孟慧慧
《考試說(shuō)明》中第五檔的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有這樣的要求“盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”,這樣的要求表明,高考英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)題對(duì)考生的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力提出了更高層次的要求。結(jié)合多年教學(xué)和高考評(píng)卷經(jīng)驗(yàn),本文從三個(gè)方面探究了書面表達(dá)題得高分的技巧。
技巧一:巧用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞三種結(jié)構(gòu)。在寫作時(shí),可用動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),可用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),可用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)寫作中的正確應(yīng)用,能使英語(yǔ)句式更加高級(jí),能使英語(yǔ)作文更地道,為所寫英語(yǔ)作文增加亮點(diǎn)。
例1 :Anxiously,Mike used three methods to solve the last math problem in the math exam,only to find that none of them was suitable.(動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
例2 :Because the boy is encouraged by what his mentor said,he worked harder to explore the living hab-its of that kind of insects.
—>Encouraged by what his mentor said,the boy worked harder to explore the living habits of that kind of insects.(過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ))
技巧二:巧用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)也屬于高級(jí)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)之一,同時(shí)也是增加作文得分亮點(diǎn)的方法。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用可使考生所寫的文章更富有節(jié)奏感、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容更加突出??忌鷳?yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握和學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用下列倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):so... that引導(dǎo)的句式中so開頭的半倒裝句;表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首引起的倒裝句;“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首引起的倒裝句;as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí);形容詞、名詞等置于句首引起的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例3:As we were exhausted,we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.
—Exhausted as we were,we were still lively and talkative after a wonderful and interesting activity.
例4:Tom's mentor spoke so deeply that he couldn't fully understand his mentor's meaning.
—So deeply did Tom's mentor speak that he couldn't understand his mentor's meaning.
技巧三:巧用復(fù)合句式
復(fù)合句可使文意表達(dá)得更加完整和清晰。復(fù)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)主要有名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句。此三種從句是考生的薄弱點(diǎn),但是在寫作中如能熟練正確使用,可體現(xiàn)出考生較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力。第五檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確表示,考生為了使用“較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)”,即使出現(xiàn)了“些許錯(cuò)誤”,也不影響作文得到第五檔的得分。
例5:What Jack's half sisters said(主語(yǔ)從句)sug-gested that his sisters' mother cared little about Jack's trouble(賓語(yǔ)從句),even if Jack asked his stepmother for help(狀語(yǔ)從句).
例6:The reason why we live in the city(定語(yǔ)從句)is that city life is not only more convenient,but also more new things are happening(表語(yǔ)從句).
總之,在寫作訓(xùn)練中,學(xué)生應(yīng)多應(yīng)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫或改寫經(jīng)典例句,并結(jié)合寫作主題多練習(xí),才能抓住要點(diǎn),寫出有亮點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)句,從而使所寫出的文章能夠脫穎而出,獲得閱卷老師的青睞。