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紫玉蘭葉中木脂素類(lèi)成分及抗炎活性研究

2022-07-07 10:32丁林芬宋京風(fēng)宋流東吳興德
中草藥 2022年13期
關(guān)鍵詞:環(huán)氧硅膠化合物

丁林芬,劉 佳,宋京風(fēng),雷 鐵,聶 偉,宋流東,吳興德

紫玉蘭葉中木脂素類(lèi)成分及抗炎活性研究

丁林芬1,劉 佳3#,宋京風(fēng)1,雷 鐵1,聶 偉1,宋流東1*,吳興德2, 4*

1. 昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)藥學(xué)院暨云南省天然藥物藥理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南 昆明 650500 2. 云南民族大學(xué) 民族藥資源化學(xué)國(guó)家民族事務(wù)委員會(huì)-教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南 昆明 650500 3. 昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)海源學(xué)院,云南 昆明 650101 4. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所 植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南 昆明 650201

研究紫玉蘭葉中木脂素類(lèi)化學(xué)成分及其抗炎活性。采用硅膠、MCI gel、Sephadex LH-20、半制備HPLC等色譜方法進(jìn)行分離純化,根據(jù)波譜數(shù)據(jù)鑒定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu);通過(guò)測(cè)定化合物對(duì)脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)誘導(dǎo)小鼠RAW 264.7巨噬細(xì)胞釋放炎癥介質(zhì)NO的抑制能力,評(píng)價(jià)化合物的抗炎活性。從紫玉蘭95%乙醇提取物中分離得到16個(gè)木脂素,分別鑒定為burcellin(1)、(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-三甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮(2)、(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,1′-四甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮(3)、(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮(4)、(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫- 7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮(5)、(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5′-三甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮(6)、(7R,8S,1′S)-3,4-亞甲二氧基-5′-甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮(7)、simulanol(8)、落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(9)、5′-甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(10)、5,5′-二甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(11)、nectandrin A(12)、nectandrin B(13)、杜仲樹(shù)脂酚(14)、丁香脂素(15)和松脂醇(16)?;衔?、10、11、13和16對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)RAW 264.7細(xì)胞釋放NO具有顯著抑制作用,其半數(shù)抑制濃度(median inhibition concentration,IC50)分別為(8.38±0.07)、(16.24±0.35)、(229.71±1.30)、(21.68±0.72)、(19.74±0.39)μmol/L?;衔?、4~6、8、10、11和13為首次從木蘭屬植物中分離得到;所有化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到,首次報(bào)道化合物1的1H-和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù),并且首次報(bào)道化合物2和4的13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)?;衔?、10、11、13和16具有潛在的抗炎作用。

木蘭屬;紫玉蘭;木脂素;抗炎活性;burcellin;(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-三甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮;5′-甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇

紫玉蘭Desr.為木蘭科(Magnoliaceae)木蘭屬Linn.落葉灌木。產(chǎn)于我國(guó)福建、湖北、四川、云南,生于海拔300~1600 m的山坡林緣。紫玉蘭與玉蘭Desr.同為我國(guó)2千多年的傳統(tǒng)花卉,在我國(guó)大部分城市均有栽培,并已被引種至歐美各國(guó),其樹(shù)皮、葉和花蕾均可入藥,常用作鎮(zhèn)痛消炎劑[1]。據(jù)《新華本草綱要》記載,紫玉蘭具有祛風(fēng)散寒,通鼻竅的功效,用于治療鼻塞、鼻淵、風(fēng)寒頭痛、濁涕等癥,是民間藥材辛夷的重要來(lái)源之一[2]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道紫玉蘭中含有木脂素、生物堿、揮發(fā)油等成分[3-5],藥理研究表明其木脂素和揮發(fā)油具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗植物致病性真菌等活性[6-8]?;诖耍緦?shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)紫玉蘭葉開(kāi)展系統(tǒng)深入的化學(xué)成分研究,靈活運(yùn)用各種色譜方法從紫玉蘭葉的95%乙醇提取物中分離得到16個(gè)木脂素(圖1),分別鑒定為burcellin(1)、(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-三甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮[(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′- trimethoxy-1′,6′-dihydro-7,4′-epoxy-8,3′-neoligna-8′-en- 6′-one,2]、(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,1′-四甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮[(7S,8S, 1′R)-3,4,5,1′-tetramethoxy-1′,6′-dihydro-7,4′-epoxy- 8,3′-neoligna-8′-en-6′-one,3]、(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯- 4′-酮[(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,5,5′-tetramethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro- 7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one,4]、(7S,8S, 1′R)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮[(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,5′- tetramethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna- 8′-en-4′-one,5]、(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5′-三甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮(7R,8S, 1′S)-3,4,5′-trimethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one,6)、(7R,8S,1′S)-3,4-亞甲二氧基-5′-甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷- 8′-烯-4′-酮[(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4-methylenedioxy-5′-methoxy- 1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one,7]、simulanol(8)、落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(lariciresinol,9)、5′-甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(5′- methoxylariciresinol,10)、5,5′-二甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇(5,5′-dimethoxy lariciresinol,11)、nectandrin A(12)、nectandrin B(13)、杜仲樹(shù)脂酚(medioresinol,14)、丁香脂素(syringaresinol,15),以及松脂醇(pinoresinol,16)。化合物2、4~6、8、10、11和13為首次從木蘭屬植物中分離得到;所有化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到,首次報(bào)道化合物1的1H-和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù),并且首次報(bào)道化合物2和4的13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)。同時(shí)對(duì)化合物1~16進(jìn)行脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)誘導(dǎo)RAW264.7巨噬細(xì)胞釋放NO的抑制活性評(píng)價(jià),發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物8、10、11、13和16具有顯著抑制作用,其半數(shù)抑制濃度(median inhibition concentration,IC50)分別為(8.38±0.07)、(16.24±0.35)、(22.71±1.30)、(21.68±0.72)和(19.74±0.39)μmol/L。

1 儀器與材料

Shimadzu UV-2700紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度儀(日本Shimadzu公司);Jasco P-1020型全自動(dòng)數(shù)字旋光儀(日本Jasco公司);Thermo NICOLET iS10中紅外(美國(guó)Thermo公司);Bruker Avance III 500 MHz、Avance III 600 MHz、AV 800 MHz核磁共振儀(德國(guó)Bruker公司);Agilent 1260高效液相色譜儀(美國(guó)Agilent公司);色譜柱為Zorbax SB-C18(Agilent公司,150 mm×9.6 mm,5 μm,美國(guó));柱色譜硅膠(臨沂市海祥化工廠,100~200、200~300目);GF254薄層色譜硅膠板(臨沂市海祥化工廠);Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司,瑞典);MCI gel(CHP 20P,75~150 μm;日本三菱化學(xué)株式會(huì)社);顯色劑(10%硫酸乙醇溶液,噴灑后適當(dāng)加熱);色譜甲醇(玉溪新藍(lán)景化學(xué)工業(yè)有限公司);分析甲醇(玉溪新藍(lán)景化學(xué)工業(yè)有限公司);所有溶劑均為工業(yè)溶劑重蒸后使用。

圖1 化合物1~16的結(jié)構(gòu)

藥材紫玉蘭于2018年6月采自云南昆明,由中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所成曉副研究員鑒定為紫玉蘭Desr.的干燥葉,標(biāo)本(20180603m)存放在中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部資源持續(xù)利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

2 提取與分離

紫玉蘭葉6 kg用95%乙醇浸泡提取3次,每次48 h,合并提取液,減壓蒸餾去除有機(jī)溶劑。將提取物分散于水中,用醋酸乙酯萃取4次,回收溶劑得醋酸乙酯部分220 g。用聚酰胺粉(1∶1.5)拌樣,經(jīng)MCI gel柱色譜,用甲醇-水(40∶60→100∶0)梯度洗脫,TLC檢測(cè)合并相同部分得Fr. 1~11。Fr. 4(2.7 g)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-醋酸乙酯(8∶2)洗脫得到Fr. 4.1~4.9。Fr. 4.4(96 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(8∶2)洗脫得到化合物13(16.8 mg)。Fr. 4.5(76 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(8∶2)洗脫,再經(jīng)三氯甲烷-丙酮(20∶1)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)洗脫得到化合物8(7.6 mg)和15(2.3 mg)。Fr. 4.7(90 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(8∶2)洗脫,再經(jīng)三氯甲烷-丙酮(20∶1)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)洗脫得到12(13 mg)和14(1.5 mg)。Fr. 5(5.3 g)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-丙酮(300∶1→1∶1)洗脫得到Fr. 5.1~5.11。Fr. 5.1(300 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜洗脫得到Fr. 5.1.1~5.1.3。Fr. 5.1.2(80 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(9∶1)洗脫,再經(jīng)石油醚-醋酸乙酯(8∶2)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)得到化合物10(9.0 mg)。Fr. 5.1.3(47 mg)經(jīng)半制備HPLC色譜儀(乙腈-水30∶70,3 mL/min)制備得化合物1(R= 12.5 min,2.8 mg)、2(R= 11.5 min,1.3 mg)、5(R= 9.0 min,1.4 mg)、6(R= 15.3 min,1.7 mg)。Fr. 5.6(150 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(8∶2)洗脫,再經(jīng)石油醚-醋酸乙酯(8∶2)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)洗脫得到化合物4(1.4 mg)和11(8.0 mg)。Fr. 5.9(475 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(7∶3)洗脫得到Fr. 5.9.1~5.9.4。Fr. 5.9.2(144 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(9.5∶0.5)洗脫得到化合物7(72.6 mg)和9(8.5 mg)。Fr. 5.9.3(88 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(9.5∶0.5)和Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)洗脫得到化合物3(2.7 mg)和15(2.7 mg)。Fr. 5.10(542 mg)經(jīng)正相硅膠柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(7∶3),再經(jīng)三氯甲烷-丙酮(9∶1)洗脫得到化合物16(1.4 mg)。

3 抗炎活性實(shí)驗(yàn)

取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的RAW 264.7巨噬細(xì)胞接種至96孔板,用1 μg/mL LPS進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)刺激,同時(shí)加入待測(cè)化合物處理(終濃度從50 μmol/L開(kāi)始2倍稀釋?zhuān)?,設(shè)空白對(duì)照組和G-甲基--精氨酸乙酸鹽(G-monomethyl--arginine, monoacetate salt,-NMMA)陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組,細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)24 h后取培養(yǎng)基檢測(cè)NO生成,在570 nm處測(cè)定吸光度()值。剩余培養(yǎng)基利用MTS法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞存活率,排除化合物對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的影響。IC50按Reed&Muench法計(jì)算。

NO生成抑制率=(空白對(duì)照組570-樣品組570)/空白對(duì)照組570

4 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1:為無(wú)色油狀物,[α]20.6 D+43.84 (0.10, MeOH);(nm): 208 (4.58)。根據(jù)正離子HRESIMS/: 409.162 2 [M+Na]+,計(jì)算值為409.162 2和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)推斷其分子式為C22H26O6,不飽和度為10。IR光譜中顯示苯環(huán)(1611、1508、1463 cm?1)、酮羰(基1730 cm?1)、烯烴(1652 cm?1)等官能團(tuán)信號(hào)峰。分析1H- 和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)(表1)可知,該化合物含有1個(gè)1,3,4,5-四取代苯環(huán)[H6.54 (2H, s, H-2, 6),C133.3 (C-1), 103.0 (C-2, 6), 153.7 (C-3, 5), 138.6 (C-4)],1個(gè)烯丙基[H2.53 (1H, dd,= 13.2, 7.5 Hz, H-7′a), 2.48 (1H, dd,= 13.2, 7.3 Hz, H-7′b), 5.69 (1H, m, H-8′), 5.07 (2H, m, H-9′),C45.4 (C-7′), 131.0 (C-8′), 119.2 (C-9′)],1個(gè)β位氧取代的α,β不飽和酮結(jié)構(gòu)單元[5.71 (1H, s, H-5′),C172.3 (C-4′), 99.6 (C-5′), 200.0 (C-6′)],1個(gè)三取代雙鍵[H6.21 (1H, s, H-2′),C134.7 (C-2′), 140.1 (C-3′)],1個(gè)氧取代次甲基[H5.05 (1H, brs, H-7),C93.9 (C-7)],1個(gè)被氧化的叔碳[C81.5 (C-1′)],1個(gè)次甲基[H3.05 (1H, m, H-8),C42.4 (C-8)],1個(gè)甲基[H1.36 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-9),C16.4 (C-9)],4個(gè)甲氧基[H3.88 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3),H3.86 (3H, s, 4-OCH3),H3.18 (3H, s, 1′-OCH3);C56.2 (3, 5-OCH3), 60.9 (4-OCH3), 54.0 (1′-OCH3)]。上述核磁數(shù)據(jù)分析表明化合物1為苯并呋喃酮型木脂素,其1H-和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)和化合物3相似?;衔?的結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)和文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的1H-和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)比較確定為(7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,1′-四甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯- 6′-酮[9-10]。進(jìn)一步通過(guò)HMBC、HSQC、1H-1H COSY譜(圖2)分析確定化合物1和3具有相同的平面結(jié)構(gòu)。ROESY譜(圖2)中H-6/H-8, H-7/H-9相關(guān),表明化合物1的C-7, C-8位相對(duì)立體構(gòu)型和化合物3一致,其H-7和H-9均為β朝向。進(jìn)一步分析化合物1和3的13C NMR數(shù)據(jù),僅發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物1的C-1′ (?C?0.7)、C-6′ (?C?0.4)、C-7′ (?C?0.5) 碳譜數(shù)據(jù)向高場(chǎng),其余碳譜數(shù)據(jù)高度一致,說(shuō)明C-1′的立體構(gòu)型與化合物3相反。因此,化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定為化合物3的C-1′差向異構(gòu)體。經(jīng)檢索化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu)在文獻(xiàn)中有報(bào)道(burcellin),然而未見(jiàn)波譜數(shù)據(jù)和物理常數(shù)報(bào)道[11-12]。本研究首次利用1D和2D NMR解析并確證化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu),并首次報(bào)道其1H-和13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)。

表1 化合物1~4的1H-NMR (CDCl3)數(shù)據(jù)

Table 1 1H-NMR (CDCl3) data of compounds 1-4

碳位1 (600 MHz)2 (800 MHz)3 (600 MHz)4 (800 MHz) 26.54 (1H, s)6.85 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz)6.53 (1H, s)6.57 (1H, s) 5 6.89 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz) 66.54 (1H, s)6.91 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz)6.53 (1H, s)6.57 (1H, s) 75.05 (1H, brs)5.07 (1H, overlapped)5.05 (1H, overlapped)5.36 (1H, brs) 83.05 (1H, m)3.06 (1H, m)3.05 (1H, m)2.73 (1H, q, J = 7.3 Hz) 91.36 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz)1.35 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz)1.40 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz)1.22 (1H, d, J = 7.3 Hz) 2′6.21 (1H, s)6.20 (1H, s)6.21 (1H, s) 3′ 5.87 (1H, s) 5′5.71 (1H, s)5.69 (1H, s)5.72 (1H, s) 6′ 5.45 (1H, s) 7′a2.53 (1H, dd, J = 13.2, 7.5 Hz)2.54 (1H, dd, J =13.2, 7.3 Hz)2.52 (2H, d, J =7.3 Hz)2.30 (1H, dd, J =13.5, 8.0 Hz) 7′b2.48 (1H, dd, J = 13.2, 7.3 Hz)2.47 (1H, dd, J =13.2, 7.3 Hz) 2.23 (1H, dd, J =13.5, 6.8 Hz) 8′5.69 (1H, m)5.69 (1H, m)5.70 (1H, m)5.53 (1H, m) 9′a5.07 (2H, m)5.06 (2H, overlapped)5.06 (2H, overlapped)5.03 (1H, dd, J =10.0, 1.3 Hz) 9′b 4.65 (1H, dd, J =17.0, 1.3 Hz) 3-OCH33.88 (3H, s)3.89 (3H, s)3.88 (3H, s)3.89 (3H, s) 4-OCH33.86 (3H, s)3.90 (3H, s)3.85 (3H, s)3.86 (3H, s) 5-OCH33.88 (3H, s) 3.88 (3H, s)3.89 (3H, s) 1′-OCH33.18 (3H, s)3.18 (3H, s)3.14 (3H, s) 5′-OCH3 3.68 (3H, s)

圖2 化合物1的主要1H-1H COSY、HMBC和ROESY相關(guān)

化合物2和4通過(guò)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的1H-NMR數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,分別鑒定為(7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-三甲氧基-1′,6′-二氫-7,4′-環(huán)氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-6′-酮[13]和(7S,8S,1′)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫- 7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮[9],但未見(jiàn)其13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道。本研究進(jìn)一步利用HSQC、HMBC、1H-1H COSY、ROESY譜圖分析確證了化合物2和4的結(jié)構(gòu),并首次報(bào)道其13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)(表2)。

表2 化合物1~4的13C-NMR (CDCl3) 數(shù)據(jù)

Table 2 13C-NMR (CDCl3) data of compounds 1-4

碳位1 (150 MHz)2 (200 MHz)3 (150 MHz)4 (200 MHz) 1133.3130.0133.4136.5 2103.0108.9103.0101.2 3153.7149.5153.7153.6 4138.6149.8138.6137.4 5153.7111.1153.7153.6 6103.0119.0103.0101.2 793.993.993.992.8 842.442.242.744.6 916.416.116.318.9 1′81.581.580.852.8 2′134.7134.5134.4181.7 3′140.1140.3140.2102.9 4′172.3172.4172.2182.5 5′99.699.599.8152.8 6′200.0200.1199.6108.9 7′45.445.444.946.1 8′131.0131.1131.0131.7 9′119.2119.2119.2120.2 3-OCH356.256.056.256.3 4-OCH360.956.060.961.0 5-OCH356.2 56.256.3 1′-OCH354.053.953.6 5′-OCH3 55.3

化合物5:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/:409 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (800 MHz, CDCl3): 6.48 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 5.83 (1H, s, H-3′), 5.55 (1H, m, H-8′), 5.43 (1H, s,H-6′), 5.18 (1H, d,= 9.9 Hz, H-7), 5.10 (1H, d,= 10.1 Hz, H-9′a), 5.02 (1H, d,= 17.0 Hz, H-9′b), 3.87 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3), 3.85 (3H, s, 4-OCH3), 3.69 (3H, s, 5′-OCH3), 2.55 (1H, q,= 6.9 Hz, H-8), 2.35 (1H, dd,= 13.5, 7.4 Hz, H-7′a), 2.30 (1H, dd,= 13.5, 6.9 Hz, H-7′b), 1.18 (3H, d,= 6.9 Hz, H-9);13C-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): 133.3 (C-1), 103.5 (C-2, 6), 153.6 (C-3, 5), 138.6 (C-4), 91.2 (C-7), 49.5 (C-8), 8.6 (C-9), 51.0 (C-1′), 181.4 (C-2′), 102.2 (C-3′, 9′), 182.9 (C-4′), 153.5 (C-5′), 107.8 (C-6′), 36.8 (C-7′), 130.9 (C-8′), 56.2 (3, 5-OCH3), 60.9 (4-OCH3), 55.4 (5′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[14],故鑒定化合物為(7*,8*,1′*)-3,4,5,5′-四甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫-7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮。

化合物6:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/:379 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (800 MHz, CDCl3): 6.87 (2H, brs, H-2, 6), 6.77 (1H, brs, H-5), 5.82 (1H, s, H-3′), 5.55 (1H, m, H-8′), 5.43 (1H, s, H-6′), 5.21 (1H, d,= 9.9 Hz, H-7), 5.09 (1H, d,= 10.5 Hz, H-9′a), 5.01 (1H, d,= 17.0 Hz, H-9′b), 3.88 (3H, s, 3-OCH3), 3.89 (3H, s, 4-OCH3), 3.69 (3H, s, 5′-OCH3), 2.56 (1H, q,= 6.9 Hz, H-8), 2.35 (1H, dd,= 13.6, 7.4 Hz, H-7′a), 2.31 (1H, dd,= 13.6, 6.9 Hz, H-7′b), 1.19 (1H, d,= 6.9 Hz, H-9);13C-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): 130.0 (C-1), 109.2 (C-2), 149.4 (C-3, 4), 110.0 (C-5), 120.1 (C-6), 91.2 (C-7), 49.4 (C-8), 8.5 (C-9), 51.0 (C-1′), 181.5 (C-2′), 102.1 (C-3′), 182.9 (C-4′), 153.5 (C-5′), 107.9 (C-6′), 36.7 (C-7′), 130.9 (C-8′), 119.5 (C-9′), 56.0 (3, 4-OCH3), 55.4 (5′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[14],故鑒定化合物6為(7*,8*,1′*)-3,4,5′-三甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫- 7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮。

化合物7:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/363 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.81 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-5), 6.70 (1H, s, H-2), 6.69 (1H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-6), 5.97 (2H, s, -OCH2O-), 5.92 (1H, d,= 5.1 Hz, H-7), 5.85 (1H, s, H-3′), 5.73 (1H, m, H-8′), 5.49 (1H, s, H-6′), 5.16 (2H, m, H-9′), 5.19 (1H, d,= 10.1 Hz, H-9′a), 5.12(1H, d,= 16.9 Hz, H-9′b), 3.66 (3H, s, 5′-OCH3), 2.68 (2H, m, H-7′a, 8), 2.52 (1H, dd,= 13.7, 6.8 Hz, H-7′b), 0.50 (3H, d,= 7.3 Hz, H-9);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 130.5 (C-1), 106.2 (C-2), 148.0 (C-3), 147.4 (C-4), 109.1 (C-5), 118.9 (C-6), 87.3 (C-7), 44.7 (C-8), 12.1 (C-9), 54.0 (C-1′), 181.5 (C-2′), 102.1 (C-3′), 182.7 (C-4′), 152.9 (C-5′), 108.3 (C-6′), 44.0 (C-7′), 131.8 (C-8′), 120.3 (C-9′), 55.3 (5′-OCH3), 101.3 (-OCH2O-)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[13,15],故鑒定化合物7為(7*,8*,1′*)-3,4-亞甲二氧基-5′-甲氧基-1′,4′-二氫- 7,2′-環(huán)氧-8,1′-新木脂烷-8′-烯-4′-酮。

化合物8:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/:411 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-6): 6.97 (1H, s, H-2′), 6.94 (1H, s, H-6′), 6.74 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 6.52 (1H, d,= 15.8 Hz, H-7′), 6.23 (1H, td,= 15.8, 5.5 Hz, H-8′), 5.54 (1H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-7), 3.86 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.79 (3H, s, 2, 6-OCH3), 4.19 (2H, d,= 5.6, Hz, H-9′a), 3.82 (2H, m, H-9′), 3.54 (1H, m, H-8);13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-6): 133.3 (C-1), 104.5 (C-2, 6), 148.7 (C-3, 5), 136.7 (C-4), 88.7 (C-7), 54.8 (C-8), 64.5 (C-9), 131.9 (C-1?), 116.0 (C-2?), 130.4 (C-3?), 148.9 (C-4?), 145.1 (C-5?), 111.7 (C-6?), 130.5 (C-7?), 128.4 (C-8?), 63.4 (C-9?), 56.6 (3′, 5′-OCH3), 56.4 (3-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[16],故鑒定化合物8為simulanol。

化合物9:白色粉末,ESI-MS/:383 [M+Na]+。1H NMR (500 MHz, acetone-6): 6.95 (1H, s, H-2), 6.80 (2H, m, H-5, 6), 6.78 (1H, s, H-2′), 6.74 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.66 (21H, dd,= 8.0, 1.2 Hz, H-6′), 4.80 (1H, d,= 6.3 Hz, H-7), 3.96 (1H, m, H-9′a), 3.87 (1H, m, H-9a), 3.79 (s, 3-OCH3), 3.78 (s, 3′-OCH3), 3.68 (2H, m, H-9b, 9′b);13C NMR (125 MHz, acetone-6): 136.5 (C-1), 110.2 (C-2), 148.2 (C-3), 146.4 (C-4), 115.4 (C-5), 119.3 (C-6), 83.2 (C-7), 53.9 (C-8), 60.4 (C-9), 133.4 (C-1′), 113.0 (C-2′), 148.1 (C-3′), 145.6 (C-4′), 115.7 (C-5′), 121.9 (C-6′), 33.5 (C-7′), 43.4 (C-8′), 73.1 (C-9′), 56.2 (3, 3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[17],故鑒定化合物9為落葉松樹(shù)脂醇。

化合物10:白色粉末,ESI-MS/:413 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-6): 6.82 (1H, d,= 1.8 Hz, H-2′), 6.73 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-5′), 6.65 (1H, dd,= 8.0, 1.8 Hz, H-6′), 6.63 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 4.80 (1H, d,= 6.0 Hz, H-7), 3.95 (1H, dd,= 8.2, 6.7 Hz, H-9′a), 3.86 (1H, m, H-9a), 3.81 (6H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.79 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3), 3.70 (1H, dd,= 6.3, 4.2 Hz, H-9b), 3.67 (1H, dd,= 8.2, 8.0 Hz, H-9′b);13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-6): 135.6 (C-1), 104.0 (C-2, 6), 148.5 (C-3, 5), 135.7 (C-4), 83.4 (C-7), 53.9 (C-8), 60.4 (C-9), 133.3 (C-1′), 113.0 (C-2′), 148.2 (C-3′), 145.6 (C-4′), 115.7 (C-5′), 121.8 (C-6′), 33.5 (C-7′), 43.4 (C-8′), 73.1 (C-9′), 56.5 (3, 5-OCH3), 56.2 (3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[18],故鑒定化合物10為5′-甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇。

化合物11:白色粉末,ESI-MS/:443 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, acetone-6): 6.63 (2H, m, H-2, 6), 6.51 (2H, s, H-2′, 6′), 4.78 (1H, d,= 6.1 Hz, H-7), 3.95 (1H, dd,= 8.2, 6.7 Hz, H-9′a), 3.85 (1H, m, H-9a), 3.79 (12H, s, 3, 5, 3′, 5′-OCH3), 3.68 (2H, m, H-9b, 9′b);13C-NMR (125 MHz, acetone-6): 135.0 (C-1), 104.1 (C-2, 6), 148.5 (C-3, 5), 135.8 (C-4), 34.0 (C-7), 54.0 (C-8), 83.4 (C-9), 132.4 (C-1′), 106.9 (C-2′, 6′), 135.6 (C-4), 148.6 (C-3′, 5′), 73.1 (C-7′), 43.3 (C-8′), 60.4 (C-9′), 56.6 (3, 5, 3′, 5′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[19],故鑒定化合物11為5,5′-二甲氧基落葉松樹(shù)脂醇。

化合物12:無(wú)色油狀物,ESI-MS/:381 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.83~7.00 (6H, m, H-2, 2′, 5, 5′, 6, 6′), 4.50 (2H, d,= 6.2 Hz, H-7), 3.88 (6H, s, 3, 3′-OCH3), 3.87 (3H, s, 4-OCH3), 2.23 (1H, m, H-8, 8′), 1.03 (3H, d,= 6.4 Hz, H-9), 1.04 (3H, d,= 6.4 Hz, H-9′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 134.8 (C-1), 109.8 (C-2), 148.9 (C-3), 148.5 (C-4), 110.9 (C-5), 118.6 (C-6), 87.3 (C-7), 44.4 (C-8), 13.0 (C-9), 134.2 (C-1′), 109.2 (C-2′), 146.5 (C-3′), 145.1 (C-4′), 114.2 (C-5′), 119.3 (C-6′), 87.4 (C-7′), 44.3 (C-8′), 12.9 (C-9′), 55.9 (3-OCH3), 56.0 (4-OCH3), 55.8 (3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[20],故鑒定化合物12為nectandrin A。

化合物13:白色粉末,ESI-MS/:367 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.96 (2H, d,= 1.5 Hz, H-2, 2′), 6.92 (2H, dd,= 8.0, 1.5 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.89 (1H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-5), 5.58 (2H, d,= 6.3 Hz, H-7, 7′), 2.32 (2H, m, H-8, 8′), 1.03 (6H, d,= 6.4 Hz, H-9, 9′);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 134.2 (C-1), 109.2 (C-2, 2′), 146.5 (C-3, 3′), 145.0 (C-4, 4′), 114.1 (C-5, 5′), 119.3 (C-6, 6′), 87.4 (C-7, 7′), 44.3 (C-8, 8′), 12.9 (C-9, 9′), 55.9 (3, 3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[21],故鑒定化合物13為nectandrin B。

化合物14:白色粉末, ESI-MS/:411 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (800 MHz, CDCl3): 6.90 (1H, d,= 1.9 Hz, H-2′), 6.89 (1H, d,= 8.1 Hz, H-6′), 6.82 (1H, dd,= 8.1, 1.6 Hz, H-5′), 6.58 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 4.75 (1H, d,= 4.9 Hz, H-7′), 4.72 (1H, d,= 4.9 Hz, H-7), 4.26 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.89 (2H, m, H-9b, 9′b), 3.10 (2H, m, H-8, 8′), 3.90 (3H, s, 3′-OCH3), 3.91 (6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3);13C-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): 132.1 (C-1), 102.7 (C-2, 6), 147.1 (C-3, 5), 134.2 (C-4), 86.1 (C-7), 54.1 (C-8), 71.9 (C-9), 132.9 (C-1′), 108.6 (C-2′), 146.7 (C-3′), 145.2 (C-4′), 114.2 (C-5′), 118.9 (C-6′), 85.8 (C-7′), 54.4 (C-8′), 71.6 (C-9′), 56.0 (3′-OCH3), 56.4 (3, 5-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[22],故鑒定化合物14為杜仲樹(shù)脂酚。

化合物15:白色粉末,ESI-MS/:441 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): 6.57 (4H, s, H-2, 2′, 6, 6′), 4.73 (2H, d,= 3.3 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.28 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.90 (2H, m, H-9b, 9′b), 3.09 (2H, s, H-8, 8′), 3.89 (12H, s, 3, 3′, 5, 5′-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): 132.0 (C-1, 1′), 102.6 (C-2, 2′, 6, 6′), 147.1 (C-3, 3′, 5, 5′), 134.2 (C-4, 4′), 86.0 (C-7, 7′), 54.3 (C-8, 8′), 71.8 (C-9, 9′), 56.3 (3, 3′, 5, 5′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[23],故鑒定化合物15為丁香脂素。

化合物16:白色粉末, ESI-MS/:381 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (800 MHz, CDCl3): 6.90 (2H, d,= 1.5 Hz, H-2, 2′), 6.89 (2H, d,= 8.1 Hz, H-6, 6′), 6.82 (2H, dd,= 8.1, 1.5 Hz, H-5, 5′), 4.74 (2H, d,= 4.2 Hz, H-7, 7′), 4.24 (2H, m, H-9a, 9′a), 3.88 (2H, dd,= 9.3, 3.7 Hz, H-9b, 9′b), 3.10 (2H, dd,= 6.4 , 4.7 Hz, H-8, 8′), 3.91 (6H, s, 3, 3′-OCH3);13C-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): 132.9 (C-1, 1′), 108.6 (C-2, 2′), 146.7 (C-3, 3′), 145.2 (C-4, 4′), 114.2 (C-5, 5′), 119.0 (C-6, 6′), 85.9 (C-7, 7′), 54.2 (C-8, 8′), 71.7 (C-9, 9′), 56.0 (3, 3′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致[23],故鑒定化合物16為松脂醇。

4 抗炎活性結(jié)果

利用LPS誘導(dǎo)小鼠RAW 264.7巨噬細(xì)胞釋放炎癥介質(zhì)NO模型,對(duì)化合物1~16進(jìn)行抗炎活性評(píng)價(jià)(表3)。采用MTS實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試所有化合物對(duì)RAW 264.7細(xì)胞活力的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所有測(cè)試化合物在50 μmol/L濃度下對(duì)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)無(wú)影響,細(xì)胞存活率均大于90%。進(jìn)一步對(duì)化合物1~16進(jìn)行NO生成抑制活性評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示化合物8、10、11、13和16具有顯著的抑制活性,其IC50值分別為(8.38±0.07)、(16.24±0.35)、(22.71±1.30)、(21.68±0.72)、(19.74±0.39)μmol/L。其余化合物對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的RAW 264. 7巨噬細(xì)胞釋放炎癥介質(zhì)NO抑制作用很弱,其IC50值大于50 μmol/L。

表3 化合物對(duì)LPS誘導(dǎo)的RAW264.7細(xì)胞釋放炎癥介質(zhì)NO的抑制活性()

Table 3 Inhibitory effects of compounds on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells()

化合物50 μmol·L?1下細(xì)胞存活率/%IC50/(μmol·L?1) 8 99.41±1.38 8.38±0.07 10101.91±0.6316.24±0.35 11 99.20±1.0922.71±1.30 13 96.91±0.6021.68±0.72 16102.14±2.5619.74±0.39 L-NMMA100.24±2.8935.39±1.17

5 討論

本研究采用多種色譜方法從紫玉蘭葉的95%乙醇提取物中分離得到16個(gè)木脂素類(lèi)化合物,包括8個(gè)苯并呋喃型木脂素(1~8)、5個(gè)四氫呋喃型木脂素(9~13)和3個(gè)雙四氫呋喃型木脂素(14~16),豐富了紫玉蘭中化合物結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型。通過(guò)活性評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物8、10、11、13和16具有顯著的抗炎活性,初步闡明紫玉蘭民間作為鎮(zhèn)痛消炎劑的藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),為進(jìn)一步研究紫玉蘭藥效物質(zhì)和促進(jìn)其綜合利用奠定基礎(chǔ)。

利益沖突 所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突

[1] 中國(guó)科學(xué)院中國(guó)植物志編輯委員會(huì). 中國(guó)植物志 [M]. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社, 1996: 140-141.

[2] 江蘇省植物研究所, 中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院藥物研究所, 中國(guó)科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所. 新華本草綱要 (第一冊(cè)) [M]. 上海: 上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1988: 58.

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Lignans from leaves ofand their anti-inflammatory activities

DING Lin-fen1, LIU Jia3, SONG Jing-feng1, LEI Tie1, NIE Wei1, SONG Liu-dong1, WU Xing-de2, 4

1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China 2. Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine Resource Chemistry, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China 3. Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China 4. State Key Laboratroy of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in Western China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China

To study the lignans fromand their anti-inflammatory activities.Chemical constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semepreparative HPLC. The structures were characterized via spectroscopic data analysis. All isolated compounds were evaluated their inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Sixteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of. Their structures were identified as burcellin (1), (7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-trimethoxy-1′,6′-dihydro-7,4′-epoxy-8,3′-neoligna-8′-en-6′-one (2), (7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,1′-tetramethoxy-1′,6′- dihydro-7,4′-epoxy-8,3′-neoligna-8′-en-6′-one (3), (7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,5,5′-tetramethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en- 4′-one (4), (7S,8S,1′R)-3,4,5,5′-tetramethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one (5), (7R,8S,1′S)-3,4,5′- trimethoxy-1′,4′-dihydro-7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one (6), (7S,8S,1′R)-3,4-methylenedioxy-5′-methoxy-1′,4′-dihydro- 7,2′-epoxy-8,1′-neoligna-8′-en-4′-one (7), simulanol (8), lariciresinol (9), 5′-methoxylariciresinol (10), 5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol (11), nectandrin A (12), nectandrin B (13), medioresinol (14), syringaresinol (15), pinoresinol (16). Compounds 8, 10, 11, 13, and 16 displayed potent NO inhibitory activities, with IC50values of (8.38 ± 0.07), (16.24 ± 0.35), (22.71 ± 1.30), (21.68 ± 0.72), and (19.74 ± 0.39) μmol/L, respectively.Compounds 2, 4—6, 8, 10, 11, and 13 are isolated from the genus offor the first time. All compounds were obtained fromfor the first time. The1H- and13C-NMR spectroscopic data of 1 was reported for the first time. In addition, the13C-NMR spectroscopic data of 2 and 4 were also reported for the first time. Compounds 8, 10, 11, 13, and 16 indicate their potential anti-inflammatory effects.

Linn.;Desr.; lignans; anti-inflammatory activity; burcellin; (7S,8S,1′S)-3,4,1′-trimethoxy- 1′,6′-dihydro-7,4′-epoxy-8,3′-neoligna-8′-en-6′-one; 5′-methoxylariciresinol

R284.1

A

0253 - 2670(2022)13 - 3912 - 08

10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2022.13.004

2022-02-11

云南省科技廳-昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究聯(lián)合專(zhuān)項(xiàng)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2019FE001-028);云南省教育廳科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(2021J0876);云南省萬(wàn)人計(jì)劃“教學(xué)名師”(宋流東)資助項(xiàng)目;云南省創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)(202005AE160004)

丁林芬(1985—),女,博士,高級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)師,從事天然藥物化學(xué)研究。E-mail: dinglinfen@kmmu.edu.cn

吳興德(1984—),男,博士,副研究員,從事天然藥物化學(xué)研究。E- mail: wuxingde@mail.kib.ac.cn

宋流東(1966—),男,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,從事天然藥物化學(xué)研究。E-mail: ynsld@126.com

#共同第一作者:劉 佳(1983—),女,副教授,從事天然藥物化學(xué)和藥劑學(xué)研究。E-mail: 1020674159@qq.com

[責(zé)任編輯 王文倩]

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