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桃糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白基因PpTST2的功能初探

2022-05-10 12:08王寧孟祥光文濱濱和華杰陳修德李玲
關(guān)鍵詞:蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)基因葡萄糖

王寧,孟祥光,文濱濱,和華杰,陳修德*,李玲*

桃糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白基因的功能初探

王寧1,2,3,孟祥光1,2,3,文濱濱1,2,3,和華杰1,2,3,陳修德1,2,3*,李玲1,2,3*

1. 山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院, 山東 泰安 271018 2. 作物生物學(xué)國家重點實驗室, 山東 泰安 271018 3. 山東省果蔬優(yōu)質(zhì)高效協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心, 山東 泰安 271018

桃糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白基因在液泡膜糖轉(zhuǎn)運過程中具有重要作用。本文以桃品種 ‘2014-9-34’ 為材料,克隆,并對其進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析及轉(zhuǎn)基因蘋果愈傷功能鑒定。結(jié)果顯示,的cDNA序列總長為2 220 bp,編碼740個氨基酸,預(yù)測其編碼蛋白質(zhì)分子量為78.91 kDa,等電點為4.8,啟動子序列分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有干旱脅迫、激素響應(yīng)、光反應(yīng)和糖響應(yīng)等多種順式作用元件,基因的表達(dá)明顯受ABA的誘導(dǎo),在‘王林’愈傷組織中過表達(dá)可以提高可溶性糖含量。酵母單雜實驗表明轉(zhuǎn)錄因子PpABRE1能夠激活的表達(dá)。

桃; 轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白; 基因表達(dá)

糖在植物生長發(fā)育過程中起著重要作用。風(fēng)味是影響果實品質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵因素之一,其主要取決于可溶性糖和有機酸含量[1,2]。糖還參與調(diào)節(jié)多種信號途徑轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和基因表達(dá)等[3,4]。

液泡糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(TSTs)最初叫液泡單糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(TMTs),AtTMT1、AtTMT2是擬南芥中最早被發(fā)現(xiàn),具有葡萄糖、果糖轉(zhuǎn)運能力的轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白,且基因在鹽、干旱和寒冷等環(huán)境脅迫下顯著上調(diào)[5]。在甜菜中第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)可以將蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)運到液泡內(nèi)[6]。因此將TMTs更名為TSTs[6]。

TSTs在多種植物的糖積累中都有研究。在擬南芥中單糖轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白AtTST1活性的增加改變了擬南芥中細(xì)胞糖的分配、糖信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和種子產(chǎn)量[7]。梨轉(zhuǎn)入酵母EBY.VW4 000后,可以在低濃度的果糖、蔗糖、山梨醇培養(yǎng)基中生長,在轉(zhuǎn)基因番茄中果糖和葡萄糖含量顯著提高,蔗糖含量無明顯變化,使轉(zhuǎn)基因番茄比野生型提早開花、成熟[8]。、可以轉(zhuǎn)運果糖和蔗糖[9]。沉默后葡萄糖的含量顯著降低,在ABA處理下,抵消了ABA誘導(dǎo)的葡萄糖含量增加[10]。介導(dǎo)了突變體酵母細(xì)胞在葡萄糖和果糖以及半乳糖和木糖培養(yǎng)基中的生長[11,12]。黃瓜在酵母中的功能分析表明,它能夠轉(zhuǎn)運半乳糖、甘露糖和蔗糖[13]。在水稻液泡葡萄糖儲存中發(fā)揮了作用,但和在寒冷、鹽或干旱情況下表達(dá)無變化[14]。在草莓和黃瓜中過表達(dá)增加了葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖的含量,且在高糖甜瓜品種果實中的表達(dá)量顯著高于低糖品種[15]。在調(diào)控西瓜葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量發(fā)揮重要作用[16]。在甜高粱中,和的表達(dá)量顯著高于谷物高粱[17]。在柑橘中在果實成熟期顯著上調(diào)[18]。

最近在桃中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個基因家族中和糖含量相關(guān)的基因,位于控制水果蔗糖含量的QTL區(qū)域,且位于果實酸度定位區(qū)間[19-21]。基因的第三個外顯子存在一個非同義的G/T單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP),的G和T等位基因分別命名為和[19]。我們將基因轉(zhuǎn)入蘋果愈傷中,對基因的功能進(jìn)一步挖掘。

1 材料和方法

1.1 實驗材料

試驗材料為山桃()蘋果‘王林’的愈傷組織。桃幼苗由山桃種子成熟以后,于30株生長良好的桃樹中隨機采集400個果實,去除果肉,收集種子,最后用尼龍袋與沙子混合,層積于山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新園。來年春天播種在穴盤中,放置于光照培養(yǎng)箱,23 ℃,16 h/8 h光暗周期下培養(yǎng)1周,選取長勢一致的幼苗使用。蘋果‘王林’愈傷組織平均兩周繼代1次,平鋪于加入1.6 mg/L 2,4-D和0.4 mg/L 6-BA的MS固態(tài)培養(yǎng)基中,放置在25 ℃的恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中暗培養(yǎng)。

1.2 ‘王林’蘋果愈傷組織的轉(zhuǎn)化

以‘2014-9-34’油桃cDNA為材料擴(kuò)增,構(gòu)建過表達(dá)載體pRI101- PpTST2。將構(gòu)建的過表達(dá)載體導(dǎo)入GV3101農(nóng)桿菌感受態(tài),得到重組農(nóng)桿菌侵染‘王林’蘋果愈傷。

轉(zhuǎn)基因蘋果愈傷鑒定:

(1)PCR擴(kuò)增鑒定轉(zhuǎn)基因植株以待驗證植株的DNA為模板,使用Taq酶進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增實驗,1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳實驗檢測擴(kuò)增片段與目的基因大小是否一致。

(2)qRT-PCR鑒定轉(zhuǎn)基因植株

提取待檢測植株的RNA,反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,qRT-PCR檢測目的基因在各株系與野生型中的表達(dá)量。

1.3 總RNA的提取與熒光定量

用RNA提取試劑盒(天根,DP432)提取RNA后,然后用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(KR106)得cDNA,按照SYBR?Green PCR Master Mix說明書配制熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)體系,采用2–ΔΔCT方法對數(shù)據(jù)分析。

1.4 生物信息學(xué)分析

ExPASy網(wǎng)站ProtParam在線軟件(http://web.expasy.org/protparam/)預(yù)測PpTST2蛋白大小,利用(http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtooLs/pLantcare/htmL/)網(wǎng)址分析啟動子的順式作用元件。

1.5 蘋果愈傷糖含量的測定

蘋果愈傷還原性糖和可溶性總糖測定方法,參考李合生[22]實驗植物生理生化實驗原理和技術(shù)。

表1 本實驗所用引物序列

1.6 酵母單雜實驗

將目的基因啟動子片段連接pAbAi表達(dá)載體,構(gòu)建pBait-AbAi質(zhì)粒,使用1191限制性內(nèi)切酶線性化pBait-AbAi,將線性化的質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入Y1H Gold酵母感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,涂布SD/-Ura培養(yǎng)基。選取陽性克隆的菌株,用無菌的ddH2O將酵母濃度調(diào)整為OD600約為0.002,將稀釋后的菌液涂布于含有不同AbA濃度的SD/-Ura固體培養(yǎng)基,確定誘餌菌株的AbA最小抑制濃度。構(gòu)建PpABREs-pGADT7載體質(zhì)粒,和已構(gòu)建pBait-AbAi質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)入Y1H Gold酵母感受態(tài),涂布SD/-Leu-Ura培養(yǎng)基和含有最小抑制濃度的SD/-Leu-Ura培養(yǎng)基,30 ℃倒置培養(yǎng)3~5 d。

1.7 雙熒光素酶成像試驗

將下游基因的啟動子序列連接到pGreenⅡ 0800-LUC載體,將的編碼序列連接到pGreenⅡ0029 62-SK載體,將重組質(zhì)粒分別轉(zhuǎn)入GV3101(pSoup-p19)農(nóng)桿菌感受態(tài)細(xì)胞。將農(nóng)桿菌活化混合后注射煙草葉片,注射完的煙草暗培養(yǎng)1 d后轉(zhuǎn)入光照培養(yǎng),2~3 d后,在煙草葉片背面涂抹D-蟲熒光素鈉鹽溶液,使用活體成像系統(tǒng)(美國,精諾真)觀察拍照。

1.8 數(shù)據(jù)分析

熒光定量數(shù)據(jù)用Excel 2019軟件數(shù)據(jù)處理,用GraphPad 6軟件進(jìn)行作圖;用SPSS 26軟件進(jìn)行顯著性相關(guān)分析。

2 實驗結(jié)果

2.1 PpTST2_G基因的克隆

如圖1所示獲得了一條2 000 bp長度的條帶,基因測序結(jié)果顯示:基因編碼區(qū)長度為2 220 bp。蛋白預(yù)測大小為78.91 kDa左右,氨基酸等電點pI:4.8。

圖 1 PpTST2_G基因擴(kuò)增結(jié)果

2.2 PpTST2_G的進(jìn)化樹分析及蛋白序列比對

圖2顯示和在同一個分支上,但圖3氨基酸相似度分析,和的相似度為70.39%,大于和的相似度63.70%,因此()在擬南芥中的同源基因是。

圖2 PpTST2_G基因進(jìn)化樹分析

圖 3 PpTST2_G與AtTST1、AtTST2氨基酸序列比對

2.3 啟動子序列分析及非生物脅迫分析

用PlantCARE在線軟件進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些順式作用元件[23]:CPBCSPOR是細(xì)胞分裂素響應(yīng)元件[24];SREATMSD是與糖信號相關(guān)的元件[25]。

表 2 PpTST2基因啟動子序列順式作用元件分析

圖 4 PpTST2響應(yīng)ABA信號

注:誤差條代表三個生物學(xué)重復(fù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差(SE),*:< 0.05,下同。

Note: The error bar represents the standard error (SE) of the three biological replications, *:< 0.05, similarly below

2.4 PpTST2_G在‘王林’愈傷組織中過表達(dá)分析

我們擴(kuò)增了基因,并將其轉(zhuǎn)化進(jìn)蘋果愈傷,還原性糖和和可溶性糖含量都顯著提高。還原性糖含量由8.24 mg·g-1上升為12.79 mg·g-1、14.45 mg·g-1,可溶性糖由17.42 mg·g-1上升為20.06 mg·g-1,23.45 mg·g-1。

圖 5 轉(zhuǎn)基因蘋果愈傷和野生型糖含量比較

(A)轉(zhuǎn)基因蘋果愈傷表達(dá)量分析(B)還原性糖含量 (C)可溶性總糖含量

(A) Analysis ofexpression in transgenic apple callus (B) Reducing sugar content. (C) Total soluble sugar content

2.5 PpABRE1激活基因PpTST2的表達(dá)

圖 6 PpABRE1激活PpTST2的表達(dá)

(A) CGTG元件在基因序列中的位置(B)酵母單雜驗證PpABRE1可以結(jié)合的啟動子(C)PpABRE1激活的表達(dá)

(A) The position of the CGTG element in thegene sequence; (B) Yeast single hybrid verification that PpABRE1 can bind to the promoter of; (C) PpABRE1 activates the expression of

圖4表達(dá)分析表明受ABA誘導(dǎo),此外通過啟動子分析,含有ABA響應(yīng)元件ABRE。因此我們擴(kuò)增了包含CTGCAC總長為50 bp的啟動子序列,隨后又?jǐn)U增了序列號為、、三個基因家族的序列,分別命名為、、,只有AD-- proPpTST2-pAbAi在-L-U+300AbA的培養(yǎng)基上生長,而AD-- proPpTST2-pAbAi、AD-- proPpTST2-pAbAi在SD/L-U+300 AbA的培養(yǎng)基上被抑制不能生長(圖6 B)。雙熒光素實驗證明PpABRE1能夠激活的表達(dá)(圖6 C)。

3 討 論

通常情況下,液泡積累大量的還原糖,大約占到植物游離己糖的90%,僅有少量的己糖存在于細(xì)胞質(zhì)中,植物液泡占據(jù)了細(xì)胞體積的90%,并通過膜屏障與周圍的細(xì)胞成分分離。液泡中的組分通常包括各種糖、多醇、有機酸、氨基酸以及離子[7,26-28]。糖類作為能量物質(zhì)和信號分子對植物的生長發(fā)育和非生物脅迫都有影響[29-32],糖還具有提高植物的抗病能力[33,34]。

和是第一批在擬南芥中發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運能力的基因[35],這兩個基因都屬于協(xié)助擴(kuò)散超家族(MFS),所有的TST蛋白都具有一個獨特的大約320個氨基酸的中心結(jié)構(gòu)域[5,6,36]。在擬南芥中,和均以三種亞型存在,基因功能的缺失會導(dǎo)致開花延遲;和在大多數(shù)植物組織中都有發(fā)現(xiàn),而基因很少表達(dá),可能不參與AtTSTs介導(dǎo)的液泡糖轉(zhuǎn)運,AtTSTs活性缺失影響植物在低溫下葡萄糖和果糖的積累[5,36]。活性決定著擬南芥種子的產(chǎn)量,在tDNA插入突變體中,種子脂質(zhì)和蛋白質(zhì)含量比野生型少10%左右,過表達(dá)種子脂質(zhì)含量稍高[7]?;钚耘c種子產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān)很可能是由于過表達(dá)植株中細(xì)胞糖信號響應(yīng)的改變[37]。由于過表達(dá)株系在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中表現(xiàn)出更少的葡萄糖,導(dǎo)致光合作用基因的表達(dá)量更高[38]。此外,除了二氧化碳固定活性的增加外,過表達(dá)株系表現(xiàn)出呼吸速率降低和蔗糖轉(zhuǎn)運基因表達(dá)上調(diào)。這些變化使過表達(dá)株系能夠從葉片中輸出更多的光合產(chǎn)物,從而提高種子產(chǎn)量[38]。本實驗中我們得到的轉(zhuǎn)基因蘋果愈傷與前人研究結(jié)果相似,提高了轉(zhuǎn)基因植株的可溶性糖含量。

在互作因子激活A(yù)tTST1實驗中,前人發(fā)現(xiàn)蛋白激酶AtVIK1與AtTST1與互作,并磷酸化AtTST1,促進(jìn)葡萄糖向液泡中轉(zhuǎn)運[38]。此外,溫度改變促進(jìn)和的磷酸化[28]。前人通過酵母雙雜交實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)膜蛋白MdVGT1與MdTMT1互作[9],下一步可以使用膜系統(tǒng)雙雜技術(shù)手段進(jìn)行篩庫,尋找PpTST2互作蛋白。

開花是植物從營養(yǎng)生長到生殖生長轉(zhuǎn)換的重要現(xiàn)象,在這一轉(zhuǎn)換期間, 蔗糖含量往往出現(xiàn)短期增加[39]。蔗糖是人們研究最多的與成花過程有關(guān)的可溶性糖,葡萄糖對植物生長的影響一般不同于蔗糖,葡萄糖主要影響幼苗的生長、光合作用、淀粉降解和衰老,而蔗糖與成熟的關(guān)系更為密切,如開花過程和貯藏器官的發(fā)育[40]。種子的發(fā)育也由蔗糖控制[8]。提高內(nèi)源性蔗糖水平也能提高番茄的開花效果[41]。梨的在番茄中過表達(dá)后,轉(zhuǎn)基因番茄比WT番茄提早開花2-3周[8,42]。

前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和的啟動子序列中都含有CACGTC核心序列,實驗證明MdABRE2特異性結(jié)合和的啟動子,但MdABRE1不特異性結(jié)合和[10],本實驗中基因結(jié)構(gòu)與相似,也包含4個外顯子和3個內(nèi)含子。此外,位于果實酸度定位區(qū)間[19-21],我們推測此基因和果實酸度有關(guān)。

4 結(jié) 論

(1)本實驗證明了促進(jìn)蘋果愈傷中糖的積累;

(2)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子PpABRE1可以激活的表達(dá)。

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Preliminary Study on the Function of Peach Sugar Transporter Gene

WANG Ning1,2,3, MENG Xiang-guang1,2,3, WEN Bin-bin1,2,3, HE Hua-jie1,2,3, CHEN Xiu-de1,2,3*, LI Ling1,2,3*

1.271018,2.271018,3.271018,

The sugar transporter gene() played an important role in tonoplast sugar transport in peach (). We clonedgene from the peach variety ‘2014-9-34’ and performed the bio-information analyses of the, and verified the functions ofby transforming 'Orin' calli (). The results showed that the full length of the cDNA sequence ofwas 2 220 bp, encoding 740 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point of thewas 78.91 kDa and 4.8, respectively. Analysis of thepromoter sequence showed that it contained drought stress, hormone, light, and sugar response-elements. Additionally, experiment results showed that hormone ABA could significantly induce expression of thegene. Overexpression ofin 'Orin' calli increased the content of soluble sugar. Yeast single-hybrid experiments showed that the transcription factor PpABRE1 could activate the expression of.

peach; transporter; gene expression

S662.1

A

1000-2324(2022)02-0180-08

10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2022.02.002

2021-11-14

2022-01-28

國家重點研發(fā)計劃(2018YFD1000104);國家自然基金面上項目(31872041);山東省農(nóng)業(yè)良種工程項目(2020LZGC007);山東省果品產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系-栽培與土肥崗(SDAIT-06-04)

王寧(1997-),男,碩士在讀,主要從事果樹分子生物學(xué)及生理研究. E-mail:tonyparkerw@163.com

Author for correspondence. E-mail:chenxiude@163.com; lilingsdau@163.com

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