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松材線蟲Bx-TIMP克隆及功能研究

2022-04-19 11:27楊帆零雅茗舒紅姜生偉王佳楠李丹蕾
森林工程 2022年2期
關鍵詞:紅松致病性

楊帆 零雅茗 舒紅 姜生偉 王佳楠 李丹蕾

摘 要:為探究Bx-TIMP基因在松材線蟲(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)致病過程中的功能,對Bx-TIMP基因進行克隆及分析,并驗證基因沉默后松材線蟲致病性變化。PCR法克隆Bx-TIMP,應用TMHMM 2.0 server和SignalP 4.1 Server分析該基因編碼蛋白質的跨膜結構域和信號肽;應用原位雜交技術確定該基因在松材線蟲體內表達部位;應用RNAi技術,分析沉默該基因后松材線蟲對紅松(Pinus koraiensis)致病性變化。該基因CDS區(qū)全長363 bp,編碼120個氨基酸,編碼蛋白具有跨膜結構域及信號肽。原位雜交表明該基因在松材線蟲食道腺中表達。基因沉默后,松材線蟲對紅松致病性減弱。結果表明,Bx-TIMP為效應因子基因,與松材線蟲致病性相關。本研究揭示Bx-TIMP基因是松材線蟲危害松樹致使其發(fā)病的關鍵基因,為進一步明確松材線蟲致病機理提供理論依據,為研發(fā)松材線蟲的防治技術奠定理論基礎。

關鍵詞:松材線蟲;致病性;效應因子;紅松;基因沉默

中圖分類號:S763.18??? 文獻標識碼:A?? 文章編號:1006-8023(2022)02-0014-06

Cloning and Functional Analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Bx-TIMP

YANG Fan1,2, LING Yaming1,2,5, SHU Hong3, JIANG Shengwei3,4, WANG Jianan1,2, LI Danlei1,2,4*

(1.School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Alien Forest

Pest Monitoring and Control - Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;

3.Liaoning Provincial Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine, Shenyang

110001, China; 4.Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Dangerous Forest Pest Management

and Control, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang 113122, China; 5.Shiwandashan

National Nature Reserve Administration, Fangchenggang 535500, China)

Abstract:To explore the function of the gene Bx-TIMP during Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infecting Pinus sp., Bx-TIMP was cloned and analyzed, then the gene was silenced by RNAi and vitrificated. The transmembrane domain and signal peptide of the protein encoded by Bx-TIMP was analyzed by TMHMM 2.0 server and SignalP 4.1 Server. The expression site of the gene in B. ylophilus was determined by in-situ hybridization. By silencing the gene with RNAi, the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus to P. koraiensis was analyzed. The gene had a total length of 363 bp and encoded 120 amino acids. The protein encoded by Bx-TIMP had a transmembrane domain and signal peptide and the results of in-situ hybridization showed that the gene was expressed in the esophageal gland of B. xylophilus, which accorded with the characteristics of effectors. The symptoms of P. koraiensis in Bx-TIMP-RNAi group were significantly weaker than those in the control group. This study showed that Bx-TIMP was an effector gene, which was related to the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus. This study revealed that Bx-TIMP gene is the key gene of B. xylophilus endangering pine trees, which provided a theoretical basis for further clarifying the pathogenesis of B. xylophilus and laying a theoretical foundation for the development of control technology of B. xylophilus.

Keywords:Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; pathogenicity; effect factor; Pinus koraiensis; RNAi

0 引言

與寄主互作時,病原分泌效應因子抑制寄主模式識別受體(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)識別病原相關分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs)而觸發(fā)的先天免疫,促進病原成功侵染寄主。植物寄生線蟲(plant parasitic nematodes,PPNs)通過口針將食道腺體分泌的效應因子導入寄主細胞中,以完成寄生過程并從寄主細胞中獲取營養(yǎng)。效應因子有助于線蟲在寄主體內成功取食、繁殖和遷移,促進線蟲侵染和寄生。目前,線蟲效應因子的研究大都集中在固著性內寄生線蟲:胞囊線蟲(Heterodera sp.)和根結線蟲(Meloidogyne sp.)中。

松材線蟲(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是引起松樹萎蔫?。╬ine wilt disease,PWD)的一種遷徙性內寄生線蟲。松樹萎蔫病是對松樹極具破壞性的病害之一,導致每年約500萬m3的木材損失。在中國,松材線蟲最早于1982年在南京中山陵發(fā)現。松材線蟲與寄主植物的互作是由食道腺分泌的效應因子介導的,一些已知的效應因子可以修飾寄主植物的細胞,促進松材線蟲營養(yǎng)物質的攝入以維持生長和發(fā)育,還有一些效應因子可以改變寄主植物的信號通路,抑制植物的防御反應。對松材線蟲效應因子的研究對了解寄生機制和開發(fā)新的松材線蟲的防治措施具有重要意義。

根據實驗室前期研究結果,通過轉錄組數據分析篩選到效應因子組織金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)基因Bx-TIMP。TIMPs是一個保守的蛋白家族,是基質蛋白的特異性抑制劑,主要有4種亞型(TIMP-1、TIMP-2、TIMP-3和TIMP-4)。TIMPs整體呈楔形,可直接與MMPs的活性間隙1∶1結合發(fā)揮效應,調節(jié)MMPs的活性,其N端和C端結構域分別由125和65個氨基酸構成,每個氨基酸都包含3個保守的二硫鍵,其中N端結構域的單獨單元折疊是發(fā)揮抑制MMPs效應的主要結構。哺乳動物TIMPs已被證明在體外和器官培養(yǎng)系統中負調控基質金屬蛋白酶的活性,也負調控體外聚蛋白多糖酶的活性。目前,尚未見松材線蟲TIMPs研究報道。本研究探究Bx-TIMP基因在松材線蟲致病過程中的功能,為進一步明確松材線蟲致病機理提供理論依據,為研發(fā)松材線蟲的防治技術奠定理論基礎。

1 材料與方法

1.1 Bx-TIMP基因克隆及分析

Trizol法提取松材線蟲總RNA,并通過反轉錄試劑盒獲得松材線蟲cDNA。根據轉錄組測序結果設計涵蓋Bx-TIMP完整編碼蛋白區(qū)(coding sequence,CDS)的PCR引物,(Bx-TIMP-F序列:5′-CGCGAAAATCGTCAACCTCG-3′;Bx-TIMP-R序列:5′-GCGGTGCTGTTCAATTCCTC-3′)以植食松材線蟲cDNA為模板進行PCR擴增,擴增產物進行TA克隆,克隆后的基因產物送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司測序。

應用TMHMM 2.0 server對Bx-TIMP編碼蛋白質進行跨膜結構域的預測,應用SignalP 4.1 Server進行Bx-TIMP信號肽分析。

1.2 Bx-TIMP原位雜交

提取含有相應目的片段的質粒,應用Roche DIG RNA Labeling Kit (SP6/T7)分別合成正義及反義RNA探針。應用DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit I (Roche)進行雜交及信號檢測。將雜交顯影后制成的玻片置于Olympus BX51顯微鏡下拍照。

1.3 Bx-TIMP RNAi及接種驗證

用浸泡法對松材線蟲進行RNAi干擾。準備10 000條松材線蟲(混合蟲齡),以Bx-TIMP基因的siRNA(5′-AUAUUCCGCAAAGUCCAUCCUCGGC -3′)浸泡處理后,用M9緩沖液清洗回收線蟲,為Bx-TIMP-RNAi組。無靶基因序列siRNA(5′-AGGAGCUGUUCACCGGGGUGGUGCCCAUCCU -3′)處理的線蟲為CK組。每組設3個重復。應用GoTaq2-Step RT-qPCR System試劑盒,分別提取Bx-TIMP-RNAi組及CK組線蟲總RNA進行Q-PCR擴增(Pri-R:5′-TCTGCCCACTACGGTCTACA-3′;Pri-F:5′-ACCCCCAGTATTTTCATCTCTGA-3′),驗證基因沉默效果,兩獨立樣本t檢驗差異顯著性。

用Bx-TIMP-RNAi組線蟲、CK組線蟲和ddH2O分別接種于紅松(Pinus koraiensis)3年生松苗,處理后連續(xù)觀察癥狀并拍照記錄。

2 結果與分析

2.1 Bx-TIMP基因克隆及結構域分析

TRIzol法提取松材線蟲總RNA,0.8%凝膠電泳檢測RNeasy Minikit column(Qiagen, cat. No. 74 104)純化后的RNA如圖1(a)所示,純度由BioPhotometer D30(Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany)鑒定,OD值(OD260/OD280=1.9,OD260/OD230>1.7)符合要求。

以植食線蟲總RNA反轉錄為cDNA模板進行PCR擴增,擴增產物TA克隆后獲得基因產物送由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司進行測序,測序得到Bx-TIMP基因片段長度363 bp,如圖1(b)所示。

在NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information)中比對同源序列,如圖1(c)所示,篩選到12條同源序列的保守結構域分析均為TIMP結構域,如圖1(d)所示。以擬禾本科根結線蟲(Meloidogyne graminicola)為內參,方頭恐猛蟻(Dinoponera quadriceps)為外參,以這12條同源序列構建系統發(fā)育樹,如圖1(e)所示。

進一步對該基因信號肽及結構域進行驗證,結果表明,Bx-TIMP編碼的蛋白質具有信號肽(圖2(a))和跨膜結構域(圖2(b)),均符合效應因子特征。

2.2 Bx-TIMP原位雜交

原位雜交結果顯示在線蟲食道腺上檢測到Bx-TIMP基因信號標記(圖3)。線蟲的食道腺、性腺和側尾腺是線蟲效應因子分泌部位,以食道腺為主, Bx-TIMP原位雜交結果表示該基因符合線蟲效應因子基因表達特點。

2.3 Bx-TIMP RNAi及接種驗證

使用熒光顯微鏡檢測RNAi組線蟲體內由FAM標記的dsRNA,松材線蟲通體顯示綠色熒光,表明dsRNA已成功進入線蟲體內(圖4(a))。Q-PCR檢測顯示,RNAi組Bx-TIMP基因表達下調(圖4(b))說明Bx-TIMP基因RNAi效果顯著,CK組無明顯變化。

根據接種后紅松發(fā)病情況(圖4(c)),連續(xù)觀察1~33 d,直至33 d觀察結束,RNAi組癥狀為少數松樹針葉局部褪綠,病株均仍未完全枯萎死亡。CK組癥狀為所有針葉黃化。ddH2O處理組紅松無癥狀。

3 結論與討論

本研究通過克隆TIMPs相關基因Bx-TIMP并進行分析,該基因編碼的蛋白質具有跨膜結構域及信號肽,原位雜交試驗表明該基因于松材線蟲食道腺中表達。將該基因沉默后,松材線蟲對紅松的致病性降低。因此確定該基因為效應因子基因,該基因編碼的效應因子可促進松材線蟲侵染松樹。

TIMPs除了抑制MMPs活性還有其他作用,如生長因子活性、類固醇生成和細胞形態(tài)調節(jié)。秀麗線蟲(Caenorhabditis elegans)通過TIMP-1調節(jié)性腺發(fā)育促進其繁殖。Bx-TIMP為組織金屬蛋白酶抑制劑(TIMPs)基因,可能通過特異性抑制植物基質金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)活性對植物防御反應產生影響,但該基因影響松材線蟲致病性的作用機理還需深入研究。本研究通過RNAi技術沉默該基因后接種紅松驗證其功能,Bx-TIMP基因沉默后松材線蟲的致病性降低,表明該基因與松材線蟲致病性有關,結合效應因子在松材線蟲抑制植物防御反應中的重要作用可知,Bx-TIMP在松材線蟲致病性中起關鍵作用,能夠成為松材線蟲防治的靶標基因,有效降低松材線蟲致病性,為松材線蟲的防治提供理論基礎。

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