——以《抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的中國(guó)行動(dòng)》白皮書為例"/>
姜雪
(山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)經(jīng)貿(mào)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院,山西太原 030006)
《抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的中國(guó)行動(dòng)》是由中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,于2020年6月7日發(fā)表的白皮書。它真實(shí)地記錄了中國(guó)人民抗疫的艱辛歷程,傳遞了中國(guó)堅(jiān)持人民至上、生命至上的思想理念。為傳遞好中國(guó)聲音、樹立好中國(guó)形象,翻譯時(shí)需要譯者做到精準(zhǔn)、謹(jǐn)慎。本文以此白皮書為例,通過(guò)中英文本的對(duì)比,學(xué)習(xí)其行文、表達(dá),了解翻譯這種政治文本時(shí)可以采取的翻譯方法和翻譯技巧。
2.1.1
音譯
2月10日,中共中央總書記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平在北京調(diào)研指導(dǎo)新冠肺炎疫情防控工作,并通過(guò)視頻連線武漢市收治新冠肺炎患者的金銀潭醫(yī)院、協(xié)和醫(yī)院、火神山醫(yī)院,…… (中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.63)
February 10: Xi Jinping inspected prevention and control work in Beijing. He also talked by video link to doctors from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Union Hospital and Huoshenshan Hospital where novel coronavirus patients were being treated. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020,para.84)
對(duì)于一些專有名詞進(jìn)行英譯時(shí)最直接的辦法就是音譯,如金銀潭醫(yī)院譯為Jinyintan Hospital;而像火神山醫(yī)院這樣富有中國(guó)文化內(nèi)涵的名詞,它的名字蘊(yùn)含了中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)中的五行,因此采用音譯的辦法既可以避免令不了解中國(guó)文化的外國(guó)人誤會(huì),又可以向他們表明這是一個(gè)富有中國(guó)文化內(nèi)涵的詞匯。
2.1.2
直譯
(1)2月2日開始,在中央指導(dǎo)組指導(dǎo)下,…… (中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.53)
February 2: Under the guidance of the Central Steering Group, ... (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020, para.72)
(2)全國(guó)各省、市、縣成立由黨政主要負(fù)責(zé)人掛帥的應(yīng)急指揮機(jī)制,自上而下構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一指揮、一線指導(dǎo)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)的應(yīng)急決策指揮體系。(中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.143)
Emergency command mechanisms headed by leading Party and government officials were established in provinces, cities and counties across the country, forming a top-down system with unified command, frontline guidance, and coordination between departments and among provinces. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020,para.190)
對(duì)于一些組織機(jī)構(gòu),如中央指導(dǎo)組,還有一些和疫情相關(guān)的術(shù)語(yǔ),如應(yīng)急指揮機(jī)制等,采用直譯的方法既簡(jiǎn)潔,又便于理解。
2.1.3
意譯
2月3日,中央指導(dǎo)組從全國(guó)調(diào)集22支國(guó)家緊急醫(yī)學(xué)救援隊(duì),在武漢市建設(shè)方艙醫(yī)院。(中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.56)
February 3: The Central Steering Group sent to Wuhan 22 national emergency medical teams from all over China, and gave the order to construct temporary treatment centers. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020, para.75)
為應(yīng)對(duì)此次疫情,武漢專門建立了“方艙醫(yī)院”,它不同于戰(zhàn)時(shí)或抗震救災(zāi)時(shí)啟用的野戰(zhàn)移動(dòng)類醫(yī)院,這次所建的方艙醫(yī)院是位于固定地點(diǎn)的、由大型場(chǎng)館改建而來(lái)的。因此在英譯時(shí)不能采用以往的譯法,如cabin hospital,而應(yīng)采用意譯的方法,譯為temporary treatment centers,更能闡釋清楚其內(nèi)涵意義。
2.2.1
增譯
及時(shí)主動(dòng)向世界衛(wèi)生組織以及美國(guó)等國(guó)家通報(bào)疫情信息,向世界公布新型冠狀病毒基因組序列。(中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.8)
In a timely manner, China informed the WHO and other countries, including the US,of the developing situation, and released the genome sequence of the novel coronavirus. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020, para.9)
中文里常會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種無(wú)主句的,在翻譯時(shí)要添加上適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ),以便更好地傳達(dá)出原文的思想。
2.2.2
轉(zhuǎn)換
武漢地區(qū)出現(xiàn)局部社區(qū)傳播和聚集性病例,其他地區(qū)開始出現(xiàn)武漢關(guān)聯(lián)確診病例,中國(guó)全面展開疫情防控。(中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.8)
After community spread and clusters of cases emerged in Wuhan, and confirmed cases were reported in other Chinese regions, which were due to virus carriers traveling from the city,a nationwide program of epidemic prevention and control was launched. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020, para.9)
由于英漢語(yǔ)言差異,中文多主動(dòng),英文多被動(dòng),在翻譯時(shí)要將主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句,這樣更符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
2.2.3
分譯
武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委在官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)布《關(guān)于當(dāng)前我市肺炎疫情的情況通報(bào)》,發(fā)現(xiàn)27例病例,提示公眾盡量避免到封閉、空氣不流通的公眾場(chǎng)合和人多集中地方,外出可佩戴口罩。(中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室,2020,para.11)
The WCHC website carried its Information Circular on the Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan,confirming 27 cases and urging the public to stay away from enclosed public places with poor ventilation and venues where large crowds gathered. The commission also suggested the use of face masks when going out. (The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, 2020, para.13)
為了更清楚地表達(dá)原文的意思,在翻譯時(shí)需要對(duì)原來(lái)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。分譯法就是要把原文的某個(gè)成分從原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來(lái),譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句。由于中文注重意合,英文注重形合,所以當(dāng)處理這種長(zhǎng)的中文句式時(shí),可以適當(dāng)進(jìn)行拆分,便于理解。
本文以《抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的中國(guó)行動(dòng)》白皮書為語(yǔ)料,選取了相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行歸納,總結(jié)出在翻譯時(shí)會(huì)用到音譯、直譯、意譯的翻譯方法,以及增譯、轉(zhuǎn)換、分譯的翻譯技巧。中英文分屬不同語(yǔ)系,各自的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)給翻譯帶來(lái)了不小的挑戰(zhàn)。此外,由于政治文本的特殊性,譯者不可隨意更改,應(yīng)盡量忠實(shí)原文。本文的不足之處在于,只選取了很小的一部分進(jìn)行政治文本語(yǔ)料分析,總結(jié)有可能不到位,不夠全面。希望相關(guān)研究者能繼續(xù)深入地探索、發(fā)掘。