湖北 羅正禮

隨著新高考的全面鋪開，高中英語教學越來越重視培養(yǎng)學生在具體語境中的語用能力。因此，高三英語一輪復習課就不能只是對原有知識進行簡單的回顧與再現(xiàn)，而應(yīng)是在“三語（語境、語篇、語用）”原則下對原有知識的強化、內(nèi)化和系統(tǒng)化。本節(jié)一輪復習課嘗試以單元主題“文學與藝術(shù)”為基并結(jié)合思維導圖、小組學習來建構(gòu)分層詞匯體系，從而使知識結(jié)構(gòu)化、條理化、情景化；再依托“高考真題變式”實現(xiàn)由詞到句，由句到篇的語用操練及遷移運用，從而達到高考總體能力的要求，達成“提高語言能力、提升思維品質(zhì)、增進文化意識、培養(yǎng)學習能力”的英語學科核心目標。

一、活用文本語篇，激活主題情境

在進行高三英語一輪單元復習時，要靈活運用文本語篇，采取適當?shù)慕虒W形式，實現(xiàn)語篇導入，激活單元主題語境。高中英語人教版教材選修六Unit 1 Art 主要介紹的是西方繪畫簡史和曼哈頓最好的藝術(shù)畫廊。筆者在帶領(lǐng)學生復習文本語篇后將全班分成了六個小組，并要求各組復述介紹語篇的一個版塊。具體而言，筆者要求各組分別復述介紹以下六個版塊：1.The Middle Ages；2.The Renaissance；3.Impressionism；4.Modern Art；5.Guggenheim Museum & Metropolitan Museum of Art；6.Museum of Modern Art & Whitney Museum of American Art。各組組內(nèi)同學在相互復述介紹板塊內(nèi)容后選派一名同學向全班復述介紹。這種復述介紹文本的方法既可以避免單元復習時的機械重復，又能調(diào)動學生的積極性，快速激活單元話題語境。

二、運用思維導圖，建構(gòu)詞匯體系

《普通高中英語課程標準（2017年版2020年修訂）》（以下簡稱《課程標準》）指出：“詞匯學習不是單純的詞語記憶，也不是獨立的詞語操練，而是結(jié)合具體主題，在特定語境下開展的綜合性語言實踐活動?！闭Z境是詞匯教學的核心要素，只有在語境中單詞才有生命力；而詞塊是詞匯學習的最好單位，記憶時整體輸入，運用時整體輸出；新課程理念強調(diào)“用英語做事”，所以高三英語一輪復習時的詞匯學習是在記憶的基礎(chǔ)上不斷運用，從而強化語感，遷移詞匯運用能力，最終達到內(nèi)化?；谝陨侠砟?，筆者嘗試培養(yǎng)學生以小組為單位構(gòu)建主題語境詞匯思維導圖并互學難點詞匯及詞塊。

具體而言，筆者在激活單元話題語境后，要求學生以小組為單位構(gòu)建本單元主題語境詞匯思維導圖從而使知識結(jié)構(gòu)化、條理化。高中英語人教版教材選修六Unit 1 Art的單元主題是藝術(shù)，屬于《課程標準》中“人與社會”這一主題語境下“文學、藝術(shù)與體育”主題群，所以筆者要求學生以小組為單位自主構(gòu)建以藝術(shù)為主題的詞匯思維導圖，具體如下：

答案（根據(jù)學生小組構(gòu)建思維導圖適當引導并補充）：

Painting art:realistic, abstract, gallery, renaissance, perspective, technique, impression, impressionist, post-impressionist, landscape,exhibition, drawing,figure,shadow, brush painting, religious, color, line, shape...

Other kinds: clay, bronze, marble, carve, sculpture, sculptor, statue, calligraphy, ceramics, china, embroidery, architecture, street art, performance art, hand-painted art, clothing art, graffiti...

Effects & comments:represent, symbol, stand for,break away from, classic, vivid, refresh, contemporary, conventional,controversial, visual, fragile, delicate, fantastic, superb, memorable, masterpiece, masterwork,be typical of, lay foundation for,appeal,appeal to, appealing,adopt,live up to one’s reputation, be aimed at,attempt to,a great deal of,be on exhibition/display,have a preference for,figure out...

在構(gòu)建完單元主題語境詞匯思維導圖后，要求學生從一詞多義、辨析義、詞義活用等方面選擇部分重點單詞借助詞典自學與互學；從寫作應(yīng)用角度選擇部分重點詞塊借助詞典進行自學與互學。

1.一詞多義單詞：_________________________________________________________________________(2～3個）

2.辨析義單詞：___________________________________________________________________________(2～3組）

3.寫作重點詞塊：________________________________________________________________________(5～10個）

參考答案：（根據(jù)各小組互學所給出的答案適當引導并補充）

1.figure, appeal

2.shadow/shade; adopt/adapt; controversial/contradictory

3.figure out, a great deal of, break away from, live up to one’s reputation, have a preference for, appeal to, sb.be in possession of, be on display/exhibition, attempt to, be typical of

針對以上重點單詞和詞塊在教學時間允許的情況下，可以進一步引導學生以小組為單位進行思維導圖的構(gòu)建并講解；這樣詞匯復習會更立體、更情景化、更有助于學生對于詞匯的內(nèi)涵及外延的掌握。

三、重組高考真題，變式遷移訓練

《課程標準》強調(diào)“用英語做事”“詞匯學習是在特定語境下開展的綜合性語言實踐活動”；而對高三學生而言歷年高考真題是最有價值的語篇及語境，所以用好、用活真題將對高三英語一輪復習大有裨益。筆者在本節(jié)復習課中嘗試整合重組、變式靈活運用高考真題，把一輪復習的過程變成與高考鏈接的過程，在“高考英語真題變式”語境中實現(xiàn)由詞到句，由句到篇的語用操練及遷移運用。筆者的具體教學流程如下：

1.變式運用高考例句，突破一詞多義及辨析義（詞匯內(nèi)涵及外延層面）

語境是詞匯教學的核心要素，只有在語境中單詞才有生命力。在構(gòu)建完單元主題語境詞匯思維導圖并借助詞典自學、互學重點詞匯及詞塊后，筆者向?qū)W生提供歷年高考英語真題例句，要求學生在例句語境中鞏固重點詞匯及詞塊。

練習1：根據(jù)句意寫出figure 的最佳釋義。

______1.As for my favoritefigurein Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.（2016年高考英語北京卷書面表達）

______2.Your house may have an effect on yourfigure.（2015年高考英語全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B 篇）

______3.It’s important for thefiguresto be updated regularly.（2011年高考英語北京卷單項填空25 題）

答案：1.人物；2.身材，體形；3.數(shù)據(jù)

練習2：根據(jù)句意寫出appeal 的最佳釋義。

______4.Besides, businesses seek toappealto customers’ senses.（2015年高考英語重慶卷閱讀理解B 篇）

______5.Certainly, reality TV seems toappeal much more to the younger audience.（2008年高考英語上海卷）

______6.So in 1887, sheappealedto the Manitoba Legislature（立法機關(guān)）to issue a license to her but they, too, refused.（2014年高考英語山東卷）

______7.What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection andappealto more people to care for our earth companies.（2011年高考英語重慶卷）

答案：4.激發(fā)；5.吸引；6.上訴，申訴；7.呼吁

練習3：根據(jù)段意選出最佳單詞。

shadow/shade, adopt/adapt, controversial/contradictory

The famous film Harry Potter was8from J.K.Rowling’s books, in which a young couple9an orphan who had a great deal of magic.Harry wanted to walk out of his parents’10, there was no escape, though.Although this movie brought about many11issues, it really made a big hit at that time.

答案：8.adapted；9.adopted；10.shadow；11.controversial

2.變式運用高考作文范文，強化詞塊及句式活用（詞塊及句式活用層面）

詞塊是詞匯學習的最好單位，記憶時整體輸入，運用時整體輸出；所以在引導及幫助學生歸納提煉單元重點詞塊及句式后，筆者及時提供高考真題（2017年高考英語全國卷Ⅱ書面表達）變式運用語境來鍛煉學生的整體輸出能力。

練習4：運用本單元所學詞塊及句式翻譯下列句子。

A.如果你接受我的邀請，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)剪紙名不虛傳。 （if 虛擬+live up to one’s reputation）

__________________________________________________

B.要是沒有它，你將不能更好地理解中國文化。（without 虛擬+ figure out）

__________________________________________________

C.在許多傳統(tǒng)中國藝術(shù)形式中，歷史悠久的剪紙藝術(shù)將嘗試提供給你一場視覺盛宴。（表語前置+attempt to）

__________________________________________________

D.令人吃驚的是如此多的優(yōu)秀剪紙作品將會被在相同的地方展覽。（it 形式主語+on exhibition）

__________________________________________________

答案：

A.If you should take my invitation into account, you would find paper-cutting lives up to its reputation.

B.Without it/that, you would not be able to figure out Chinese culture better.

C.Among various traditional Chinese art forms is the time-honoured paper-cutting, which will attempt to provide an art feast to you.

D.It is amazing that so many great works of paper-cutting will be on exhibition in the same place.

練習5：將上面四句話分別填入下文空格處，使短文語義完整。

（2017年高考英語全國卷Ⅱ書面表達）

Dear Henry,

I’m Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class.Knowing that youhave a preference forChinese culture, I can’t wait to invite you to attend a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.______________________________________1_____________________________.

The exhibition, the theme of which is“beauty of China”, will take place in the school hall from 2 to 5 on the afternoon of June 21.Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have somevaluablesets of paper-cutting created by several famous artists of this field._________________2_______________Additionally, there will be anappealinglecture about the history of paper-cutting.________________3________________________.

______________________4________________.I’m looking forward to your early reply.

Best wishes!

Li Hua

答案：1.C；2.D；3.B；4.A

3.變式運用高考作文題目，實現(xiàn)遷移運用（語篇活用層面）

新版課標強調(diào)教師要充分利用語篇資源并圍繞學生感興趣的主題或話題來設(shè)置語言表達任務(wù)，讓學生在主題表達中有意或無意地運用所學。所以筆者進一步變式運用高考真題來為學生創(chuàng)設(shè)語用情境。

練習6：遷移運用（提綱+開放式內(nèi)容）。

（2019年高考英語天津卷，書面表達，改編）假設(shè)你是晨光中學的李津，英國友好校下月將派教師來你校參加為期一周的交流活動。在活動前，英方教師Chris 非常想了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的：_____________，請你根據(jù)以下提示給她寫封郵件。內(nèi)容包括：

1.小組從下面?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中選擇一個主題：

Chinese knot 中國結(jié)，brush painting 水墨畫，

Chinese calligraphy 書法，Tang poetry 唐詩；

2.簡要介紹該傳統(tǒng)文化的歷史、形式、意義等；

3.仿照上面范文，盡量利用本單元的重點單詞、詞塊及句式。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100 左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

Dear Chris,

I am Li Jin, a student of Chenguang High School.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Jin

答案：略（對比評價兩篇學生習作）

4.變式運用高考閱讀文本，強化主題語境（同主題語境層面）

練習7：2019年高考英語全國卷Ⅲ閱讀理解B 篇（同主題語境訓練）

For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.

“It’s no secret that China has always been a source（來源）of inspiration for designers,”says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (時尚) shows.

Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with theaim ofexploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics ( 美 學)on Western fashion and how China hasfueledthe fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition hadrecord attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

“China is impossible to overlook,”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu aretaking onGalliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—andbeating them hands downin design and sales,” adds Hill.

For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China asthe leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says.“China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, itsbreathtakingclothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

______________________________________________

2.詞匯語境活用：

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：①inspire (v.)— (n.)________

②attend (v.)— (n.)________

③ fashion (n.)— (adj.)________

近義替換：①with the aim of =________

② take on =________

③breathtaking________

熟詞生義：① fuel________

② record attendance________

③ beating them hands down________

3.情景仿寫：

It is impossible not totalk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.

___________________________________________________

4.Critical thinking: What’s your feeling about Chinese culture?

____________________________________________________

答案：

1.Main idea&title:Chinese culture fuels international fashion trends.

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：①inspiration ②attendant ③fashionable

近義替換：①with the intention of/with the objective of ②compete against/fight against ③astonishing/impressive/exciting

熟詞生義：①加劇，刺激 ②破紀錄的出席人數(shù) ③毫不費力地打敗某人

3.情景仿寫：It is impossible not to talk about China when talking about silk.

4.略（任何合理的答案均可）

總之，高三英語一輪復習必須重視培養(yǎng)學生在具體語境中的語用能力，教師要提供或是幫助搭建語境腳手架以讓學生強化、內(nèi)化、系統(tǒng)化所學知識，并利用好高考真題，在高考真題語境中訓練學生的詞匯、詞塊及句式的語用能力，最終在話題遷移中實現(xiàn)遷移輸出，提升學生的英語能力及英語學科核心素養(yǎng)。