區(qū)卓越,趙峰,黃國(guó)權(quán),孫曉翠
摘要:云計(jì)算是一種提供網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算資源和服務(wù)的新型網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用方式。許多管理人員和專家認(rèn)為,它可以改善醫(yī)療保健服務(wù),促進(jìn)醫(yī)療保健研究,并改變健康信息技術(shù)的面貌。國(guó)外和國(guó)內(nèi)的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)大力推行信息化建設(shè),隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及,在一定程度上實(shí)現(xiàn)了醫(yī)療信息共享,但是醫(yī)院與患者之間并沒(méi)有建立真正意義的信息共享。醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)采用云計(jì)算服務(wù),可以整合醫(yī)院的各項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù),將信息存儲(chǔ)在云端的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,醫(yī)生或者患者都可以登錄云端,獲取自己所需要的信息資料。該文闡述了云計(jì)算的基本概念,論述了云計(jì)算的基本服務(wù)架構(gòu)和模型,分析了云計(jì)算在國(guó)內(nèi)外醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)中的地位與應(yīng)用,介紹了不同的云計(jì)算醫(yī)療服務(wù)應(yīng)用,概括了圍繞云計(jì)算和不同醫(yī)療服務(wù)所展開(kāi)的相關(guān)研究工作。
關(guān)鍵詞:保健;電子健康記錄;云計(jì)算;生物信息學(xué);醫(yī)療服務(wù)
中圖分類號(hào):TP391? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2021)21-0004-03
開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Research Survey of Cloud Computing in Improving Health Care Services
OU Zhuo-yue1, ZHAO Feng3, HUANG Guo-quan1,SUN Xiao-cui1,2*
(1.Department of Computer Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;2.Medicinal Information and Real World Engineering Technology Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3.China Railway Engineering Consulting Group CO., LTD, Beijing 100071, China)
Abstract: Cloud computing is a new network application mode that provides network computing resources and services. Many managers and experts believe that it can improve health care services, promote health care research, and change the appearance of health information technology. Foreign and domestic medical institutions vigorously promote information construction. With the popularization of network technology, medical information sharing has been achieved to a certain extent, but the real information sharing between hospitals and patients has not been established. By using cloud computing services, medical institutions can integrate various businesses of the hospital. Doctors or patients can log in to the cloud to obtain the information they need that stored in the database in the cloud. This paper expounds the basic concept of cloud computing, discusses the basic service architecture and model of cloud computing, analyzes the status and application of cloud computing in medical care services at home and abroad, introduces different applications of cloud computing medical services, and summarizes the relevant research work around cloud computing and different medical services.
Key words: healthcare; electronic health records; cloud computing; bioinformatics; medical services
1 引言
云計(jì)算是指一種按需自取的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,允許用戶隨時(shí)隨地訪問(wèn)計(jì)算資源。它并不是一種新型技術(shù),只是一種新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算資源交易模式。常用的非醫(yī)療保健應(yīng)用程序示例包括Microsoft Hotmail和Google Docs,而一些知名的醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用程序包括微軟健康保險(xiǎn)庫(kù)和曾經(jīng)的谷歌健康平臺(tái)。與傳統(tǒng)計(jì)算相比,該模型提供了三大新優(yōu)勢(shì):按需提供大量計(jì)算資源,消除了用戶的預(yù)先承諾,可根據(jù)需要支付短期使用費(fèi)。許多研究學(xué)者研究了云計(jì)算在工業(yè)、商業(yè)、交通、教育和國(guó)家安全方面的應(yīng)用。與任何其他服務(wù)運(yùn)營(yíng)一樣,醫(yī)療保健需要持續(xù)、系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新,以保持成本效益、效率和及時(shí)性,并提供高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。許多管理者和專家預(yù)測(cè)云計(jì)算可以改善醫(yī)療保健服務(wù),促進(jìn)醫(yī)療保健研究,并改變信息技術(shù)(IT)的面貌[1]。例如,文獻(xiàn)[2]認(rèn)為,云計(jì)算可以降低電子健康記錄(EHR)的啟動(dòng)費(fèi)用,這些費(fèi)用有硬件、軟件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、人員和許可費(fèi)等。文獻(xiàn)[3]的研究表明,在生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)界,云計(jì)算可以加強(qiáng)共享數(shù)據(jù)和應(yīng)用程序的結(jié)合。生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究數(shù)據(jù)管理和分析中的主要問(wèn)題是數(shù)據(jù)處理問(wèn)題、復(fù)雜性以及昂貴或不可用的計(jì)算研究問(wèn)題。幾項(xiàng)信息學(xué)創(chuàng)新表明,云計(jì)算有潛力克服這些困難[4]。盡管將云計(jì)算應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療保健相關(guān)服務(wù)中有許多好處,但也存在一些管理、技術(shù)、安全和法律方面的問(wèn)題有待解決。本文的目的是討論云計(jì)算的概念以及當(dāng)前云計(jì)算在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用和地位。