李曉夢
在初中階段,同學們已經(jīng)學習了許多特殊疑問句,而在特殊疑問句中,疑問詞how引導(dǎo)的句式又是重點和難點之一。其中how開頭的句型考查,頻繁出現(xiàn)在中考題中,下面結(jié)合典型中考題對其作一梳理。
考點1:How …!用于感嘆句的考查
【連線中考】
1. —people choose high-speed train or self-driving to travel on holidays.
— fast the traditional travel ways change! (2020·安徽·合肥)
A. What a ? ? ? ? ? ? B. How C. What ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. How a
2. important it is for kids to imagine freely! (2020·山西·太原)
A. What ? ? ? ? ? B. How ? ? ? ? ? ? C. How an ? ? ? ? ? D. What an
【知識加油站】以how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,how是副詞,主要用來修飾其后面的形容詞或副詞。由how開頭引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有:
(1) How +形容詞+主語+謂語+?。?)How+副詞+主語+謂語+!。如:
How hot pt is! 天氣多熱啊!
How well he draws! 他畫得多好??!
考點2:How … ?問句用于交際用語及應(yīng)答的考查
【連線中考】
3. — do they like to study? (2020·寧夏·銀川)
—They like to study in groups.
A. When ? ? ? B. Why ? ? ? C. How ? ? D. Where
4. —Andy, I wonder the new sports clothes.(2020·山東·青島)
— Of course by credit card.
A. what you paid for ? B. how you paid for ? C. why you paid for
5. —Excuse me , could you please tell me the Science Museum?
— Sure, Go along the street and turn left. Ir’s next to Bank of China.
A. when I can get to ? ? ? B. when can I get to
C.how I can get to ? ? ? D. how can I get to
【知識加油站】How … ? 引出的句式有多種用法。如:(1)How do you do ? 用于初次見面時的問候語。(2)How ?are you? 用于熟人之間的常用問候語。(3)How old are you? / How old is he /she? 用于詢問年齡,相當于What’s your age? (4) How …? 用于詢問方式、方法。(5)How’s the weather …? 用于詢問天氣,相當于What’s the weather like …? (6) How do you like …? 用于詢問對某人或某物的看法等??捎帽沓潭鹊脑~,如:very much, a little , not …at all (一點也不喜歡)等問答。
考點3:How ?about… ?用于建議或請求的考查
【連線中考】
6.How about to the cinema on Sunday? (2020·天津)
A. go ? ? B. to go
C. going ? ? ? D. will go
【知識加油站】How about 相當于 What about …?用于“征求對方意見、詢問消息”“向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蚪ㄗh”“問及某人的身體狀況”等。其中about 是介詞,后接名詞、代詞,其后若跟動詞,必須是v.-ing 形式。美國人習慣用How about …?來代替What about …? 而What about …? 相當于“What do you think about…?”
考點4:How ?much… ?與How many… ? “多少”的考查
【連線中考】
7. —I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens. (2020·山東·濟南)
— days would you be at sea? Homesick?
A. How long ? ? ? ? B. How many
C. ?How much ? ? ? D. How soon
8. — Do you know a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?
— I guess it’s about ?4000.(2020·上海)
A. how fast ? ? ? ? ? B. how long
C. how soon ? ? ? ? ? D. how much
【知識加油站】how many或 how much 提問“數(shù)量”。 how many后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), how much后加不可數(shù)名詞。 ?how much也可用于詢問“價格(錢)”。詢問商品的價錢時,how much后的動詞用 is 還是are ,由句子主語的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定。在對價格提問時,有些句式中How much 可與What互換。如:
How much / What does it cost?(這個多少錢?)詢問價格還可用 What’s the price of …?等句型。
相關(guān)鏈接:How many …?常常與 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合在一起。對there be 句型中主語的限定數(shù)量語,如some, a, only one等提問時,如果主語是可數(shù)名詞,不管主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,因為問話的人不知道數(shù)量,且many后只能跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,所以be 一定要用are。用How many 提問時注意不要去掉are there。即用“How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+時間(或地點)狀語”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
There is a girl in the tree. ?(對劃線部分提問)
→How many girls are there in the tree?
考點5:How ?far… ?與How long… ? 辨析的考查
【連線中考】
9. — have you studied in this school?
— For nearly three years. (2020·陜西·西安)
A. How often
B. How far
C. How much
D. How long
10. — is it from your house to the bookstore?
—It’s about fifteen minutes’walk. (2020·黑龍江·哈爾濱)
A .How long ? B. How far ? C .How often
【知識加油站】how far 意為“多遠”,同移動性動詞連用,一般對距離提問,側(cè)重于“有多遠”。how long 用于詢問“做某事花費(占用)某人一些時間”,意為“多久”“多長時間” 。how long(多久),主要用來詢問某個動作或狀態(tài)所持續(xù)的時間。用在現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、一般將來時等時態(tài)的句子中。 how long在對句子帶有for或 since 等表示持續(xù)性的時間狀語提問時,謂語動詞不能是終止性動詞。how long也用于對物體“長度”進行提問。
考點6:How ?often… ?與How soon… ? 辨析的考查
【連線中考】
11. — will you finish writing the review of the lndian movie Dangal?
— In tow days. (2020·重慶)
A. How far ? ? ? ? ? ? B. How often
C. How soon ? ? ? ? ? D. How long
12. —Millie , do you take the course in DIY?
—Every Saturday afternoon. (2020·江蘇·南京)
A. how long B. how far
C. how much ? D. how often
【知識加油站】how often , how soon短語都可譯為“多(久)……”, how often常用于詢問某動作在單位時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的次數(shù),是對頻度時間狀語提問的短語。頻度時間狀語可以是 often, usually, always, sometimes, never等副詞,也可以是 once a week, three times a month等副詞短語。與 how often相似的短語 how many times (多少次), 后面常跟限定的時間,如:how many times a week /a day / a month /a year,并且要回答出次數(shù)。 how soon(多久)主要用來詢問某個動作在多久的將來發(fā)生,是對時間多久提問的詞語。它常用在將來時態(tài)中,并且用 in短語(表示再過多長時間)回答。
參考答案:1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D