王靜
[關(guān)鍵詞] 康復(fù)護(hù)理;小兒重癥病毒性腦炎;癥狀/體征消退時間;生存狀態(tài)
[中圖分類號] R473.5? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)21-0170-03
Effect observation and clinical value of rehabilitation nursing in the nursing of children with severe viral encephalitis
WANG Jing
Endoscope Room,Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Tai′an? ?271000,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical value of rehabilitation nursing in children with severe viral encephalitis (SVE). Methods Fifty-eight children with SVE in the hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected as the study subjects.Based on the lottery method,30 cases were included in group A and given rehabilitation care;28 cases were included in group B and received routine care.The time required for recovery of the symptoms/signs,and the survival status after one year of follow-up were compared. Results The recovery time of symptoms/signs in group A was shorter than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After one year of follow-up,the survival status scores of group A were higher than those of group B.The total effective rate was 93.33% in group A and 64.29% in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation nursing for children with SVE can promote the recovery of symptoms/signs and improve the long-term survival status.
[Key words] Rehabilitation nursing;Severe viral encephalitis in children;Symptoms/signs subsiding time;Survival status
病毒性腦炎(Viral encephalitis,VE)是頻發(fā)性中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病癥,其感染風(fēng)險較高,且多發(fā)于小兒群體[1]。致病菌為病毒,病理表現(xiàn)為顱內(nèi)突發(fā)性炎癥,癥狀以意識模糊和高熱為主。SVE的病情危重,可能導(dǎo)致患兒死亡。臨床多通過降溫和降顱內(nèi)壓等形式控制病情,目的是控制驚厥,恢復(fù)患兒的呼吸與神經(jīng)功能。其治療原則是早期干預(yù)、足量給藥和短時間治療[2-3]。但在治療期間可能因護(hù)理不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致遠(yuǎn)期傷殘情況,影響患兒的生存狀態(tài)?;诖?,臨床積極采取護(hù)理服務(wù),目的是確保治療整體化療效,改善患兒預(yù)后。但常規(guī)化護(hù)理的針對性欠佳,且護(hù)理措施欠全面,未關(guān)注對患兒實(shí)行康復(fù)相關(guān)性護(hù)理[4]。因此,本研究選取2018年5月至2019年5月間來院治療的58例SVE患兒,用于分析康復(fù)護(hù)理用于該病患兒的臨床效用,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
患兒診治時間介于2018年5月至2019年5月,共計SVE患兒58例。經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)等確診為SVE;臨床資料相對完整;家屬對研究知情而且完全同意;研究經(jīng)倫理委員會審核以后準(zhǔn)許開展。排除合并免疫與精神系統(tǒng)疾病;伴心肝腎病癥;伴其他腦病和中途退出患兒。根據(jù)抽簽法分組后,A組記錄30例,男患兒比女患兒的數(shù)值等于14:16;年齡4~11歲,平均(6.85±0.71)歲;病程1~5 d,平均(2.65±0.42) d。B組記錄28例,男患兒比女患兒的數(shù)值等于17:11;年齡3~12歲,平均(6.98±0.80)歲;病程2~5 d,平均(2.99±0.35)d。兩組臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2方法
B組予以常規(guī)護(hù)理,即健康宣教、給藥管理、飲食調(diào)護(hù)和病情觀察等,定期為患兒翻身,并進(jìn)行降溫護(hù)理。A組予以康復(fù)護(hù)理:①環(huán)境管理:病房內(nèi)定時通風(fēng),合理調(diào)節(jié)濕溫度,每日打掃病房2次,并在窗臺擺放綠植,在墻上張貼圖畫。房間內(nèi)配備電視,可播放電視或輕音樂,營造溫馨氛圍。②心理疏導(dǎo):主動與患兒交流,對于小年齡段患兒可通過手勢、語言相聯(lián)合方式進(jìn)行溝通。發(fā)現(xiàn)患兒有不良情緒時應(yīng)給予撫觸護(hù)理或是利用玩具轉(zhuǎn)移注意力。指導(dǎo)家屬關(guān)注患兒情緒,給予其理解,避免發(fā)火,使患兒產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒。③語言訓(xùn)練:使用壓舌板少量蘸冰水,刺激軟腭以及舌根。指導(dǎo)患兒練習(xí)頂腭或是卷舌動作,改善口腔敏感度。引導(dǎo)患兒跟讀單詞,而后過渡到詞語與短語,跟讀后可自主復(fù)讀。將患兒的復(fù)讀情況進(jìn)行錄音,以評價其語言功能的改善度。指導(dǎo)家屬主動與患兒進(jìn)行親子游戲,如做手指操或背兒歌等。大齡患兒可進(jìn)行口頭小作文練習(xí),或復(fù)讀一段文章。④四肢訓(xùn)練:活動肢體與關(guān)節(jié),大齡兒童可主動活動。每日按摩患兒四肢,輕柔牽伸攣縮肢體,牽拉雙下肢,以未出現(xiàn)痛感為牽拉最佳力度。四肢訓(xùn)練應(yīng)循序漸進(jìn),每次練習(xí)20~30 min,頻率為每日2次。⑤體位護(hù)理:睡眠時告知患兒保持平臥位,固定其頭部,可在睡前進(jìn)行按摩。若肌張力下降,則要按摩腎經(jīng)以及風(fēng)池穴。⑥呼吸訓(xùn)練:指導(dǎo)患兒咳嗽時憋氣,或者進(jìn)行深呼吸,避免氣道堵塞。可用鼻吸氣經(jīng)嘴呼氣,于呼氣末做一吞咽動作,防止誤吸。⑦面部肌肉訓(xùn)練:示范咬頜與鼓腮等動作,同時對患兒面部進(jìn)行按摩,以活動面部肌肉。兩組的干預(yù)時間均為1個月。