侯樂萍 魏曉炎 駱瑛
[關鍵詞] 合理用藥管理系統(tǒng);門診;安全;藥師
[中圖分類號] R197.323;R95? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] C? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)20-0001-04
Application of rational drug use management system in outpatient drug use safety
HOU Leping1? ?WEI Xiaoyan2? ?LUO Ying1
1.Department of Pharmacy,Affiliated Hangzhou First People′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou? ?310000, China; 2.Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou? ?310000, China
[Abstract] The safe use of drugs for elderly patients in outpatient clinics has attracted more and more attention from the society. The development of hospital pharmacy information can help pharmacists provide better pharmaceutical services. This article introduces the operation and rule management of rational drug use management in our hospital. Through retrospective analysis,it is found that the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions has steadily increased after the use of the rational drug management system,the number of interceptions of irrational drug use has gradually decreased,and the awareness of doctors to prescribe reasonable prescriptions has gradually increased. The management level is gradually improved. The rational drug use management system guarantees the safety of medication for outpatients, allowing pharmacists to play a greater role in rational drug use.
[Key words] Rational drug use management system; Outpatient; Safety; Pharmacist
隨著我國人口的老齡化,老年人用藥安全越來越受重視,老年患者因基礎疾病較多、機體代謝水平較差以及用藥情況復雜等原因,易發(fā)生藥品不良反應,應持續(xù)關注老年人群用藥安全[1-2]。我院作為老年病??漆t(yī)院,來院就診人群多為老年人,提高我院處方合理性,保障患者用藥安全十分重要。藥師作為醫(yī)院藥學工作的主要參與者,在醫(yī)院合理用藥方面具有重要作用[3-4]。《醫(yī)療機構處方審核規(guī)范》明確指出藥師是處方審核工作的第一責任人[5]。
隨著科技的發(fā)展,醫(yī)院藥學信息化建設近些年取得跨越式發(fā)展,是醫(yī)院藥學發(fā)展的重要方向[6-8]。我院自2018年來引進“合理用藥管理系統(tǒng)”,通過事前設定管控規(guī)則,事中處方實時干預、藥師審核雙重把關,事后處方點評全流程用藥決策管理,逐漸建立了適合本院使用的合理用藥管理系統(tǒng),經過藥學人員的參與和維護,在規(guī)范醫(yī)生處方開具、提高處方合格率和用藥安全性方面均取得了顯著效果,現報道如下。
1 合理用藥管理系統(tǒng)的運行
合理用藥管理系統(tǒng)是基于圖形化智能推理機,按照PDCA質量管理方法設計的精準合理用藥管理軟件。系統(tǒng)根據藥品說明書、臨床用藥須知、臨床用藥指南等基本知識庫制訂用藥規(guī)則,藥師根據本院實際需求對藥品規(guī)則進行管理,通過設定警示等級、提示信息等方式規(guī)范處方開具。通過合理用藥管理系統(tǒng)可實時審核處方,若發(fā)現問題,則在醫(yī)生端出現信息提示。1~8級警示等級是根據藥品說明書、用藥指南和專家共識等信息設定的。在警示等級方面:當系統(tǒng)處于1~3級警示時,醫(yī)生端在開具處方時無信息提示,表示醫(yī)生可開具處方;當系統(tǒng)處于4~7級警示時,醫(yī)生端在開具處方時會有不合理信息提示,表示醫(yī)生需要修改處方或再次確定是否開具處方;當系統(tǒng)處于8級警示時,表示醫(yī)生所開處方已達到系統(tǒng)警示等級的最高級,醫(yī)生無法開具處方,需要修改處方或聯系藥劑科工作人員進行規(guī)則管理。
2 不合理用藥處方分析
首先,用藥禁忌與藥品類型不合理。本研究發(fā)現,在對老年高血壓患者進行用藥時,會出現麻黃堿或偽麻黃堿類的藥物,如泰諾。與一般患者不同,老年高血壓患者在服用這些藥物后,會導致血壓升高,可能會引發(fā)頭昏、頭痛等不良反應,加之老年人肝、腎功能減退,就算服用正常劑量也可能會出現些許不良反應及副作用,甚至會造成十分嚴重的后果。