曲永華

賓語(yǔ)從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子等。

考點(diǎn)一： 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that沒(méi)有實(shí)在意義，可以省略。如：I am sure （that） he will succeed.

2. 由連接代詞who， whom， whose， what， which和連接副詞when， where， why， how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。如：Do you know who （whom） they are waiting for？

3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

典例：（2020·貴州·黔西南州）Jeff asked his students， “Do you know it is important to protect the earth？”（改為間接引語(yǔ)）

Jeff asked his students they it is important to protect the earth.

【解析】一般疑問(wèn)句改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用連詞if/whether; 當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，可知后面用knew。

典例：（2019 · 江蘇·淮安）Excuse me， could you tell me ？

A. when he was born B. how far is it from here

C. what does he look like D. where he leaves for yesterday

【解析】根據(jù)題意既要考慮引導(dǎo)詞的選擇，還要考慮語(yǔ)序，排除BC;選項(xiàng)D用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，排除D。故A符合語(yǔ)境。

考點(diǎn)二： 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

1. 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，由連詞that引導(dǎo)，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said（that） he was an honest boy.

易錯(cuò)提示：that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只變主句，不變從句。如：It is said that ...（據(jù)說(shuō)……）;It is known that ...（眾所周知……）;It is reported that ...（據(jù)報(bào)告……）等，也可把它們當(dāng)作固定句式來(lái)運(yùn)用。如：It is said that he is from Canada.

2. 一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，連詞用if和whether引導(dǎo);特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，連詞用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，語(yǔ)序都要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。

易錯(cuò)提示（1）：一般情況下，if和whether可互換，在口語(yǔ)中多用if，而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。

①與 or 連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句時(shí)，或強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇， 特別是句中有or not時(shí)用whether，不用if。如：I don’ t know whether you will come to my party or not tomorrow.

②在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether，不用if。如：I can’ t make up my mind whether to go or not.

③在介詞之后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不用if。如：It depends on whether I have enough time.

④賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。如：Whether this is true， I can’ t say.

易錯(cuò)提示（2）：當(dāng)疑問(wèn)代詞what、who在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，該特殊疑問(wèn)句本身就是陳述句語(yǔ)序，所以當(dāng)該句用來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不需要調(diào)整。

What’s wrong with her？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.

What’s the matter？ → He asked the girl what was the matter.

What has happened to him？ → We want to know what has happened to him.

典例：（2020 ·貴州·安順）The BBC’s documentary Du Fu：China’s Greatest Poet explains

Du’s works have been popular for centuries.

A. when B. whether C. why

【解析】句意：“英國(guó)廣播公司的紀(jì)錄片《杜甫：中國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人》解釋了為什么杜甫的作品在幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)廣受歡迎?！备鶕?jù)句意可知，要用引導(dǎo)詞why，故選C。

典例：（2020 ·北京）— Do you know ？

—At 9：00 tomorrow morning.

A. when the video meeting began

B. when did the video meeting begin

C. when the video meeting will begin

D. when will the video meeting begin

【解析】句意：“——你知道視頻會(huì)議什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始嗎？——明天上午9點(diǎn)。”賓語(yǔ)從句中從句語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為陳述句語(yǔ)序，因此排除B和D;根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“At 9 o’clock tomorrow morning”可知，詢問(wèn)的應(yīng)該是將來(lái)的事，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，選項(xiàng)A是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選C。

（未完，待續(xù)）