賈元慶
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom和never都是用來表示時間的頻度副詞,但它們所表示的動作頻度不同。
1. always是頻度最高的詞,表示動作的重復(fù),狀態(tài)的繼續(xù),中間沒有間斷。意為“總是、一直”,其反義詞是never。當(dāng)它與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連用時,常譯作“老是,總是”,帶有贊揚、厭煩、不滿等感情色彩。如:
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽一直東升西落。
She is always coming late. (厭煩、不滿) 她老是遲到。
2. usually意為“通?!保硎就ǔH绱?,很少例外,頻率僅次于always,反義詞為unusually。 如:
What do you usually do on Sundays? 你星期天通常干什么?
I usually got up at six in the morning last term. 上學(xué)期我通常在早上六點鐘起床。
3. often意為“經(jīng)常、常常”,不如usually那么頻繁,表示動作重復(fù),中間有間斷,反義詞為seldom。如:
They often go for a walk after supper. 晚飯后他們經(jīng)常去散步。
My parents often take me to the zoo on weekends. 我父母常常在周末帶我去動物園。
4. sometimes意為“有時、不時”,表示動作偶爾發(fā)生,中間常有間斷,頻率比often低。如:
Sometimes they play football on Saturday afternoon. = They sometimes play football on Saturday afternoon. = They play football on Saturday afternoon sometimes. 他們有時在星期六下午踢足球。
5. seldom意為“很少;不?!?,頻度較低。如:
We seldom go to school by bus. We usually go there by bike. 我們很少乘公共汽車去上學(xué),我們通常是騎車去。
He seldom has lunch at home. 他很少在家吃午飯。
6. never意為“從來不,未曾”,頻度為零。如:
We can say Mr. John Brown or Mr. Brown, but we can never say Mr. John. 我們可以說Mr. John Brown或Mr. Brown,但從來不能說Mr. John。
The twins have never been to the Great Wall. 這對雙胞胎從沒有去過長城。
注意:
一般情況下,這五個詞都位于行為動詞之前,be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。 sometimes的位置較靈活,可以放在句中,也可以放在句首或句末。
[頻率副詞 頻? 度 always 100% usually 80% often 60% sometimes 40% seldom 20% never 0 ]