吳雪 段少宇 梁萍 劉欣
[摘要]目的:探討miR-34a靶向STAT1基因調(diào)控牙周膜細胞增殖及凋亡的分子機制。方法:將PDLCs細胞分成Pm、Py、Pz三組,Pz組(PDLCs細胞不做任何處理),Pm組(轉(zhuǎn)染miR-34a模擬物)、Py組(轉(zhuǎn)染miR-34a抑制物),RT-PCR檢測STAT1、miR-34a水平,Westernblot法檢測STAT1蛋白表達,流式細胞儀、MTT法分別檢測PDLCs細胞凋亡、增殖情況。結(jié)果:RT-PCR檢測STAT1、miR-34a水平結(jié)果顯示,與Pz組對比,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1、miR-34a水平最高,Pz組STAT1、miR-34a水平其次,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平最低(均P<0.05)。Westernblot法檢測STAT1蛋白發(fā)現(xiàn),與Pz組對比,Py組STAT1蛋白較Pm組有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1蛋白表達最高,Pz組蛋白表達其次,Py組STAT1蛋白表達最低(均P<0.05)。流式細胞術(shù)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),與Pz組對比,Pm組PDLCs細胞凋亡明顯增加,與Pm組對比,Py組細胞凋亡明顯降低(均P<0.05),Pm組細胞凋亡呈三組最高,Pz組其次,Py組最低。MTT檢測結(jié)果顯示:Pz組PDLCs細胞在24h、48h、72h時均緩慢增長,Py組PDLCs細胞24h、48h增殖變化較平穩(wěn),72h時增殖速度明顯加快,Pm組受miR-34a模擬物影響,PDLCs細胞數(shù)量增殖緩慢(均P<0.05)。結(jié)論:miR-34a低表達能夠抑制PDLCs細胞凋亡,促進其生長,這一作用機制可能與降低STAT1蛋白表達有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]miR-34a;STAT1;牙周膜細胞;牙周炎;增殖;凋亡
[中圖分類號]R329.2+8? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2021)04-0115-04
Molecular Mechanisms of MiR-34a Targeting STAT1 Gene Regulating Proliferation and Apoptosis of Periodontal Ligament Cells
WU Xue,DUAN Shao-yu,LIANG Ping,LIU Xin
(Department of Stomatology,Beijing Electric Power Hospital,Beijing 100073,China)
Abstract: Objective? To investigate the molecular mechanism of the proliferation and apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells regulated by STAT1 gene targeting to miR-34a. Methods? Human periodontal ligament cells were isolated, cultured and diluted. According to Lipofectamine 2000 instructions, PDLCs were divided into three groups: Pm group, Py group and Pz group. Pz group (PDLCs were not treated with any treatment), Pm group (transfected mimic of miR-34a), Py group (transfected microarray). miR-34a inhibitor, transfected for about 4 hours, discarded the upper liquid, replaced the medium, cultured for 48 hours. RT-PCR was used to detect the levels of STAT1 and miR-34a. Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT1. Flow cytometry and MTT were used to detect the apoptosis and proliferation of PDLCs. Results? RT-PCR detection of STAT1 and miR-34a levels showed that compared with Pz group, STAT1 and miR-34a levels in Py group decreased significantly. STAT1 and miR-34a levels in Pm group were the highest, followed by STAT1 and miR-34a levels in Pz group, and STAT1 and miR-34a levels in Py group were the lowest (P<0.05). Western blot analysis of STAT1 protein showed that compared with Pz group, the expression of STAT1 protein in Py group was significantly lower than that in Pm group. The expression of STAT1 protein in Pm group was the highest, followed by that in Pz group, and the expression of STAT1 protein in Py group was the lowest (P<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that compared with Pz group, the apoptosis of PDLCs in Pm group increased significantly, and decreased significantly in Py group (P<0.05). The apoptosis of PDLCs in Pm group was the highest in three groups, followed by Pz group and the lowest in Py group. MTT results showed that PDLCs in Pz group grew slowly at 24h, 48h and 72h. PDLCs? in Py group increased steadily at 24h and 48h, and increased significantly at 72h. The number of PDLCs in Pm group increased slowly under the influence of miR-34a (P<0.05). Conclusion? The low expression of miR-34a can inhibit PDLCs cell apoptosis and promote its growth. This mechanism may be related to the reduction of STAT1 protein expression.
Key words: miR-34a; STAT1; periodontal ligament cells; periodontitis; proliferation; apoptosis
牙周炎是牙周組織發(fā)生慢性炎癥病變,患者可能會出現(xiàn)牙齦出血、牙槽骨破壞和牙周袋等癥狀,隨著病情的發(fā)展還會發(fā)展為牙齒松動和脫落,是現(xiàn)在成年人牙齒缺失的主要原因[1]。牙周炎是常見的口腔疾病,研究表明,牙周膜細胞(PDLCs)生長失衡是導致牙周炎出現(xiàn)的主要原因[2],PDLCs細胞凋亡會引起其他疾病,嚴重威脅人們的身體健康[3]。近些年研究發(fā)現(xiàn)牙周炎中的致病菌主要對患者體內(nèi)的炎癥反應(yīng)和免疫反應(yīng)起作用,PDLCs細胞作為牙周支持組織必不可少的一部分,具有效應(yīng)性,會受到炎性因子影響增長受限或過剩,牙體出現(xiàn)疾病也與PDLCs細胞有關(guān)[4-5]。miR-34a是微小RNA之一,有相關(guān)研究證明,miR-34a會激活惡性生物活性和惡性特質(zhì),加重疾病進程,PDLCs細胞在維持牙周功能正常運轉(zhuǎn)有重要作用,在牙周炎組織中miR-34a表達水平上升,PDLCs凋亡細胞明顯增加,而當miR-34a水平下降時,能有效改善牙周組織的損傷,說明miR-34a與PDLCs凋亡程度呈正相關(guān)[6-7]。STAT1信號分布在機體多個組織細胞內(nèi),多種因子參與和調(diào)控PDLCs細胞分化,抑制STAT1信號表達可以明顯減少PDLCs細胞凋亡,說明STAT1信號在牙周炎發(fā)展過程中起重要作用[8]。由此,本文研究通過建立實驗分組,探討miR-34a靶向STAT1基因調(diào)控PDLCs細胞增殖及凋亡的分子機制。
1? 材料和方法
1.1 主要試劑和儀器:RT-PCR試劑盒(上海Superchip technology),Trizol試劑(浙江AMEKO),逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(武漢 賽維爾),RT-PCR試劑盒(上海 優(yōu)予),miR-34a-mimics、miR-34a-inhibitions(上海 吉瑪),無齲壞牙體組織。
1.2 人PDLCs細胞分離:生理鹽水清洗牙體組織,放入10%胎牛血清的α-MEM培育液再次清洗,刮取下根部組織剪碎,加入消化液混勻,放置在準備好的培養(yǎng)箱中靜置12~14h,37℃下培養(yǎng),消化后取出移至EP管中,經(jīng)800r/min離心后棄去上清,移入培養(yǎng)箱中加入1ml培養(yǎng)液進行培養(yǎng),對細胞生長狀況進行觀察。
1.3 細胞培養(yǎng)傳代:初次接種細胞呈圓形,懸浮狀態(tài),1d后逐漸貼壁,2d后貼壁細胞呈梭形或多邊形,7d后細胞密度生長至80%~90%,傳代培養(yǎng)棄去培養(yǎng)液,0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,用吸管進行吹打,制作細胞懸液,移植新培養(yǎng)瓶中,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)收集第5代細胞,將PDLCs細胞稀釋至1×105/ml,平鋪到16孔板中,待PDLCs細胞密度生長為60%~80%時進行轉(zhuǎn)染操作。
1.4 細胞轉(zhuǎn)染和分組:將稀釋的PDLCs細胞加入培養(yǎng)皿中進行轉(zhuǎn)染,按照Lipofectamine 2000說明書操作進行,將PDLCs細胞分成Pm、Py、Pz三組,Pz組(PDLCs細胞不做任何處理),Pm組(轉(zhuǎn)染miR-34a模擬物)、Py組(轉(zhuǎn)染miR-34a抑制物),轉(zhuǎn)染4h左右,棄去上層液體,更換培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)48h。
1.5 RT-PCR檢測STAT1、miR-34a水平:PDLCs細胞總RNA運用Trizol法進行提取,總RNA提取反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,按說明書進行實驗,用DNA熒光染料SYBR GreenⅠ對STAT1、miR-34a表達水平進行檢測,內(nèi)參采用β-actin、60℃、10min,95℃、72℃、各30s,95℃、5min,循環(huán)次數(shù)以40為準,實驗次數(shù)至少3次。在細胞培養(yǎng)液中加入氯仿,搖蕩,離心,4℃ 1 200轉(zhuǎn)離心,加異丙醇、75%乙醇,離心,干燥,-80℃保存。總RNA提取反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,內(nèi)參采用U6,65℃,15min、95℃、72℃,各45s、95℃,15min,以40次為準,實驗次數(shù)至少3次。用相對定量2-ΔΔCT計算STAT1、miR-34a表達。
1.6 Westernblot法檢測STAT1蛋白表達:在6孔板中加入100μg的胰蛋白酶提取液,再注入2ml的培養(yǎng)基,將轉(zhuǎn)染后的細胞放入EP管中,并與胰蛋白酶提取液按照1:100進行混合,再放入冰箱中冷凍10min,使細胞完全裂變,成為E溶液;在EP管中按照1:100比例加入胰蛋白酶提取液2ml,使細胞完全裂變成為F溶液,把E和F溶液以80:1的體積進行搖勻,配制成工作液,放入37.5℃的保溫箱中20min,冷卻后計算STAT1蛋白濃度。
1.7 流式細胞儀檢測PDLCs細胞凋亡程度:用PBS溶液洗滌轉(zhuǎn)染2d后的細胞2次,離心5min,重懸細胞在100μl結(jié)合緩沖液中進行,用5μl標記FITC的AnnexinⅤ與5μl PI染色混勻,避光孵育15min后加入400μl結(jié)合緩沖液混勻,洗滌3次對細胞凋亡情況進行檢測。
1.8 MTT檢測PDLCs細胞增殖能力:PDLCs細胞離心轉(zhuǎn)染3~5min,在96孔板中接種細胞進行培養(yǎng),每孔200μl,室溫37℃,5% CO2,培養(yǎng)時長不少于24h,不大于72h,加入MTT培養(yǎng)不少于3h,不大于4h,加入150μl的DMSO混勻,測光密度用酶標儀進行測定(OD490nm),對細胞活力進行分析。
1.9 統(tǒng)計學分析:用SPSS 19.0軟件對STAT1、miR-34a水平變化、STAT1蛋白表達、細胞增殖調(diào)亡情況進行統(tǒng)計和分析,用均值±標準差表示計算出的結(jié)果,組間兩兩比對,用χ2或t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1 STAT1、miR-34a水平變化:RT-PCR檢測STAT1、miR-34a水平結(jié)果顯示,與Pz組比對,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1、miR-34a水平最高,Pz組STAT1、miR-34a水平其次,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平最低,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)。
2.2 STAT1蛋白變化情況:Western blot法檢測STAT1蛋白發(fā)現(xiàn),Pz、Pm、Py三組細胞STAT1蛋白表達量分別為1.06±0.23、1.51±0.48、0.74±0.13,與Pz組比對,Py組STAT1蛋白較Pm組有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1蛋白表達最高,Pz組蛋白表達其次,Py組STAT1蛋白表達最低,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)。
2.3 PDLCs細胞調(diào)亡情況:流式細胞術(shù)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),與Pz組相比,Pm組PDLCs細胞凋亡明顯增加,Py組細胞凋亡明顯降低,Pm組細胞凋亡呈三組最高,Pz組其次,Py組最低,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P<0.05)。
2.4 MTT檢測PDLCs細胞增殖能力:MTT檢測結(jié)果顯示:Pz組PDLCs細胞在24h、48h、72h時均緩慢增長,Py組PDLCs細胞24h、48h增殖變化較平穩(wěn),72h時增殖速度明顯加快,Pm組受miR-34a模擬物影響,PDLCs細胞數(shù)量增殖緩慢(均P<0.05)。
3? 討論
牙周炎是一種口腔科的慢性疾病,主要表現(xiàn)在牙齦炎癥和牙槽骨病理性吸收,引起牙周炎的原因有很多種,例如:牙周膜細胞分化異常,免疫疾病和遺傳等因素[9]。有大數(shù)據(jù)表明,我國有90%以上的人群都患有牙齦炎癥,臨床上表現(xiàn)為患者咀嚼功能降低,牙周炎的發(fā)生也有可能與患者的心血管疾病和糖尿病緊密相關(guān),對人們的生活造成嚴重不便[10]。研究表明牙周炎患者體內(nèi)STAT1水平出現(xiàn)失衡,宿主免疫、PDLCs細胞功能受到損傷,這些原因已經(jīng)成為許多學者研究牙周炎機制的重點[11]。miR-34a廣泛存在于哺乳動物中,具有組織特異性,同樣廣泛存在人體組織中,參與組織細胞的生長,但在一定程度上會抑制正常細胞的再生,甚至會加速促進PDLCs細胞的凋亡[12]。
通過觀察STAT1、miR-34a水平,STAT1蛋白表達發(fā)現(xiàn),與Pz組比對,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1、miR-34a水平最高,Pz組STAT1、miR-34a水平其次,Py組STAT1、miR-34a水平最低。與Pz組比對,Py組STAT1蛋白較Pm組有顯著下降,Pm組STAT1蛋白表達最高,Pz組蛋白表達其次,Py組STAT1蛋白表達最低。有研究證實,miR-34b和miR-34c都能對細胞增殖、凋亡和調(diào)控以及纖維化產(chǎn)生影響,近些年來,與牙周炎相關(guān)的miRNA不斷被發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-34a在牙周膜細胞分化過程中的調(diào)控機制也逐漸被證實[13-14]。有研究證實,STAT1近年來被發(fā)現(xiàn)成為與細胞組織分化密切相關(guān)的信號通路分子[15]。STAT3是屬于STAT家族中的轉(zhuǎn)錄活化因子蛋白,當STAT3發(fā)生磷酸化的時候形成二聚體,并轉(zhuǎn)移進細胞核與染色體上靶基因啟動子進行結(jié)合,誘導位于其下游的基因即靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄激活。同時磷酸化的STAT3可以調(diào)控細胞G1/S期及G2/M期的調(diào)控因子使細胞生存周期延長,進而促進細胞的惡性轉(zhuǎn)變。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-34a通過PI3K/Akt/Bad途徑靶向GAS1促進甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細胞增殖和抑制凋亡,而PI3K/AKT/mTOR抑制劑能反饋激活STAT3激酶活性,因此,推測MiR-34a調(diào)控STAT3蛋白可能與PI3K/Akt信號通路有關(guān)[16-17]。
通過流式細胞術(shù)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),與Pz組比對,Pm組PDLCs細胞凋亡明顯增加,Py組細胞凋亡明顯降低,Pm組細胞凋亡呈三組最高,Pz組其次,Py組最低。MTT檢測結(jié)果顯示:Pz組PDLCs細胞在24h、48h、72h時均緩慢增長,Py組PDLCs細胞24h、48h增殖變化較平穩(wěn),72h時增殖速度明顯加快,Pm組受miR-34a模擬物影響,PDLCs細胞數(shù)量增殖緩慢。本實驗在預測可能調(diào)控STAT1信號通路的miRNA中發(fā)現(xiàn)有miR-34a的結(jié)合位點,用MTT與流式細胞術(shù)檢測得出,STAT1的基因活性受到miR-34a的影響可以對其表達進行調(diào)控[18-19]。同樣證實,miR-34a的表達量上升,細胞再生過程中STAT1可能起到抑制作用。而有研究表明,STAT1是miR-34a的靶基因,STAT1與PDLCs細胞的增殖和凋亡有密切關(guān)系[20]。另研究發(fā)現(xiàn),STAT1對PDLCs細胞起關(guān)鍵性作用。miR-34a和STAT1二者在調(diào)控細胞凋亡中發(fā)揮重要作用[21]。這與本文的研究結(jié)果一致。Xue Jin研究證實,促進PDLCs細胞分化可通過下調(diào)miR-34a的表達來實現(xiàn),讓PDLCs細胞恢復功能活性,這說明miR-34a可以有效反映PDLCs細胞凋亡水平[22],這與本文研究相符。
綜上所述,miR-34a低表達能夠抑制PDLCs細胞凋亡,促進其生長,這一作用機制可能與降低STAT1蛋白表達有關(guān)。
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[收稿日期]2019-10-21
本文引用格式:吳雪,段少宇,梁萍,等.miR-34a靶向STAT1基因調(diào)控牙周膜細胞增殖及凋亡的分子機制[J].中國美容醫(yī)學,2021,30(4): 115-118.