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永遠的山水詩 最美的桃花源

2021-06-24 18:04葉朝陽
文化交流 2021年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:舴艋詩路楠溪江

葉朝陽

悠悠三百里楠溪江,水秀、巖奇、瀑多、村古、灘林美,宛如一幅立體的山水畫長卷。作為國家AAAA級旅游區(qū)、世界地質(zhì)公園,楠溪江素有“天下第一水”之稱,也被譽為“中國山水詩搖籃”。古往今來,謝靈運、顏延之、陶弘景、李白、杜甫、孟浩然、蘇軾、葉適等文人墨客在楠溪江畔流連忘返,吟誦不輟。

為守護好這片靈山秀水,讓更多人為永嘉山水駐足留步,永嘉縣以建設(shè)“長三角一流的山水田園休閑度假旅游目的地”為目標(biāo),以永嘉詩畫山水和美麗鄉(xiāng)村為優(yōu)勢,重點打造麗水街、楠溪江灘地音樂公園等美麗鄉(xiāng)村夜經(jīng)濟集聚地,融入“吃、住、行、游、購、娛”等多種元素,串起古今文脈、山水風(fēng)景、全域旅游發(fā)展之“鏈”。鄉(xiāng)村旅游、文化創(chuàng)意、健康養(yǎng)生等項目遍地開花,“日游楠溪江,夜宿桃花源”的詩意棲居品牌越發(fā)深入人心。

詩路旺在實景轉(zhuǎn)化里

從謝靈運在永嘉種下的詩歌種子出發(fā),永嘉學(xué)派、非遺文化、古村文化、甌窯文化、紅色文化等優(yōu)質(zhì)資源猶如散落在楠溪江畔的珍珠。怎樣把永嘉獨有的文化資源和得天獨厚的山水資源相結(jié)合,通過文化來提升旅游的內(nèi)涵和質(zhì)量,開創(chuàng)文旅融合發(fā)展新局面?永嘉創(chuàng)新提煉出“SONG”文化符號。S是指以“山水詩”為代表的“詩歌”文化;O是指以“甌瓷”為代表的“甌”文化;N是指以“南戲”(永昆、亂彈)為代表的“戲曲”文化;G則意指以“古村落”為代表的“耕讀”文化。

同時,“SONG”既是“宋”字的拼音,也是“歌唱、詩歌”的英譯,可謂古今兼容。一方面,蒼坡、芙蓉、嶼北等古村落,以及永嘉學(xué)派、南戲故里及耕讀文化,其核心無不體現(xiàn)宋文化的內(nèi)涵;另一方面,所謂詩歌,詩是文學(xué),歌是音樂,因此永嘉突破了詩的概念,為甌江山水詩之路賦予音樂之路的新型IP。

從文化概念向文化品牌轉(zhuǎn)變,永嘉通過一批批詩路文化新地標(biāo)的打造,將“詩和遠方”融入山水中。

圍繞“謝靈運”打造山水詩帶,以謝靈運《登永嘉綠嶂山》《登石門最高頂》等25首詩中提到的足跡為重點,永嘉對謝公田等20多處山水詩資源進行保護提升,投入6000多萬元在謝靈運后裔村建設(shè)謝公嶺山水詩主題公園和謝靈運紀念館,打造“跟著謝靈運游楠溪”山水詩體驗游線路4條;圍繞“舴艋舟”打造鄉(xiāng)愁詩帶,以南宋著名女詞人李清照“只恐雙溪舴艋舟,載不動許多愁”詩句為意境,永嘉深入挖掘山水詩路上的舴艋舟元素,在楠溪源頭村打造舴艋舟文化館,開辟10公里旅游水上新航線,串聯(lián)沿線村莊,打造了一條鄉(xiāng)村旅游“網(wǎng)紅路線”,復(fù)活了有著1500年歷史卻已消失30余年的舴艋舟文化,推出舴艋舟文化體驗游,并舉辦楠溪江舴艋舟競渡活動,央視為此進行了一天三次的專題報道;圍繞“陶弘景”打造養(yǎng)生詩帶,依托“中國長壽之鄉(xiāng)”這一金字招牌,永嘉以“山中宰相”陶弘景隱居地陶公洞景區(qū)為主體,推進十二峰、小若巖景群等景區(qū)景點提質(zhì)工程,把陶弘景“山中何所有,嶺上多白云”的詩意和沿線景點融為一體,做好詩路的景觀化文章,打造集養(yǎng)眼、養(yǎng)心、養(yǎng)身于一體的“詩帶”,年游客量超過200萬人次;圍繞古村落打造文化尋蹤游,發(fā)揮巖頭國家級歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)、楓林省級歷史文化名鎮(zhèn)的人文資源優(yōu)勢,永嘉深入挖掘耕讀文化、紅色文化,大力做好古村落的保護和利用,重點提升麗水街歷史文化街區(qū)、芙蓉古村、蒼坡古村、楠溪江漂流等項目,打造詩旅融合精品線路……

追隨著文人騷客的筆墨,三百里江水晶瑩透徹,江面上鷗鳥出沒,沿岸青山疊翠、竹樹茂密,讓人忍不住感嘆,眼前的楠溪江就是夢想中的“詩和遠方”。

詩路興在全民共享里

在青山綠水間演繹詩畫永嘉的余韻悠遠,永嘉沿著“物化、深化、轉(zhuǎn)化”的發(fā)展方向,堅持詩路建設(shè)服務(wù)人民美好生活,努力將詩路打造成為人民致富之路、市民提高生活品質(zhì)之路、游客喜愛的美景美食之路。

老祠堂改成書法館、鄉(xiāng)村的普通房子改成酒吧茶吧、閑置的小學(xué)改成美術(shù)館、尋常的土地上建起謝靈運山水詩的陳列館……眼下,在鶴盛鎮(zhèn)上日川村,正在發(fā)生鄉(xiāng)村遇上詩路的“蛻變”。

這里不僅成了山水詩山水畫的研學(xué)基地和寫生基地,還把優(yōu)質(zhì)教育引入鄉(xiāng)村,給鄉(xiāng)村帶來更多發(fā)展的可能性。

“其實藝術(shù)家和文化人的到來,才是改變鄉(xiāng)村最重要的動力?!被貧w鄉(xiāng)賢、北京大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院博士后周建朋說,在上日川村舉辦的國際研討會和國際展覽,不僅給村民帶來了國際視野,也提高了他們的素質(zhì),改善了這里的生活環(huán)境。

而上日川村通過寫生基地的建設(shè),打造“中國最美國際山水型基地”,并與世界各地的美術(shù)院校搭上線。這種“請進來、走出去”的方式,巧妙帶動了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟。目前,上日川村已成為中國美術(shù)學(xué)院等20多家院校的寫生基地,年接待學(xué)生3萬多人次。村民建民宿、開農(nóng)家樂、賣農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品,在家門口實現(xiàn)致富增收,把日子過得像詩一樣。

這樣的“蛻變”,永嘉正從盆景轉(zhuǎn)化為風(fēng)景。該縣以文化促進旅游業(yè)態(tài)升級,引進和建設(shè)楠溪詩畫小鎮(zhèn)、甌窯小鎮(zhèn)、楠溪書院等一批文旅融合項目,為鄉(xiāng)村振興注入新動能。投資30億元的永嘉楠溪詩畫小鎮(zhèn)入圍第四批省級培育類特色小鎮(zhèn);甌窯博物館和甌窯遺址公園項目作為全省16個山海協(xié)作生態(tài)旅游文化產(chǎn)業(yè)園之一,豐富甌窯小鎮(zhèn)旅游載體,帶動周邊村民年均收入增長1萬元以上;麗水街歷史文化街區(qū)項目集觀光游憩、商貿(mào)體驗、文化休閑等功能于一體,既是楠溪江文化的“博物館”,也是游客和村民休閑娛樂的新場所;戴上VR眼鏡,坐上舴艋舟徜徉在悠悠楠溪江,3D全息體驗展現(xiàn)“詩意楠溪”畫卷,新落成的數(shù)字詩路e站打造一個“云游”平臺,帶給人們不一樣的視覺體驗……

讓詩路與鄉(xiāng)村振興同步推進,讓廣大群眾共享發(fā)展成果,充分激活了眾人參與大花園建設(shè)的積極性、主動性:用自己勤勞的雙手把家鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)得更加美麗富饒,建成各有所長、百花齊放、各美其美、美美與共的大花園。以民宿為例,民間投資建設(shè)的民宿“青箬山房”獲評“2019年中國十大必睡美宿”第一名,“墟里”被評為全國“最美”民宿五強,“墟里貳號”民宿成為全國12家“中國最佳民宿”之一,目前永嘉共擁有230多家精品民宿,獲評全國首批民宿產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展示范區(qū)。

在楠溪江畔,“人人成園丁、處處成花園”,已然從夢想照進現(xiàn)實。

詩路美在代代傳承中

詩路建設(shè)不僅要做得“興旺”,更要走得“長遠”,如何傳承下去就是繞不開的主題。詩路體現(xiàn)了人民生生不息的文化創(chuàng)造力,而在新時代尤須激活文化創(chuàng)新基因。

舉辦中國百名文化記者山水詩雅集、中國詩刊社“青春詩會”“國際山水詩之旅暨山水詩發(fā)祥地溫州‘48小時詩意旅行”等國家級詩壇盛會,開展“墨香溫州”——楠溪江山水詩名家作品邀請展等,讓詩歌唱響永嘉、融入生活;全面梳理山水詩領(lǐng)域?qū)<覍W(xué)者詩人信息,實施中青年人才培養(yǎng)計劃,成立謝靈運、中國山水詩兩大研究會,并定期邀請專家學(xué)者舉辦學(xué)術(shù)交流會、高端研討會;承辦2019浙江省詩路IP文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品大賽及研發(fā)交流會、詩意文化集市等,推動優(yōu)秀文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品落地;連續(xù)舉辦“當(dāng)巴黎遇上溫州”“當(dāng)倫敦遇上溫州”等中外藝術(shù)家系列交流活動;成功舉辦全國著名散文詩人“詩吟楠溪江”采風(fēng)活動,30余名散文詩人留下230多首詩詞……永嘉持續(xù)開展形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富的山水詩主題活動,不斷做強山水詩路文化IP,擦亮“中國山水詩搖籃”金名片,成功摘得全國第23個、浙江第3個“中國詩歌之鄉(xiāng)”榮譽。

做足做深傳承文章,離不開一個個創(chuàng)新平臺的打造?!昂贾萦兴纬?,永嘉有宋村”,永嘉圍繞打造以巖頭鎮(zhèn)、楓林鎮(zhèn)為核心板塊的“江南宋村”,重點布局麗水古街項目,加大古村落傳承、保護,充分挖掘“宋”文化價值?!敖纤未濉表椖堪v史文化街區(qū)改造提升、特色民宿打造、楠溪姑娘光影樂園等主題項目建設(shè)。特別是圍繞夜游麗水街,打造“詠嘉”麗水長廊沉浸式景觀秀,增加與游客互動,將水韻、自然、燈光、音樂、環(huán)境融為一體,以春夏秋冬為不同主題、不同內(nèi)容吸引不同游客,不斷豐富麗水街的業(yè)態(tài),帶動餐飲、住宿、購物、娛樂等行業(yè)發(fā)展,打響文旅品牌。

讓山水與文化相依,日游與夜賞相連,以夜游為特色的大眾活動已頻繁出現(xiàn)在楠溪江兩岸。作為其中的重頭戲,楠溪江灘地音樂公園長灘島舉辦COART麋鹿星球藝術(shù)營活動,文化藝術(shù)活動、文創(chuàng)農(nóng)創(chuàng)展、論壇活動等輪番上演的精彩節(jié)目,點靚夜空下的楠溪江;獨具特色的楠溪花月夜和楠溪小夜曲,成為傳播千年文脈的活課堂,讓慕名而至的游人流連忘返。

未來已來。打造成為甌江山水詩路文化研究的先行地、文旅融合的樣板地、大花園建設(shè)的示范地,永嘉正逐夢前行。

(作者系永嘉縣委常委、宣傳部部長,本文原發(fā)表于《浙江日報》,本刊編輯整理。)

Yongjia: A Place of? Landscape Poems

By Ye Chaoyang

The Nanxi River, winding across Yongjia county for almost 150 kilometers, stands like a three-dimensional landscape painting, with charming waters, strange boulders, multiple waterfalls, ancient villages, as well as luxuriant forests all in the picture. Throughout history, literary giants such as Xie Lingyun (385-433), Li Bai (701-762), Du Fu (712-770), Meng Haoran (689-740), Su Shi (1037-1101) and Ye Shi (1150-1223) have left their footprints along the Nanxi River, singing praises of its beauty in their poems and proses.

To attract more people and at the same time better preserve the area, which is part of the Yandangshan UNESCO Global Geopark, Yongjia county is implementing a raft of measures and programs. Rural tourism and projects on creative culture and on health and wellness are flourishing. A holistic experience for tourists that integrates local cuisine, comfortable accommodation, convenient transportation, in-depth travel, varied shopping and entertainment options is taking shape.

As an important part of the Oujiang River Landscape Poetry Road and as the “Cradle of Chinas Landscape Poetry”, Yongjia has focused on cultivating its poetry resources. One program is to develop the countys very own Xie Lingyun-themed landscape poetry culture belt. Over 20 places that have been mentioned in 25 of Xies poems have been renovated and more than 60 million yuan have been invested to build a theme park and a memorial hall, giving tourists an opportunity to immerse themselves in Yongjias rich poetry and history.

“Im afraid the grasshopper boats at the Twin Streams, could not carry such a load of my sorrow.” (“To the tune of ‘Spring in Wuling”) Thus wrote Li Qingzhao (1084-1155), the best-known female ci poet in Chinese history, in one of the most memorable lines in Chinese poetry. Another program is precisely to revive this traditional “grasshopper boat”, a local feature with a history of 1,500 years but was last seen more than 30 years ago. A 10-kilometer-long watercourse is specially set aside for travelers to ride the grasshopper boats and visit ancient villages and a host of scenic and cultural spots along the way.

On the other hand, all these are not taking place in a void; the key is shared participation and development. Ultimately, the goal is to not only benefit tourists, but also improve the livelihoods of local residents.

In the process, for example, old and unused ancestral halls have been changed into calligraphy halls, rural houses have been turned into bars, disused primary school premises have been built into art galleries…the list goes on. The efforts are paying off. A case in point is Richuan village in Hesheng township.

Jumping on the poetry road bandwagon, the village has transformed itself into a place for scholars, artists and students taking study trips on landscape poetry as well as landscape paintings. More than 20 art academies, schools and colleges, including China Academy of Art, have chosen Richuan village as their base. With 30,000-odd students coming to the village every year, businesses of family-run hotels and restaurants have boomed, and sales of agricultural products have picked up. The villagers are leading a life of comfort and poetic beauty.

The gains are more than economic; the arrival of these people and institutions has enriched the village culturally and educationally. “To some extent, they are the most important force behind the transformation of the rural areas,” Zhou Jianpeng, a Yongjia native and a postdoctoral fellow from Peking Universitys School of Arts who has returned to work in Yongjia, concurs. At the heart of it all, he contends, is rural revitalization through culture and tourism in a sustainable manner. Now, international symposiums and exhibitions are being held in the village, adding another dimension to its overall development.

Long hailed as “the First River Under Heaven”, the Nanxi River is truly living up to its name by continuing nourishing people in a modern and sustainable way.

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