徐訓(xùn) 林巧梅 周君 宋爽 江國富
摘 要:為實(shí)現(xiàn)對機(jī)械手的快速高精度跟蹤,采用滑模變結(jié)構(gòu)控制算法對機(jī)械手進(jìn)行控制。針對機(jī)械手在趨近滑模面的過程中所存在的抖震問題,在基于模糊補(bǔ)償?shù)聂敯糇赃m應(yīng)控制的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種基于趨近率的自適應(yīng)模糊滑模機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng),使得系統(tǒng)能更快的趨近滑模面,削弱系統(tǒng)抖震現(xiàn)象?;贛atlab/Simulink 仿真平臺上搭建了機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng),仿真結(jié)果表明,加入趨近率能加快系統(tǒng)趨近滑模面,提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和跟蹤性能。
關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)械手;滑??刂?自適應(yīng)模糊控制;趨近率
中圖分類號:TP241.3????? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
Sliding Mode Control System of Manipulator
Based on Approaching Rate
XU Xun, LIN Qiao-mei,ZHOU Jun, SONG Shuang,JIANG Guo-fu
(Department of Engineering , Huizhou Vocational College of Engineering ,Huizhou, Guangdong 510023,China)
Abstract:In order to realize the fast and high precision tracking of manipulator, the sli ding mode variable structure control algorithm is used to control the manipulator. Aiming at the chattering problem of the manipulator in the process of reaching the sliding mode surface, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode manipulator control strategy based on the approaching rate is proposed in this paper, based on the robust adaptive control with fuzzy compensation, so that the system can be more efficient fast approach to the sliding surface, weakening the chattering phenomenon of the system. A manipulator control system is built based on MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform and the simulation results show that the approaching rate can speed up the system approach to the sliding surface and then improve the stability and tracking performance of the system.
Key words:manipulator; sliding mode control; adaptive fuzzy control; approaching rate
由于機(jī)械手系統(tǒng)具有非線性、強(qiáng)耦合等特性[1-2],為實(shí)現(xiàn)對機(jī)械手的快速與精確定位跟蹤,需要選擇合適的控制策略[3-4]?;W兘Y(jié)構(gòu)控制在系統(tǒng)處于滑動模態(tài)時,具有較強(qiáng)的魯棒性,因此適合做機(jī)械手軌跡跟蹤[5-7]?;?刂凭哂休^強(qiáng)的魯棒性,但系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部摩擦和外部干擾等影響,會給滑模系統(tǒng)帶來較大的抖震。因此文獻(xiàn)[8]針對具有參數(shù)不確定性和非參數(shù)不確定性的機(jī)器人的軌跡跟蹤控制問題,采用平滑控制律消除了傳統(tǒng)變結(jié)構(gòu)控制系統(tǒng)中的抖振現(xiàn)象。文獻(xiàn)[9]將外部擾動的內(nèi)部摩擦分情況進(jìn)行討論,利用模糊補(bǔ)償?shù)姆椒ǚ謩e對外部摩擦和干擾進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,得到了基于模糊補(bǔ)償?shù)臋C(jī)械手魯棒自適應(yīng)控制策略。文獻(xiàn)[10]提出了模糊增益調(diào)整的滑模機(jī)械手控制,通過模糊來消除系統(tǒng)中存在的干擾、摩擦及不確定項(xiàng),用來抑制滑模系統(tǒng)中的系統(tǒng)在滑模面上的抖震問題。
但由于系統(tǒng)趨近滑模面時,滑模控制系統(tǒng)會產(chǎn)生抖震[11],所以本文在控制系統(tǒng)中加入趨近率,可以讓機(jī)械手以更快速度趨近滑模面,減少系統(tǒng)趨近滑模面時帶來的抖震,使其達(dá)到更好的控制效果。
4 結(jié) 論
通過對所提出的基于改進(jìn)冪次趨近率的自適應(yīng)模糊滑模控制方法的應(yīng)用,公式推導(dǎo)驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。還改善了滑模控制中系統(tǒng)趨近滑模面帶來的抖動問題,與傳統(tǒng)方法只改善系統(tǒng)在滑模面的效果相比,在控制率中加入趨近率,系統(tǒng)能更快地到達(dá)滑模面。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,這種改進(jìn)的冪次趨近率機(jī)械手滑??刂葡到y(tǒng)可以很好地抑制摩擦、擾動等非線性因素的影響,保證系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定且實(shí)現(xiàn)了對系統(tǒng)位置、速度的高精度的快速跟蹤,同時針對系統(tǒng)趨近滑模面的抖震問題也得到了改善,因此該方法具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
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