劉錦麗
語篇銜接手段有語法手段和詞匯手段,語法手段包括照應(yīng)、替代、省略和連接,詞匯銜接手段包括詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)和詞語同現(xiàn)。
現(xiàn)以2019年全國I卷完形填空為例,詳述如何運用語篇銜接手段解答完形填空題。
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They???? 41???? with them lots of waste. The???? 42???? might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the???? 43???? of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, Im???? 44???? about the place — other destinations are described as“purer”natural experiences.
However, I soon???? 45????? that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of???? 46???? among tons of rubbish. I find a???? 47???? mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are???? 48???? but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be??? 49?? .
The best of a Kilimanjaro???? 50???? , in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are???? 51???? as spiritual places by many cultures. This???? 52???? is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as???? 53???? go through five ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters,????? 54???? lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather???? 55???? — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I????? 56???? twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland
57???? : gravel(礫石),stones and rocks.???? 58???? you climb into an arctic-like zone with???? 59???? snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro???? 60???? its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
請先自己做一遍,注意運用語篇銜接手段。
答案與解析
作者闡明旅游業(yè)給乞力馬扎羅山帶來的生態(tài)環(huán)境影響,各種為保護(hù)其生態(tài)而做出的努力,最后也表明了態(tài)度。
41. D 根據(jù)常識,來試圖攀登乞力馬扎羅山人“帶來”垃圾。
42. C 根據(jù)照應(yīng),The crowds與前面第一句中的主語“40,000 people”及第二句的主語“they”相照應(yīng),也叫前照應(yīng)。
43. C 詞語同現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前句人群會破壞乞力馬扎羅山的的美貌,冰川消失了,這應(yīng)該是改變了乞力馬扎羅山的“面貌”,face與beauty是詞語同現(xiàn)。
44. B 后文推斷。由后文“其他地方被描述為更純粹的自然體驗”可知,作者對乞力馬扎羅山這個地方被說成“人們帶來大量垃圾”“冰川消失”等傳聞表示“懷疑”,故選B項。
45. A 同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。由句意和下一句I find a?? 47?? mountain,可知選A項,discover與find是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
46. C 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。由下句中的with toilets at camps and along the paths可知選C項,其中camps是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),使得上下文語義連貫。
47. D 邏輯推斷。由后面的with toilets at camps and along the paths,可知作者發(fā)現(xiàn)的是一座“干凈的”山,同時又與among tons of rubbish形成對比。
48. C 邏輯關(guān)系。環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是“重大的”,但是坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局的努力似乎得“到了回報”。
49. A 邏輯關(guān)系。參照上一題。
50. B 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。與other destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences相呼應(yīng),故選 experience為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。另外,根據(jù)常識可知,reaching the top是人的一種“體驗”,而不是“氣氛”“實驗”“名勝”。
51. D 前后照應(yīng)。眾多文化將山“視作”精神寓所的“觀點”,故選regarded。
52. A 前后照應(yīng)。被空格前的This限制了,強調(diào)作者的觀點有事實依據(jù),代指51題這個觀點。所以是照應(yīng)。
53. B 同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第一句話Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro...中的climb,故選climbers,同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
54. D 近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文在3000米處雨林突然中止,為low growing plants所替代...ends abruptly與giving way to是近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),意為“由……代替”。
55. A 邏輯推斷。由前后描述的植被變化可推斷天氣“變化”了,故選A項。
56. C 搭配或常識。后面是數(shù)字“十二”,應(yīng)當(dāng)是“數(shù)數(shù)”,故選C項。
57. B 上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。冒號后的 gravel, stones and rocks是desert的下義詞,故選desert。
58. D 連接。finally(最后),表達(dá)事情發(fā)展的一個過程。根據(jù)...five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers. At the base...? Further up, ... Above 4, 000 meters ... 可知選D項。
59. A 近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。由前面的“arctic-like zone類似北極地區(qū)”可知,選permanent,指“永久積雪”,近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
60. B 邏輯推斷。由問號和后一句“I found the opposite to be true.”可知,作者是問“乞力馬扎羅山‘應(yīng)得人山人海的游客壞了寧靜的氣氛這樣的名聲嗎?”故選B項。
從以上分析得知,20小題中,有以下12道可以通過語篇銜接手段來解答。
運用語篇銜接手段可以提高解答完形填空的準(zhǔn)確率。其中運得最多的語篇銜接手段是詞匯銜接,其次是語法銜接。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青