馬蘭茜
摘 ?要: 為了獲得理想的園林景觀效果,設(shè)計(jì)了虛擬三維視覺技術(shù)的園林景觀仿真系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)利用雙目立體視覺相機(jī)采集園林景觀地形場景,利用圖像特征點(diǎn)重建三維地形場景模型,選取包圍體層次法利用OSG三維圖形引擎渲染園林景觀場景元素,利用層次細(xì)節(jié)模型添加樹木模型的枝干與樹葉信息,通過Billboard模型建立葉片信息,利用TreeEngine引擎實(shí)現(xiàn)園林景觀場景內(nèi)樹木模型加載與渲染,將完成渲染的樹木、水體等元素模型導(dǎo)入三維地形場景模型。選取某市某住宅小區(qū)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象,檢測系統(tǒng)的有效性,系統(tǒng)仿真結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)該小區(qū)園林景觀設(shè)計(jì),且獲取園林景觀場景視覺效果較好。
關(guān)鍵詞: 園林景觀仿真; 虛擬三維視覺技術(shù); 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì); 場景元素渲染; 模型重建; 系統(tǒng)檢測
中圖分類號: TN02?34; TP391 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號: 1004?373X(2020)23?0015?05
Abstract: In order to obtain ideal landscape effect, a garden landscape simulation system based on virtual 3D vision technology is designed. A binocular stereo vision camera is used in the system to collect the garden landscape terrain scene. The feature points in the image are utilized to reconstruct 3D terrain scene model. The bounding volume hierarchy method is adopted to render landscape scene elements by OSG 3D graphics engine. The hierarchical detail model is used to add branch and leaf information to the tree model to build leaf information for the billboard model. The FreeEngine engine is used to realize uploading and rendering of the tree model in the garden landscape scene. The rendered tree, water and other element models are imported into the 3D terrain scene model. A residential community in a city is selected as the experimental object to test the effectiveness of the system. The system simulation results show that the system can effectively achieve the landscape design of the residential community, and obtain a better visual effect of the garden landscape scene.
Keywords: garden landscape simulation; virtual 3D vision technology; system design; scene element rendering; model reconstruction; system detection
0 ?引 ?言
園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)是以園林規(guī)劃為基礎(chǔ),基于園林風(fēng)景設(shè)計(jì)理論通過科學(xué)藝術(shù)手段創(chuàng)造園林環(huán)境的技術(shù)。園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)作品需要與周邊整體環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào),給人帶來美的感受[1]。小區(qū)綠化、道路環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)、景區(qū)規(guī)劃等均屬于園林景觀設(shè)計(jì),園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果需為人類生活提供便利,設(shè)計(jì)具有的藝術(shù)性應(yīng)與所處地理的文化與地域特征融合,重視保護(hù)與利用自然資源,促進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展[2]。
園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)方式已從傳統(tǒng)二維漸漸發(fā)展至三維,如何全方位、真實(shí)呈現(xiàn)所設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀細(xì)節(jié),是園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)[3]。將所設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀結(jié)果動態(tài)呈現(xiàn),有利于園林設(shè)計(jì)師發(fā)揮藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造性,便于客戶針對所設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀提出意見。
以往園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)通常利用AutoCAD軟件繪制,以二維方式呈現(xiàn)[4],基于AutoCAD軟件二次開發(fā)出現(xiàn)大量園林景觀規(guī)劃類軟件,但具有三維呈現(xiàn)效果的技術(shù)類軟件較少。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)是可建立三維模擬環(huán)境的重要技術(shù),利用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)通過三維重構(gòu)方式設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀,可令所設(shè)計(jì)園林景觀以更好的方式呈現(xiàn)[5]。園林景觀的虛擬三維視覺重建可改善園林設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量,提升園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用性,利用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)建立園林景觀仿真環(huán)境,令人仿佛身臨其境,實(shí)現(xiàn)園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化[6]。
設(shè)計(jì)虛擬三維視覺技術(shù)的園林景觀仿真系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)以園林設(shè)計(jì)為核心,具有園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)的專業(yè)性,將規(guī)劃技術(shù)、建筑信息等細(xì)節(jié)通過該系統(tǒng)有效仿真,通過建立三維地形模型、設(shè)計(jì)園林相關(guān)設(shè)施參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)園林景觀設(shè)計(jì)需求。
1 ?虛擬三維視覺技術(shù)的園林景觀仿真系統(tǒng)