曹曉 何文勝 蔡桔陽 葉亮興 柯軼
摘 要: 調(diào)查福州市售水產(chǎn)品中副溶血性弧菌的污染狀況,預防由水產(chǎn)品引起的食源性疾病的發(fā)生,并為食品安全監(jiān)管部門提供參考。隨機采集360份市售水產(chǎn)品,按照國家標準?(GB 4789.7- 2013《食品微生物學檢驗》)進行副溶血性弧菌的分離培養(yǎng),采用全自動微生物鑒定儀 VITEK 2 Compact鑒定,并用多重熒光 PCR方法進行毒力基因檢測。360份樣品中共檢出115株副溶血性弧菌,陽性檢出率為31.94%。其中魚類檢出率31.67%,貝類檢出率42.50%,甲殼類檢出率21.67%。農(nóng)貿(mào)市場采集的水產(chǎn)品副溶血性弧菌檢出率顯著高于超市( P =0.003<0.01,χ2= 8.637)。7月份至9月份副溶血性弧菌的陽性檢出率處于高峰,12月份、1月份至3月份陽性檢出率處于低谷。毒力基因 tlh 攜帶率為100%, tdh 攜帶率為29.57%。福州市售水產(chǎn)品都不同程度地受到副溶血性弧菌污染,建議食用時進行徹底加熱烹煮,同時避免不同種類水產(chǎn)品間的交叉污染,降低感染的可能性。
關(guān)鍵詞: 水產(chǎn)品;副溶血性弧菌;污染;分離鑒定;毒力基因
中圖分類號: TS201.3文獻標志碼: A文章編號: 0253-2301(2020)06-0042-05
DOI:10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2020.06.009
Investigation on the Contamination Status ofVibrio Parahaemolyticusin the Aquatic Products Sold in Fuzhou
CAO Xiao 1, HE Wen-sheng 1, CAI Ju-yang 2, YE Liang-xing 2, KE Yi 1
(1. Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering,F(xiàn)uzhou, Fujian 350002, China; 2. Xiamen Hongyi Testing Co., Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China)
Abstract:The investigation on the contamination status ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin the aquatic products sold in Fuzhou would prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases caused by aquatic products and provide references for the departments of food safety supervision. 360 commercially available aquatic products in Fuzhou were collected randomly, and the isolation and culture ofVibrio parahaemolyticuswere conducted according to the national standard(GB 4789.7- 2013 Food Microbiological Analysis). VITEK 2 Compact was used for the identification of the isolated strains and the multiplex fluorescent PCR was used to detect the virulence genes. A total of 115 strains ofVibrio parahaemolyticuswere detected among the 360 samples with the positive detection rate of31.94 %. Among them, the detection rate of fish was31.67 %, the detection rate of shellfish was42.5 %,and the detection rate of crustaceans was21.67 %. The detection rate ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin aquatic products collected from the farmer's market was significantly higher than that from the supermarkets ( P =0.003<0.01 , χ2=8.637 ). The positive detection rate ofVibrio parahaemolyticuswas at its peak from July to September, while the positive detection rate was at a low ebb in December, January, February and March. The carrier rate of virulence gene tlh and was tdh was 100% and29.57 %, respectively. The aquatic products sold in Fuzhou were all contaminated withVibrio parahaemolyticusto varying degrees. It was recommended to heat and cook thoroughly while eating to avoid the cross-contaminationbetweendifferent kinds of aquatic products and reduce the possibility of infection.
不同采樣地點的試驗結(jié)果顯示,超市水產(chǎn)品的副溶血性弧菌檢出率顯著低于農(nóng)貿(mào)市場水產(chǎn)品,原因有可能是超市的整個采購環(huán)節(jié)和管理制度比較完善,超市環(huán)境較為干凈整潔,溫度適宜,尤其是炎熱的夏季,溫度的控制極為重要。更重要的是超市水產(chǎn)品嚴格分類分區(qū)銷售,不容易造成交叉污染。另外,副溶血性弧菌引起的食物中毒具有明顯的季節(jié)性,以夏秋為高發(fā)季節(jié)[12] 。本試驗中副溶血性弧菌的檢出率曲線與月平均溫度曲線的走勢相似,即水產(chǎn)品中副溶血性弧菌的檢出率隨著平均溫度的升高而逐漸增多,當平均溫度達到最高時(7月份至9月份)檢出率達到峰值,而后檢出率隨著平均溫度的降低而減少。由此可見,副溶血性弧菌檢出率和溫度存在相關(guān)性,提示水產(chǎn)品應低溫冷藏保存。這也和不同地點檢測結(jié)果中超市(常年溫度25℃左右)的低檢出率一致。
副溶血性弧菌的致病力與其產(chǎn)生的毒素(溶血素)有關(guān),即 tlh、tdh和trh,分別由tlh、tdh 和 trh 基因編碼[13-17] 。其中,毒力基因 tdh 被認為是副溶血性弧菌最主要的毒力因子[18] 。本次試驗檢出的115 株副溶血性弧菌中有34 株攜帶 tdh 基因,所有分離株都不攜帶 trh 基因,說明(1) tdh 是本地區(qū)副溶血性弧菌污染最主要的致病因子,與陳偉偉等[19] 報道的福建不同來源副溶血性弧菌的毒力因子檢測結(jié)果一致;(2)福州大多數(shù)副溶血性弧菌是trh陰性菌株,此結(jié)果與國外學者的報道類似[20] 。由于本次試驗未進行副溶血性弧菌的PFGE(脈沖場凝膠電泳)分子分型,因此對分離株的溯源分析有待進一步研究。
鑒于以上研究結(jié)果,結(jié)合副溶血性弧菌的流行病學特征,以及其嗜鹽畏酸、不耐高溫的特點,作者認為相關(guān)部門應加強生鮮水產(chǎn)品的衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督和檢驗,擴大教育宣傳范圍,提高餐飲從業(yè)人員的食品安全意識,降低食源性致病菌感染的風險。同時,要引導廣大市民做好對副溶血性弧菌食源性疾病的預防,在食用生鮮水產(chǎn)品時,要燒熟煮透,切勿生食,加工過程中生熟器具分開,烹調(diào)和調(diào)制水產(chǎn)品時加適量食醋,食用前徹底加熱處理,以上措施可以防止生鮮水產(chǎn)以及人群帶菌者對其他食品的直接污染,以及由帶菌砧板、炊具或容器等造成的間接污染,減少食品安全隱患。本研究為福州市的食品安全監(jiān)管及食源性疾病的預防控制提供參考,具有一定的借鑒意義。
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(責任編輯:柯文輝)