杜偉斌 陳榮良 胡華輝 鮑關(guān)愛 沈福祥 曹國平 王利祥 全仁夫
[摘要] 目的 探討基于p38MAPK通路下的電針揚(yáng)刺法對大鼠全層皮膚缺損創(chuàng)面早期血管化及觸覺改善的影響。 方法 選擇健康SD大鼠40只,將其按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)分為4組,分別為模型組、電針組、抑制組和電針+抑制組,每組各10只。模型組制備全層皮膚缺損SD大鼠模型后每天只給予碘伏消毒包扎。電針組給予模型處理后,當(dāng)日即開始電針揚(yáng)刺治療,其后1次/d,共14次。抑制組在造模前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg,其后1次/d。電針+抑制組在每次電針揚(yáng)刺治療前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg。術(shù)后每天對4組大鼠進(jìn)行一般行為觀察,術(shù)后3 d、14 d對4組大鼠創(chuàng)面愈合面積,創(chuàng)面相關(guān)血管標(biāo)志物(CD31、VEGF、vWF)和觸覺感知標(biāo)志物CK20表達(dá)進(jìn)行比較。 結(jié)果 ①一般行為:在精神狀況、反應(yīng)能力、攝食量等方面,術(shù)后第2天4組均恢復(fù)至術(shù)前水平。②創(chuàng)面愈合面積:3 d后4組創(chuàng)面均有所愈合,但不明顯,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。14 d后電針組的創(chuàng)面愈合面積比其他3組更高,且隨著時間推移,創(chuàng)面愈合面積逐漸提高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。③創(chuàng)面相關(guān)血管標(biāo)志物:電針組3 d創(chuàng)面CD31、VEGF、vWF表達(dá)量最多,而14 d表達(dá)量最少,與其他3組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。④觸覺感知標(biāo)志物:14 d后電針組CK20的表達(dá)量相對較多,與其他3組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 電針揚(yáng)刺可抑制p38MAPK通路過度活化,提高創(chuàng)面CD31、VEGF、vWF和CK20表達(dá),在整體上促進(jìn)皮膚缺損創(chuàng)面血供與觸覺修復(fù),最終加速創(chuàng)面愈合。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 電針揚(yáng)刺;p38MAPK通路;創(chuàng)面修復(fù);早期血管化;皮膚缺損
[中圖分類號] R246.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)27-0041-05
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture and pricking based on p38MAPK pathway on early vascularization and tactile improvement of full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods Forty healthy SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups according to the random number table method, including model group, electroacupuncture group, inhibition group and electroacupuncture+inhibition group, with 10 rats in each group.? In the model group, SD rats with full-thickness skin defects were prepared and treated with iodophor for daily dressing. After the model was made in the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture and pricking treatment was started on the same day, and then once a day, with a total of 14 times. In the inhibition group, SB203580 5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 10 minutes before the model was made, and then once a day. In the electroacupuncture + inhibition group, SB203580 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 10 minutes before each electroacupuncture treatment. Every day after operation, the general behaviors of the four groups of rats were observed. The wound area healing, and the expression of wound-related vascular markers (CD31, VEGF, vWF) and tactile perception marker CK20 at 3 d and 14 d after operation between four groups were compared. Results ①General behavior: The mental status, reaction ability, food intake, etc. of the 4 groups recovered to the preoperative level on the second day after surgery. ②Wound healing area: After 3 days, the wounds in all 4 groups healed a little, but not obvious, the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). After 14 days, the wound healing area of the electroacupuncture group was higher than that of the other three groups, and the wound healing gradually increased with time, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). ③Wound-related vascular markers: After 3 days, the expression of CD31, VEGF, and vWF in the electroacupuncture group was the highest, while that on the 14th day was the least, which was statistically different from the other three groups(P<0.01). ④Tactile perception markers: After 14 days, the expression of CK20 in the electroacupuncture group was relatively high and the difference with the other three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture and pricking can inhibit the excessive activation of p38MAPK pathway, increase the expression of CD31, VEGF, vWF and CK20 on the wound surface, promote the blood supply and tactile repair of skin defect wounds on the whole, and finally accelerate the wound healing.
[Key words] Electroacupuncture and pricking; p38MAPK pathway; Wound repair; Early vascularization; Skin defect
皮膚作為人體與外界環(huán)境之間的第一道屏障,是免疫系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分[1-2]。臨床上各種原因(如創(chuàng)傷、燒傷、切割傷等)導(dǎo)致的皮膚面積缺損是目前臨床治療的難點(diǎn)之一[3-4]。皮膚的損傷修復(fù)是一個高度復(fù)雜、精密調(diào)節(jié)的由多種細(xì)胞參與、相互作用并受多種機(jī)制調(diào)節(jié)的過程[5-6]。其中創(chuàng)面血管的新生在組織修復(fù)中有重要意義,可以加速創(chuàng)面與周圍組織建立血液循環(huán),獲取愈合所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),因此如何實(shí)現(xiàn)快速血管化是皮膚創(chuàng)面修復(fù)領(lǐng)域的一大研究熱點(diǎn)。電針刺激是一種調(diào)動皮膚內(nèi)源性電流、糾正創(chuàng)面內(nèi)環(huán)境、加速創(chuàng)面修復(fù)的綠色療法,但其作用機(jī)制尚不明確[7-8]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)基于p38MAPK通路,以電針揚(yáng)刺為主要手段,觀察干預(yù)后大鼠皮膚缺損創(chuàng)面早期血管化及觸覺改善情況,從細(xì)胞增殖階段的創(chuàng)面相關(guān)血管標(biāo)志物和觸覺感知標(biāo)志物蛋白表達(dá)方面,探討基于p38MAPK通路下的電針刺激對創(chuàng)面修復(fù)的影響及可能的作用機(jī)制,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物及主要試劑
清潔級SD大鼠40只,雌雄各半,體重(220±20)g,購自浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心,實(shí)驗(yàn)動物生產(chǎn)許可證號SCXK(滬)2017-0005,實(shí)驗(yàn)動物使用許可證號SYXK(浙)2018-0012,SPF級分籠飼養(yǎng),溫度20~24℃,濕度50%~70%,適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周后進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。CD31抗體(GeneTen,美國);VEGF、vWF、CK20抗體(Gibco,美國);SB203580抑制劑(selleck公司,美國)。
1.2 建立全層皮膚缺損模型
結(jié)合前期造?;A(chǔ)并參考Ansell[9-10]制備全層皮膚切除創(chuàng)面大鼠模型。SD大鼠常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)1周,造模前12 h禁食水,然后予2%戊巴比妥鈉40 mg/kg腹腔注射進(jìn)行麻醉。麻醉達(dá)成后,SD大鼠俯臥位固定于解剖板,造模區(qū)以大鼠背部脊椎左側(cè)或右側(cè)2 cm處為中心,備皮范圍3.5 cm×3.5 cm,創(chuàng)面造模區(qū)1.5 cm×1.5 cm,用手術(shù)剪剪毛、脫毛膏脫毛處理,然后以生理鹽水沖洗、碘伏消毒、乙醇脫碘。以利刀切除創(chuàng)面造模區(qū)中心全層皮膚,深至皮下,制造皮膚全層切除模型。術(shù)后碘伏消毒、壓迫止血,分置清潔籠內(nèi)單籠正常喂養(yǎng),保持傷口干燥,防止傷口感染。
1.3 大鼠分組及處理
將40只健康SD大鼠,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為4組,分別為模型組、電針組、抑制組和電針+抑制組,每組各10只,所有大鼠喂飼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飼料,預(yù)防創(chuàng)口感染。模型組制備全層皮膚缺損SD大鼠模型后每天只給予碘伏消毒包扎。電針組給予模型處理后,當(dāng)日即開始予電針揚(yáng)刺治療(選取創(chuàng)面中心一點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)面邊緣上下左右0.5 cm處正常皮膚各一點(diǎn),給予毫針(0.20 mm×13 mm)針刺,不施針刺手法,然后連接韓氏治療儀進(jìn)行治療,負(fù)極位于中心,正極位于四周,頻率2 Hz,輸出電流0.6~1.0 mA,以毫針出現(xiàn)輕顫為度,1 次/d,每次28 min。抑制組在造模前10 min腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg,其后1次/d。電針+抑制組在每次電針揚(yáng)刺治療前10 min,腹腔注射SB203580 5 mg/kg。
1.4 指標(biāo)評價與檢測
1.4.1 一般行為學(xué)觀察? 實(shí)驗(yàn)開始后每天觀察大鼠的精神狀況、反應(yīng)能力、攝食量、攝水量及存活數(shù)等。
1.4.2 創(chuàng)面面積變化的測定? 用游標(biāo)卡尺測量并計算各組術(shù)后3、14 d的創(chuàng)面面積,面積越小說明愈合越快。
1.4.3 免疫組織化學(xué)檢測? 采用免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測每組大鼠皮膚創(chuàng)面邊緣組織術(shù)后3、14 d的CD31及14 d的CK20蛋白表達(dá)。經(jīng)過脫水、石蠟包埋等步驟,制成切片厚度為4 μm的標(biāo)本。二甲苯脫蠟,梯度酒精復(fù)水,抗原修復(fù),滴加一抗4℃冰箱孵育過夜后孵育二抗,中性樹膠封固后,鏡下觀察拍照,對樣本CD31、CK20的蛋白表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行比較。
1.4.4 Western blot相關(guān)蛋白檢測? 采用Western blot法檢測每組大鼠皮膚創(chuàng)面邊緣組織術(shù)后3、14 d的CD31、VEGF、vWF蛋白表達(dá)。經(jīng)過提取組織總蛋白、BCA法測定蛋白濃度、聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳、轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉、免疫反應(yīng)(一抗和二抗孵育,β-actin作為內(nèi)參)、化學(xué)發(fā)光(ECLA和ECLB兩種混合試劑顯色)、凝膠圖像分析等步驟,對樣本CD31、VEGF、vWF的蛋白表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行條帶及灰度值比較,灰度以Image J軟件進(jìn)行分析。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計量資料以(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般行為學(xué)觀察結(jié)果
實(shí)驗(yàn)動物術(shù)后首日普遍精神較差,可能因麻醉、驚嚇等原因?qū)е拢蟾鹘M實(shí)驗(yàn)動物攝食量、攝水量均不同程度好轉(zhuǎn)并均基本恢復(fù)至正常水平,無實(shí)驗(yàn)動物死亡。
2.2 各組創(chuàng)面修復(fù)情況
術(shù)后3 d 4組創(chuàng)面均有所愈合,但不明顯,電針組與其他3組比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后14 d電針組的創(chuàng)面愈合面積大于其他3組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);隨著時間推移,各組組內(nèi)比較,創(chuàng)面愈合面積逐漸增大,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表1。
2.3 免疫組織化學(xué)檢測情況
術(shù)后3 d電針組CD31陽性表達(dá)量最多,術(shù)后14 d電針組CD31表達(dá)量最少,與其他3組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。術(shù)后14 d各組CK20表達(dá)量均較少,電針組與其他3組比較相對較多,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見封三圖2、表2。
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(收稿日期:2020-03-12)