01 Clarifying the connotations of national qualifications framework： a textual analysis of multiple

national/regional qualifications frameworks

Weijun Zheng， Dingming Wang and Lisheng Wang

08 German Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning： features and implications

Lihua Xie and Xiaojuan Yu

16 Open schooling： the case of COLs Open and Innovative Schooling （OIS） model

Tony John Mays

29 Aligning course content and competency standards to promote competency-based education：

interpreting IMS Competencies and Academic Standards Exchange Specification

Qing Li and Yu Yan

39 Using adapted RFM and GMDH algorithms to predict MOOC user attrition rate

Ling Wei and Xinyue Guo

44 Do social media impact learning performance positively or negatively？

Gaofei Ren and Yaoyao Chen

53 Instructional interactions in connectivist learning

Luoying Huang， Li Chen， Hao Tian and Ruixue Wang

62 Research on smart learning in China in the past decade： evolutions and trends

Xiumei Zhang， Tian Tian， Mengmeng Tian， Lizhi Gao and Xuebo Zhang

70 Developing community education to revitalize rural culture

Lingyu Wang， Xiaoli Jiang， Yifang Zheng and Yuhua Gao

76 Abstracts

78 Contents