張夢嬌 張明 張旭
摘要:目的? 探討UHRF-1蛋白在非小細(xì)胞肺癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。方法? 選取2017年1月1日~12月31日在我院經(jīng)手術(shù)病理檢查確診的非小細(xì)胞肺癌 110 例,另選正常肺組織64例設(shè)為對照。采用免疫組化 SP 法檢測 UHRF-1 蛋白的表達(dá),并分析其與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果? UHRF-1蛋白在肺癌組織中的表達(dá)(88.18%)高于正常組織(40.63%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);不同肺癌分化程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期UHRF-1蛋白表達(dá)比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);不同性別、年齡及腫瘤大小、組織學(xué)類型UHRF-1蛋白比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);其中低分化肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于中、高分化者,伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論? UHRF-1蛋白在非小細(xì)胞肺癌組織中表達(dá)升高,其在非小細(xì)胞肺癌的發(fā)生和轉(zhuǎn)移過程中可能發(fā)揮促進(jìn)作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:非小細(xì)胞肺癌;甲基化;UHRF-1;免疫組織化學(xué)
Abstract:Objective? To investigate the expression and clinical significance of UHRF-1 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.Methods? 110 cases of non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed by surgical pathology in our hospital from January 1st to December 31st, 2017 were selected, and 64 cases of normal lung tissue were selected as controls. The SP method of immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of UHRF-1 protein and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological parameters.Results? The expression of UHRF-1 protein in lung cancer tissues (88.18%) was higher than that in normal tissues (40.63%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); comparison of UHRF-1 protein expression in different lung cancer differentiation levels, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stages,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the UHRF-1 protein of different gender, age, tumor size, and histological type were not statistically different (P>0.05); Among them, the expression of UHRF1 in poorly differentiated lung cancer was higher than that in the middle and well-differentiated patients, the expression of UHRF1 in lung cancer with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in those without lymph node metastasis, and the expression of UHRF1 in stage III-IV lung cancer was higher than that of I-II,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion? UHRF-1 protein expression is elevated in non-small cell lung cancer tissues, and it may play a role in promoting the occurrence and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.
Key words:Non-small cell lung cancer;Methylation;UHRF-1;Immunohistochemistry
肺癌(lung cancer)是一種常見的惡性腫瘤,所有惡性腫瘤中肺癌的發(fā)病率和病死率均是第1位[1],對人類生命健康造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。肺癌的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移是導(dǎo)致患者治療效果不佳和死亡最重要的因素,因此研究肺癌侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制,尋找抑制其侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的靶點(diǎn),對肺癌的治療有著重要意義。近年來研究表明泛素樣含PHD和環(huán)指域1(ubiquitin-like containing phd ring finger 1,UHRF-1)在膀胱癌、肝癌等多種惡性腫瘤呈高表達(dá)[2-6]。既往研究顯示[7],抑制肺癌A549細(xì)胞中UHRF1的表達(dá)可誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞的凋亡,本團(tuán)隊(duì)前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制肺癌A549細(xì)胞UHRF1表達(dá),可降低癌細(xì)胞侵襲和遷移能力[8],但臨床中UHRF1與肺癌的浸潤和轉(zhuǎn)移是否相關(guān)尚不明確。本研究通過檢測肺腺癌、鱗癌、正常支氣管和肺泡組織中UHRF-1蛋白表達(dá),分析UHRF1與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系,旨在進(jìn)一步明確UHRF1與肺癌侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料? 收集2017年1月1日~12月31日在西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院胸外科經(jīng)手術(shù)病理檢查確診的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者110例為研究對象,診斷均采用2015 版 WHO 肺腫瘤分類診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所有患者手術(shù)前均未接受化療或放療?;颊咧心?1 例、女39 例,年齡36~78歲,平均年齡(59.86±11.88)歲;腺癌74例、鱗癌36例;低分化46例,中高分化64例;有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移65 例,無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移45例。選取癌旁正常組織64例(肺泡35例,支氣管29例)設(shè)為對照。
1.2檢測方法
1.2.1試劑與染色方法? 鼠抗人UHRF-1蛋白抗體、兔抗人GAPDH抗體購自英國ABcam公司,DAB試劑盒和免疫組化染色試劑盒購自北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司,蘇木素染液購自南京建成科技有限公司。全部組織標(biāo)本采用10%甲醛溶液固定和石蠟包埋,連續(xù)切片,切片厚度4 μm,切片常規(guī)脫蠟、抗原修復(fù)、滴加抗體、DAB顯色、蘇木素復(fù)染、脫水、透明、封片,所有步驟均按照免疫組化試劑盒說明書操作。
1.2.2染色結(jié)果判定? 顯微鏡下觀察免疫組化染色結(jié)果,UHRF1表達(dá)量取決于染色強(qiáng)度和陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)。采用雙盲法,兩位病理科醫(yī)生對UHRF1表達(dá)量進(jìn)行評分。染色強(qiáng)度為0~3分,依次為無染色、淺黃色、黃色、棕黃色;陽性細(xì)胞構(gòu)成比得分為0~4分,依次為<5%,6%~25%,26%~50%,51%~75%,>76%,兩項(xiàng)相乘獲得最后得分[9]。UHRF1表達(dá)程度分為陰性(-)、弱陽性(+)、中等陽性(++)、強(qiáng)陽性(+++),其對應(yīng)分值為0分、1~4分、5~8分、9~12分。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析使用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行。肺癌組織和癌旁正常組織中UHRF1蛋白的表達(dá)差異采用?字2檢驗(yàn)分析;肺癌組織UHRF1蛋白的表達(dá)與臨床病理參數(shù)間的關(guān)系采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)分析。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2結(jié)果
2.1 UHRF1蛋白在肺癌組織和癌旁正常組織中的表達(dá)? UHRF1主要定位于胞核中,在胞質(zhì)中也有一定表達(dá)。在 110例肺癌組織中陽性表達(dá) 97 例(88.18%),其中弱陽性38例(34.55%),中等陽性43例(39.09%),強(qiáng)陽性16例(14.55%);而在64例癌旁組織中,陽性表達(dá)26例 (40.63%),其中弱陽性20例(31.25%),中等陽性4例(6.25%),強(qiáng)陽性2例(3.13%);肺癌組織中UFRF1表達(dá)高于正常組織(P<0.05),見圖1。
2.2 UHRF-1與肺癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系? 不同肺癌分化程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期UHRF-1蛋白表達(dá)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);不同性別、年齡及腫瘤大小、組織學(xué)類型UHRF-1蛋白比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);低分化肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于中、高分化者,伴淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期肺癌UHRF1表達(dá)高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
3討論
UHRF1作為表觀遺傳學(xué)中重要的調(diào)節(jié)蛋白,可通過其SRA結(jié)構(gòu)域識別半甲基化的DNA,招募DNA 甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶1維持DNA 甲基化,進(jìn)而對基因表達(dá)進(jìn)行調(diào)控[10]。UHRF1與細(xì)胞增殖密切相關(guān),在細(xì)胞分裂過程中可促進(jìn)G1/S向G2/M期快速轉(zhuǎn)換,有利于細(xì)胞增殖,在骨髓、脾臟及睪丸等增殖速度快的細(xì)胞中呈高表達(dá)。既往研究顯示UHRF1在多種類型的癌癥中均發(fā)現(xiàn)高表達(dá),如肝癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌及髓母細(xì)胞癌[2-5],且研究顯示UHRF1高表達(dá)可沉默腫瘤抑制基因,促進(jìn)結(jié)腸癌、胃癌等腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖[11-13],而降低UHRF1的表達(dá)可抑制肺癌、乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖[7,14]??梢奤HRF1的高表達(dá)和惡性腫瘤有著密切的關(guān)系。本研究結(jié)果顯示肺癌組織UHRF1蛋白表達(dá)明顯高于正常肺組織,這也提示UHRF1在肺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中可能發(fā)揮著促進(jìn)作用。
UHRF1表達(dá)與腫瘤患者分期和預(yù)后密切相關(guān),Saidi S等[2]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高級別膀胱癌UHRF1表達(dá)明顯高于低級別膀胱癌,UHRF1高表達(dá)的膀胱癌多為肌肉浸潤型,病灶轉(zhuǎn)移更為常見,治療后易復(fù)發(fā),預(yù)后相對更差。有關(guān)胃癌的研究顯示[10],組織分化程度低、伴淋巴及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期晚患者UHRF1表達(dá)相對更高,UHRF1表達(dá)越高,患者生存期越短。UHRF1高表達(dá)可提高腫瘤抑制基因(如:UBE2L6、CDH1、IGFBP3)甲基化程度,抑制腫瘤抑制基因轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致腫瘤的發(fā)生、侵襲及轉(zhuǎn)移[3,15,16]。本團(tuán)隊(duì)前期研究通過慢病毒介導(dǎo)的shRNA 沉默肺癌A549細(xì)胞中UHRF1 基因表達(dá),可降低A549 細(xì)胞侵襲和遷移能力[8]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)臨床肺癌組織中UHRF1 表達(dá)與腫瘤分化、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期有關(guān),高水平表達(dá)UHRF1者腫瘤常呈低分化,腫瘤分化越低,侵襲性越強(qiáng),也更容易發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,UHRF1表達(dá)較高者,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移明顯,臨床分期較晚??梢奤HRF1對非小細(xì)胞肺癌的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移可能產(chǎn)生促進(jìn)作用。
綜上所述,非小細(xì)胞肺癌組織中UHRF1呈高表達(dá),與腫瘤分化程度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期密切相關(guān),對非小細(xì)胞肺癌的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移起到促進(jìn)作用。UHRF1可成為協(xié)助肺癌診斷及預(yù)后推測的較好標(biāo)記物,同時(shí)可為肺癌個(gè)體化治療提供新的思路。
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收稿日期:2020-05-12;修回日期:2020-06-12
編輯/肖婷婷