林瀚妮?李管明?張靄潤?翁立堅(jiān)?房曉祎
【摘要】新生兒腸道病毒感染以隱匿感染為主,癥狀不典型,但可發(fā)生嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,甚至導(dǎo)致死亡,可引起新生兒病房暴發(fā)性感染。該文報(bào)道1例因感染柯薩奇病毒(CV)A6導(dǎo)致壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎、腸穿孔、感染性休克的新生兒。患兒為女性,因皮膚黃染及排血便而入院,結(jié)合臨床表現(xiàn)及完善相關(guān)檢查后考慮為壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎、敗血癥。經(jīng)予積極綜合治療后,包括禁食、胃腸減壓、擴(kuò)容、抗感染、輸注血液制品等,患兒于住院第28 日痊愈并出院?;純撼鲈汉蟠蟊隳孓D(zhuǎn)錄PCR結(jié)果回報(bào):住院第2日、第23日大便 CV A6均陽性,遂補(bǔ)充診斷為新生兒CV感染。新生兒敗血癥需重視腸道病毒感染可能,及時(shí)進(jìn)行病原學(xué)檢測十分重要。
【關(guān)鍵詞】腸道病毒;柯薩奇病毒;新生兒;感染性休克;腸穿孔;壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎
Necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal perforation in a term infant caused by Coxsackievirus A6: a case report Lin Hanni, Li Guanming, Zhang Airun, Weng Lijian, Fang Xiaoyi. Department of Neonatology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
Corresponding author, Fang Xiaoyi, E-mail: judyfangxy@ 126. com
【Abstract】Neonatal enterovirus (EV) is mainly manifested with occult infection and atypical symptoms. However, it may cause severe complications, and even death. It can also lead to the outbreak of nosocomial infection in the neonatal ward. In this article, one female case of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal perforation and septic shock caused by Coxsackievirus (CV) A6 infection was reported. She was admitted to hospital due to yellow skin and bloody stool. The possibility of necrotizing enterocolitis and septicemia was considered according to clinical manifestations combined with relevant examinations. After active and comprehensive treatment including fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, volume expansion, anti-infection, and infusion of blood products, the neonate was cured and discharged. At the 2nd and 23rd d after hospitalization, RT-PCR revealed the stool samples were positive for CV A6. Hence, she was diagnosed with neonatal CV infection. The possibility of EV infection should be considered for neonatal septicemia. It is of significance to deliver detection of the pathogen.
【Key words】Enterovirus;Coxsackievirus;Newborn;Septic shock;Intestinal perforation;
Necrotizing enterocolitis
腸道病毒(EV)是單股正鏈RNA病毒,屬于微小RNA病毒科,是嬰幼兒感染常見病毒[1]。EV型別眾多,包括:①人脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒1 ~ 3型;②人柯薩奇病毒(CV),A組(CVA)1 ~ 22型和24型,CV A23型為??刹《?型,CV A6可引起手足口病,B組(CVB)1 ~ 6型;③致腸細(xì)胞病變?nèi)斯聝翰《荆‥CHO),即埃可病毒1 ~ 9、11 ~ 21、24 ~ 27、29 ~ 33共29個(gè)血清型,E22型、23型分別是副腸孤病毒1型和2型;④新型EV 68 ~ 72型,其中1971年分出的EV D70型可引起急性出血性結(jié)膜炎,EV A71型可引起手足口病,EV A72型為甲型肝炎病毒[2]。新生兒可通過胎盤、產(chǎn)道或生后獲得性感染EV,并可因母親、醫(yī)護(hù)人員或新生兒間交叉感染在新生兒病房引起EV暴發(fā)流行[3]。新生兒感染多由CV和ECHO引起,雖然大多數(shù)患兒出現(xiàn)的是非典型或輕微的臨床癥狀,但也有發(fā)生危及生命的感染可能而導(dǎo)致預(yù)后不良[4-5]。在本文中,筆者報(bào)道1例因感染CV A6而引發(fā)壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎(NEC)的新生兒病例,以引起臨床醫(yī)師對新生兒EV感染的重視,加強(qiáng)管理。
病例資料
一、主訴及病史
臨床上可通過血、糞便、尿液等病毒分離方法明確EV感染的診斷,但耗時(shí)較長、不實(shí)用,目前多采用RT-PCR方法檢測病毒血清型,較為快速、準(zhǔn)確。
新生兒EV感染無特殊治療,主要是對癥及支持治療。本例經(jīng)過抗休克、禁食、胃腸減壓、抗生素及維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定等保守治療后癥狀逐漸好轉(zhuǎn),2周后重新喂養(yǎng)、??股?,胃腸功能恢復(fù),全身表現(xiàn)良好,最終獲得痊愈。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道大劑量丙種Ig能提供特異性抗體,可以改善嚴(yán)重EV感染的預(yù)后,但缺乏科學(xué)證據(jù)支持[14]。有臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí)EV衣殼抑制劑Pocapavir、Pleconaril能較快清除病毒、降低病死率,但無法逆轉(zhuǎn)已發(fā)生的器官損傷,對嚴(yán)重EV感染效果不佳[15-16]。
綜上所述,新生兒EV感染可致嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,臨床醫(yī)師必須高度重視。在臨床工作中,我們必須密切觀察新生兒病情變化,做到早預(yù)防、早識別和早處理,避免發(fā)生嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-22)
(本文編輯:洪悅民)