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消栓飲對(duì)治療氣滯血瘀型半月板損傷關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹影響的臨床觀察

2020-08-14 10:15譚劍濤王勇
云南中醫(yī)中藥雜志 2020年5期

譚劍濤 王勇

摘要:目的觀察消栓飲對(duì)治療氣滯血瘀型半月板損傷關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹的療效。方法將50例2018年3月—2019年6月在本院關(guān)節(jié)科病房診斷為氣滯血瘀型半月板損傷行關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)出現(xiàn)腫脹的患者;用七葉皂苷鈉治療的作對(duì)照組,采用消栓飲治療的為治療組,隨機(jī)每組25例,在相同常規(guī)治療條件下進(jìn)行為期1周的治療觀察。結(jié)果治療組腫脹恢復(fù)率為84%,對(duì)照組為68%,治療組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,兩者比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組在膝關(guān)節(jié)VAS疼痛評(píng)分,膝關(guān)節(jié)平均腫脹恢復(fù)時(shí)間,膝關(guān)節(jié)ROM角度,Lysholm關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論消栓飲治療氣滯血瘀型半月板損傷關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹對(duì)比七葉皂苷鈉見效更佳,整體臨床恢復(fù)效果顯著。

關(guān)鍵詞:消栓飲;七葉皂苷鈉;半月板損傷;膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡

中圖分類號(hào):R255.6文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:B文章編號(hào):1007-2349(2020)04-0017-04

Clinical Observation on Effect of Thrombus-expelling Decoction on the Treatmentof Knee Joint Swelling after Arthroscopic Treatment of Meniscus Injurywith Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis Type

TAN Jian-tao1,WANG Yong2

(1. Graduate School of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410005,China;2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410005,China)

【Abstract】Objective:To observe the curative effect of Thrombus-expelling Decoction on the treatment of knee joint swelling after arthroscopic treatment of meniscus injury with qi stagnation and blood stasis type. Methods:50 patients who were diagnosed as knee joint swelling after arthroscopic treatment of meniscus injury and with qi stagnation and blood stasis type from March 2018 to June 2019 in the arthritis ward of our hospital were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,25 cases per group. The control group was treated with sodium aescinate and the treatment group was given Thrombus-expelling Decoction. Under the same conventional treatment conditions,the two groups were treated and observed for 1 week. Results:The recovery rate of swelling in the treatment group was 84% and that in the control group was 68%. The treatment group was significantly better than the control group. The comparison of the two groups had statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The swelling recovery time,knee ROM angle,Lysholm joint function score of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Thrombus-expelling Decoction is more effective than sodium aescin in the treatment of knee joint swelling after arthroscopic treatment of meniscus injury with qi stagnation and blood stasis type,and the overall clinical recovery effect is significant.

【Key words】Thrombus-expelling Decoction,sodium aescinate,meniscus injury,knee arthroscopy

膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷是關(guān)節(jié)科臨床上常見病和多發(fā)病,多見于參加運(yùn)動(dòng)或從事體力勞動(dòng)的中青年人,本病多因扭轉(zhuǎn)外力引起。在當(dāng)今關(guān)節(jié)外科中,膝關(guān)節(jié)退行性變、創(chuàng)傷、感染等因素引起的膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨或韌帶方面的損傷,首選膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡[1]。[HJ2.4mm]故關(guān)節(jié)鏡是半月板損傷患者的最佳選擇,相較傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)而言,膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡既是一種有效的檢查手段,又是一種創(chuàng)傷小,出血少,恢復(fù)快的治療手段[2]。但據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道:腫脹在膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后的發(fā)生率高達(dá)90%,術(shù)后嚴(yán)重血管、神經(jīng)方面并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率最高可達(dá)8.2%[3]。如今臨床上膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡廣泛普及,膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡預(yù)后也成為當(dāng)下研究熱點(diǎn)。

2.32組ROM角度(°)、Lysholm關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分比較從表4可以看出2組患者治療后ROM角度治療組大于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組膝關(guān)節(jié)Lysholm關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

3討論

“膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡”是眾多骨科醫(yī)師眼中的小手術(shù),但無(wú)論多小的手術(shù)都不能規(guī)避它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),腫脹是它最常見的一個(gè)并發(fā)癥。

西醫(yī)目前普遍認(rèn)為外傷所致膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷行關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹的主要原因是:(1)關(guān)節(jié)鏡手術(shù)中大量生理鹽水的沖洗導(dǎo)致向鄰近組織外滲,引起膝關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)積液形成;(2)術(shù)中對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)滑膜的清理,半月板的縫合和成形的過程中造成了膝關(guān)節(jié)軟組織局部微循環(huán)障礙;(3)膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)本身或者術(shù)后反應(yīng)性的炎癥反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致或者進(jìn)一步加重腫脹。西醫(yī)常用七葉皂苷鈉等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低的利水消腫藥來(lái)改善膝關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹。七葉皂苷鈉雖然是一種增加靜脈張力、擴(kuò)張血管的藥物,能有效的改善微循環(huán),導(dǎo)致滲出減少,從而達(dá)到消腫抗炎的作用。但是仍有相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)記載:應(yīng)用七葉皂苷鈉的患者靜脈炎發(fā)生率逐年升高[9],這是應(yīng)用七葉皂苷鈉隱藏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

研究報(bào)道,應(yīng)用中醫(yī)藥術(shù)后消腫臨床效果明顯[10]。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為外傷致膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷行關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹屬于“水腫”的范疇[11]?!墩w類要》指出肢體損傷后會(huì)影響體內(nèi)氣血的運(yùn)行,營(yíng)衛(wèi)之氣無(wú)法灌注,導(dǎo)致臟腑功能失調(diào)[12]。因此,對(duì)術(shù)后膝關(guān)節(jié)的腫脹調(diào)理應(yīng)從全身臟腑出發(fā),注重局部和整體的關(guān)系加以辨證論治。故經(jīng)歷過外傷及手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷的膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷的患者,經(jīng)絡(luò)受損,脈道不通,局部氣血受阻,靠氣推動(dòng)的血、津、液在膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍停聚,瘀血停而聚而化水液,形成水腫[13]。故其病因病機(jī)核心在“氣滯血瘀”,此時(shí)應(yīng)“行氣活血,通絡(luò)利水”;消栓飲恰會(huì)其功,目前研究表明,消栓飲具有加快血液流速,改善血液高凝狀態(tài),在預(yù)防下肢深靜脈血栓形成以及下肢水腫方面有良好的療效[14];方中黃芪為君,桂枝有溫經(jīng)通痹的功效,當(dāng)歸尾既補(bǔ)血又活血,祛瘀血而不傷新血;加上白芍養(yǎng)肝血,柔肝陰,兼和血通痹;輔以丹參活血通經(jīng),行于血分兼清血分之瘀熱;牛膝引藥下行;大腹皮、茯苓、豬苓、澤瀉行氣利水;川陳皮、枳殼理氣和胃,醒脾化濕,行氣助消腫;甘草調(diào)和藥性??v觀全方配伍合理,補(bǔ)中有泄,嚴(yán)格遵循“補(bǔ)氣生血,利水通絡(luò)”治則,臨床上已驗(yàn)證對(duì)于術(shù)后腫脹效果極佳.本觀察結(jié)果顯示:氣滯血瘀型膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷患者關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后應(yīng)用消栓飲組腫脹恢復(fù)率為84%,對(duì)照組七葉皂苷鈉為68%,治療組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,兩者比較具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),另外治療組在膝關(guān)節(jié)VAS疼痛評(píng)分,膝關(guān)節(jié)平均腫脹恢復(fù)時(shí)間,膝關(guān)節(jié)ROM角度,以及2組之間的Lysholm關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分,治療組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05).與對(duì)照組相比,消栓飲應(yīng)用靈活,運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)單,可根據(jù)患者的癥狀可以酌情加減藥物,不僅可以改善術(shù)后局部相關(guān)病情,而且進(jìn)一步可以調(diào)理全身的基本情況。

綜上所述,本次研究表明消栓飲可以有效緩解氣滯血瘀型膝關(guān)節(jié)半月板損傷關(guān)節(jié)鏡術(shù)后腫脹,改善患者術(shù)后疼痛,利于術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)功能的恢復(fù),提高臨床整體治療效果,值得推廣。[KG)]

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(收稿日期:2019-12-23)

作者簡(jiǎn)介:譚劍濤(1994-),男,在讀研究生,研究方向:中醫(yī)骨傷。