李壬秀 江春蘭
[摘要] 目的 探討分析超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)治療腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石的護(hù)理效果。方法 方便選取2017年1月—2019年7月醫(yī)院收治的50例腎結(jié)石或輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者,隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,各25例。對(duì)照組患者予以常規(guī)護(hù)理;觀察組患者在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,予以護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,比較兩組患者的疼痛程度評(píng)分、住院時(shí)間、護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分之間的差異。結(jié)果 觀察組患者的疼痛程度NRS評(píng)分(3.16±0.095)分低于對(duì)照組的(5.48±0.117)分(t=76.968,P=0.000),住院時(shí)間(4.52±0.193)d短于對(duì)照組的(8.28±0.286)d(t=54.488,P=0.000),護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分(96.96±0.04)分高于對(duì)照組的(89.16±0.745)分(t=52.274,P=0.000)。結(jié)論 在超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者予以強(qiáng)化護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,能夠顯著降低疼痛程度,縮短住院時(shí)間,具有更高的護(hù)理滿意度。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 超微通道無(wú)管化;經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù);腎結(jié)石;輸尿管上段結(jié)石;護(hù)理效果
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the nursing effect of ultra-microchannel tubeless percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of kidney and upper ureteral stones. Methods Convenient select 50 patients with kidney stones or upper ureteral stones treated in the hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 25 cases each. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing care; patients in the observation group were given nursing interventions based on the control group, and the differences in pain scores, hospital stays, and nursing satisfaction scores were compared between the two groups. Results The NRS score of patients in the observation group (3.16 ± 0.095)points was lower than that in the control group (5.48±0.117)points(t=76.968, P=0.000). The length of hospital stay (4.52±0.193) d was shorter than that in the control group (8.28±0.286)d(t=54.488, P=0.000). The nursing satisfaction score (96.96±0.04)points was higher than that of the control group(89.16±0.745)points(t=52.274, P=0.000). Conclusion Based on the routine nursing of ultramicrochannel percutaneous nephroscopy, intensive nursing interventions for patients with kidney and upper ureteral stones can significantly reduce pain, shorten hospital stay, and have higher nursing satisfaction.
[Key words] Ultramicrochannel angioscopy; Percutaneous nephroscope; Kidney stones; Upper ureteral stones; Nursing effect
腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石是臨床上頗為常見(jiàn)的疾病,其發(fā)病率隨著人們生活方式的改變,呈現(xiàn)為明顯的上升態(tài)勢(shì),病情發(fā)作主要表現(xiàn)為劇烈疼痛,給患者健康造成傷害[1-2]。近年來(lái),伴隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)成為了當(dāng)前治療腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石的重要方式,在臨床上的應(yīng)用日益廣泛[3-4]。護(hù)理措施直接關(guān)系患者的臨床療效與預(yù)后情況,也會(huì)給生活質(zhì)量造成非常重大的影響[5-6]。該研究中,筆者方便選取2017年1月—2019年7月醫(yī)院收治的50例腎結(jié)石或輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者為研究對(duì)象,探討分析超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)治療腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石的護(hù)理效果,旨在為科學(xué)制訂臨床護(hù)理措施提供參考依據(jù),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1? 資料與方法
1.1? 一般資料
方便選取該院收治的50例腎結(jié)石或輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者,均經(jīng)靜脈尿路造影與CT檢查確診,符合超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)治療的相關(guān)手術(shù)指征;排除合并心肺肝腦腎血管疾病;凝血功能異常;需要多個(gè)通道才能取凈的復(fù)雜型結(jié)石等;取得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批和患者知情同意。隨機(jī)分為:觀察組(n=25例)與對(duì)照組(n=25例)。觀察組:男性19例,女性6例;年齡18~67歲,平均(55.43±6.71)歲;腎結(jié)石19例,輸尿管上段結(jié)石6例;結(jié)石直徑10~30 mm,平均(18.62±4.55)mm。對(duì)照組:男性15例,女性10例;年齡18~68歲,平均(55.38±6.64)歲;腎結(jié)石6例,輸尿管上段結(jié)石19例;結(jié)石直徑10~30 mm,平均(18.59±4.5)mm。兩組間資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2? 研究方法
所有患者入院后,均在完善相關(guān)檢查后,采用超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)進(jìn)行治療。對(duì)照組患者予以健康宣教、遵醫(yī)囑用藥、飲食指導(dǎo)等常規(guī)護(hù)理。觀察組患者在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,予以護(hù)理干預(yù)措施:①術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備:督促患者提前進(jìn)行體位練習(xí),在受力部位增墊柔軟的枕頭,逐漸增加鍛煉的持續(xù)時(shí)間與力度,增強(qiáng)手術(shù)適應(yīng)能力;②心理護(hù)理:充分了解患者的基本情況、心理狀態(tài)、主觀感受等,詳細(xì)講述疾病與手術(shù)相關(guān)知識(shí),幫助患者理解手術(shù)的目的意義,告知患者需要注意的相關(guān)事項(xiàng),引導(dǎo)患者積極面對(duì)疾病,提高手術(shù)治療與護(hù)理措施的依從性;③術(shù)中護(hù)理:密切觀察患者的臨床體征、出血傾向、心電功能變化等情況,遵醫(yī)囑應(yīng)用抗生素藥物,在靜脈注射時(shí)采用37℃左右的恒溫給藥,避免感染與體寒現(xiàn)象發(fā)生;④術(shù)后護(hù)理:密切關(guān)注患者體溫等生命體征變化,注意保暖;有效固定導(dǎo)尿管,注意把握好尿袋的放置位置與高度,避免逆行感染的發(fā)生;囑患者多飲水,定時(shí)沖洗膀胱,注意泌尿系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)生,及時(shí)清洗尿道口;⑤并發(fā)癥護(hù)理:密切關(guān)注患者的生命體征、血壓變化,嚴(yán)密記錄術(shù)后出血量與24 h尿量,協(xié)助患者調(diào)整體位,發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況,及時(shí)報(bào)告主管醫(yī)師進(jìn)行處理。
1.3? 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)
比較兩組患者疼痛程度、住院時(shí)間、護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分之間的差異。疼痛程度采用疼痛數(shù)字評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)分法(NRS)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,即患者將個(gè)人的疼痛感受從無(wú)痛-劇痛采用0~10這11個(gè)數(shù)字進(jìn)行表示;護(hù)理滿意度采用不記名問(wèn)卷調(diào)查總分100分。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
運(yùn)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
觀察組患者的疼痛程度NRS評(píng)分、住院時(shí)間皆低于對(duì)照組,護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
3? 討論
近年來(lái),微創(chuàng)理念在現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)外科手術(shù)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,更加符合患者及家屬的臨床醫(yī)療服務(wù)需求,因而受到了臨床醫(yī)師與患者的普遍青睞[7-9]。超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)就是治療腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石常用的微創(chuàng)手術(shù)方式,對(duì)患者的健康恢復(fù)與生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響,需要采取積極有效的護(hù)理干預(yù)措施[10-12]。
研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者的疼痛程度NRS評(píng)分(3.16±0.095)分低于對(duì)照組的(5.48±0.117)分(P<0.05),住院時(shí)間(4.52±0.193)d短于對(duì)照組的(8.28±0.286)d(P<0.05),護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分(96.96±0.04)分高于對(duì)照組的(89.16±0.745)分(P<0.05),這一結(jié)果與梁善玲等[13]“護(hù)理干預(yù)組患者的可視化疼痛(VAS)評(píng)分(2.17±0.93)分明顯低于對(duì)照組的(4.16±0.82)分(P<0.05)”的研究報(bào)道基本一致,觀察組患者疼痛程度NRS評(píng)分、住院時(shí)間皆低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),在常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上予以心理護(hù)理、術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、術(shù)中護(hù)理、術(shù)后護(hù)理等強(qiáng)化護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,能夠顯著地降低接受超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)治療的腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者術(shù)后疼痛程度,縮短住院時(shí)間,更加符合患者及家屬對(duì)于臨床護(hù)理服務(wù)的需求[14-15],具有更高的護(hù)理滿意度。這對(duì)于減輕患者術(shù)后痛苦、促進(jìn)健康恢復(fù)、改善生活質(zhì)量具有非常重要的意義。
綜上所述,在超微通道無(wú)管化經(jīng)皮腎鏡術(shù)常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)腎和輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者予以強(qiáng)化護(hù)理干預(yù)措施,能夠顯著降低疼痛程度,縮短住院時(shí)間,具有更高的護(hù)理滿意度。
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(收稿日期:2019-12-15)