余曉瑩

【摘要】閱讀是學(xué)生接觸語言信息、參與語言實(shí)踐的重要途徑。提高英語閱讀能力是培養(yǎng)語言交際能力的重要方式。本文針對(duì)高中閱讀理解在學(xué)生語言學(xué)習(xí)能力的重要地位，初步探討了幾種解題技巧。

【關(guān)鍵詞】閱讀理解;解題技巧

英語閱讀教學(xué)在日常教學(xué)中起著舉足輕重的作用。根據(jù)閱讀能力測(cè)試的要求，高考閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，并加大對(duì)主旨大意題、推理判斷題和詞義猜測(cè)題的考查力度。這就要求學(xué)生要具備有效的閱讀技巧和策略，下面介紹這四種題的解題技巧。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧首先要忠實(shí)于閱讀材料，扣緊材料來解答。在題干中找出關(guān)鍵詞，特別注意名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞等實(shí)詞或者關(guān)鍵句，再回到原文定位。例如以下第1 、2題均可采用關(guān)鍵詞定位法解答。在主旨大意題方面必須要找準(zhǔn)主題句。在很多情況下，議論文、說明文都可以通過主題句來歸納出文章的主題。主題句往往比較明顯，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在首段、末段或者首句、末句。在第一段中but， however等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞后往往就是主題句。

推理判斷題的主要技巧：根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論，推斷出作者的寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度;抓住特定的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理;細(xì)讀題目，找出它與原文中那些句子有關(guān)系;結(jié)合已有知識(shí)進(jìn)行合理的推斷。

詞義猜測(cè)題的解題技巧：1.釋義法。指的是文章的生詞用同位語（從句）、定語（從句）、表語甚至用破折號(hào)等加以解釋說明;2.構(gòu)詞法;3.同義法;4.反義法，如以下第3題;5.情景推斷法;6.代詞替代法等。

此外，在解題過程中還應(yīng)該運(yùn)用合適的方法，如略讀、跳讀、句型轉(zhuǎn)換和排除法等。細(xì)節(jié)理解題經(jīng)常用跳讀的方法來獲取具體信息得出正確答案。有時(shí)在細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題中，文段中找到的信息點(diǎn)往往需要加工處理才會(huì)成為選項(xiàng)，那么這時(shí)就需要用到句型轉(zhuǎn)換，如以下第1、2、4題。排除法也是不錯(cuò)的方法。

下面以一篇閱讀為例，探討英語閱讀理解的解題技巧。

本次練習(xí)內(nèi)容：給出一篇閱讀理解（摘自《步步高 高考總復(fù)習(xí)·新課標(biāo)·英語》61-62頁），給學(xué)生7- 8分鐘時(shí)間左右時(shí)間做題。

Having effective time management skills means that you are able to employ your time and get a list of things done in an established time frame. When you are able to accomplish all tasks on a list in the given time， you know you have good time management skills. You can see the problems it would cause if the time management skills are lacking or missing all together. There are effects emotionally when we have the feeling of failure， and that we have wasted away a day when we could have been doing something else.

Planning your day to activities can become a lot easier if you keep a planner. You shouldn't plan over 168 hours of your week. Also， remember to take sleeping and eating into account， or other necessary activities. Another good rule is to be realistic about your goals. And if you know a project is going to take you 20 minutes， don't write 15 minutes down.

Employers like to see people who have good time management skills. If an employee doesn't use good time management skills then profits may be lost， and the boss is not likely to be happy with that result. People who do not have good time management skills are usually deemed（相信，認(rèn)為）lazy and unproductive. If you would like your life to be more productive and more rewarding then you should consider adopting good time management skills. To successfully acquire these skills you need to follow the plans and goals you set for yourself each day. It is not hard to develop good time management skills， but it does take some time. You will need to have discipline to convert old bad habits into positive new ones.

When you use your time effectively then you will find yourself feeling less stress， and having more time in the long run to enjoy your life， and also your work.

1. Having effective time management skills means that ? ? ? ?.

A. everything of the day will be done well

B. you can make good use of your time

C. you can have the most wonderful emotional effects

D. you will have no failure in dealing with affairs

2. How can we plan our day easier according to the author？

A. By planning every hour of every day.

B. By planning a longer time for an easy task.

C. Not to consider sleeping and eating.

D. By keeping a planner and being realistic about our goals.

3.The underlined word in the third paragraph means“ ? ? ? ”.

A. rid ? B. change ? C. throw ? D. keep

4. We can learn from the passage that ? ? ? ?.

A. people who do not have good time management skills must be lazy

B. a man who has the feeling of failure also has emotional effects

C. it is not easy for people who do not have good time management skills to find a job

D. if you want to have good time management skills you should ignore old habits

5. This passage is most likely to be found in ? ? ? ? .

A. a story book B. a geography textbook

C. a research report ? ?D. a travel magazine

針對(duì)練習(xí)題，詳細(xì)分析解題技巧

這篇閱讀理解用到了上述的一些解題技巧;關(guān)鍵詞（句）定位法、反義法、略讀法、跳讀法、句型轉(zhuǎn)換法和排除法。如：

第1題： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。優(yōu)先采用關(guān)鍵句定位法。根據(jù)題干可以找出首句“Having effective time management skills means that you are able to employ your time and get a list of things done in an established time frame.”即“充分利用時(shí)間”。故選B。

第2 題：推理判斷題。優(yōu)先采用關(guān)鍵詞定位法。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“plan our day”在第二段找到“Planning your day …if you keep a planner.”及“Another good rule is to be realistic about your goals.”可選D。

第3題：詞義猜測(cè)題。將信息點(diǎn)定位在第三段，找出含有生詞的句子。在句子有介詞into的提示，以及old bad habits和positive new ones這組反義詞，我們不難猜出convert的意思為change.故選B。

第4題：推理判斷題。由第一段中“There are effects emotionally when we have the feeling of failure…”可以得出答案B項(xiàng)。

第5 題：主旨?xì)w納題。本文涉及的是“如何合理利用時(shí)間”等內(nèi)容，沒有涉及到故事、地理或旅游等內(nèi)容，排除A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，選擇C項(xiàng)。

總之，提高學(xué)生英語閱讀能力應(yīng)該在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中培養(yǎng)，多分析題型，掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧，才能使學(xué)生在英語考試中立于不敗之地。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]杜志建.專題調(diào)研-問題診斷學(xué)習(xí)法[M].汕頭大學(xué)出版社，2010（43）.