王皓田 李娜 陳文芳
[摘要] 目的 探討淫羊藿苷(ICA)對脂多糖(LPS)誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng)的抑制作用。方法將細(xì)胞種于6孔板,分為對照組、LPS組和ICA給藥組。對照組先用1 μL二甲基亞礬(DMSO)處理細(xì)胞1 h,再加入1 μL生理鹽水;LPS組先用1 μL DMSO預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,再加入LPS (終濃度1 mg/L)處理細(xì)胞6 h;ICA給藥組先用不同濃度的ICA (0.1、1.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L)預(yù)處理細(xì)胞1 h,然后與LPS共同孵育細(xì)胞6 h。采用熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法分別檢測各組細(xì)胞膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)mRNA的表達。應(yīng)用RT-PCR法檢測ICA給藥組(10.0 μmol/L)腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素1β(IL-1β) mRNA的表達,并與對照組、LPS組檢測結(jié)果比較。結(jié)果 與對照組相比較,LPS組的GFAP mRNA表達明顯升高(F=10.63,q=9.775,P<0.01);1.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L的ICA均能夠明顯抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的GFAP mRNA的表達(q=4.496~6.111,P<0.05),以10.0 μmol/L ICA的抑制效果最明顯(q=6.111,P<0.01)。與對照組相比較,LPS組的TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA表達明顯升高(F=243.50、378.60,q=30.040、36.000,P<0.01),10.0 μmol/L ICA組TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA表達較LPS組顯著降低(q=7.689、5.199,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 ICA能夠抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化和炎癥反應(yīng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 淫羊藿甙;脂多糖;星形細(xì)胞;腫瘤壞死因子α;白細(xì)胞介素1β;神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)原纖維酸性蛋白質(zhì)
[中圖分類號] Q421 ?[文獻標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)02-0181-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.094 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200519.1433.006.html;2020-05-19 17:25
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of icariin (ICA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in primary astrocytes. ?Methods Cells were seeded in a 6-well plate and divided into control group, LPS group, and ICA groups. The control group was treated with 1 μL DMSO for 1 h and then 1 μL normal saline for 6 h. The LPS group was treated with 1 μL DMSO for 1 h and then LPS (final concentration, 1 mg/L) for 6 h. The ICA groups received 1 h pretreatment with ICA at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μmol/L, respectively, followed by co-incubation with LPS for 6 h. RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in all the groups, and to determine the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the control group, the LPS group, and the 10.0 μmol/L ICA group. ?Results Compared with the control group, the LPS group showed a significantly higher mRNA expression level of GFAP (F=10.63,q=9.775,P<0.01); LPS-induced mRNA expression of GFAP was significantly inhibited by ICA at 1.0,10.0, and 20.0 μmol/L (q=4.496-6.111,P<0.05), with the strongest inhibitory effect at 10 μmol/L (q=6.111,P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (F=243.50,378.60;q=30.040,36.000;P<0.01), and also significantly higher than those in the 10.0 μmol/L ICA group (q=7.689,5.199;P<0.05). ?Conclusion ICA inhibits LPS-induced activation of primary astrocytes and inflammatory response.
[KEY WORDS] icariin; lipopolysaccharides; astrocytes; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-1beta; glial fibrillary acidic protein
星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞是中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)數(shù)量最多、分布最為廣泛的一類神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞[1],在修復(fù)再生、免疫應(yīng)答、能量代謝調(diào)節(jié)、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)代謝、營養(yǎng)、突觸可塑性以及血-腦脊液屏障完整性的維持等多個方面發(fā)揮重要作用[2-5]。許多研究表明,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的過度激活導(dǎo)致的炎癥反應(yīng)在阿爾茨海默癥、帕金森病等神經(jīng)退行性疾病的病理過程有重要作用[6-7]。因此,抑制星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng),減輕星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的過度活化是神經(jīng)退行性疾病的一種有效治療策略。脂多糖(LPS)可通過與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的Toll樣受體4(TLR4)結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化,引起膠質(zhì)纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)表達的增加并釋放腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)和白細(xì)胞介素1β(IL-1β)等炎性因子,引發(fā)神經(jīng)炎癥損傷神經(jīng)元[8-10]。淫羊藿苷(ICA)是淫羊藿總黃酮中的一種重要生物活性成分,具有調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)分泌、補腎壯陽、誘導(dǎo)成骨細(xì)胞分化、抗衰老和抗腫瘤等功效[11-13]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ICA通過抑制TNF-α、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、環(huán)氧合酶-2(COX-2)、誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的mRNA表達,抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的小鼠急性肺部炎癥反應(yīng)[14]。那么ICA是否能通過抑制星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng)來保護神經(jīng)元從而阻止神經(jīng)退行性疾病的進展,目前尚未見報道。本研究采用分子生物學(xué)技術(shù),研究ICA對LPS誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞GFAP、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA 表達的影響。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試劑及其來源
ICA購自上海同田生物技術(shù)有限公司,用二甲基亞砜(DMSO)溶液稀釋為所需實驗濃度。LPS購自Sigma公司。DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清購自BI公司;青霉素/鏈霉素儲存液購于新華制藥廠,開啟前分裝,-20 ℃保存?zhèn)溆?。新?4 h的SD大鼠購于青島大任富城畜牧有限公司。TRIzol購自Invitrogen 公司;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和SYBR green購于Takara公司;引物由Takara公司設(shè)計并合成。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組
在超凈工作臺取新生24 h左右的SD大鼠(SPF級)大腦,然后分離出中腦,用滅菌后的PBS清洗3次后,輕輕剝離腦膜和血管。將腦組織剪碎,吹打使細(xì)胞分散,收集細(xì)胞懸液至大離心管中,以1 000 r/min 離心5 min。棄上清,加入DMEM/F12完全培養(yǎng)基(含胎牛血清、青霉素/鏈霉素混合液),將細(xì)胞吹打重懸,然后接種于鋪有poly-D的150 cm2培養(yǎng)瓶中,放置在含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO2、37 ℃的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每隔2 d更換1次培養(yǎng)液。待細(xì)胞長滿后,放到恒溫?fù)u床以37 ℃、210 r/min震蕩16~18 h后,棄掉上清,用DMEM/F12基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基清洗細(xì)胞3次,加入2.5 g/L的胰酶消化1~3 min,用含血清的完全培養(yǎng)基終止消化,輕柔吹打?qū)①N于培養(yǎng)瓶上的細(xì)胞吹下,收集細(xì)胞。然后,以1 000 r/min離心5 min后,將星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞接種到6孔板中。當(dāng)6孔板內(nèi)的細(xì)胞融合達到80%左右時,將細(xì)胞分為對照組(A組)、LPS組(B組)、0.1 μmol/L ICA+LPS組(C組)、1.0 μmol/L ICA+LPS(D組)、10.0 μmol/L ICA+LPS(E組)、20.0 μmol/L ICA +LPS(F組)。A組給予1 μL的DMSO處理1 h,再加入1 μL生理鹽水;B組用1 μL DMSO預(yù)處理1 h,再加入LPS(終濃度1 mg/L)共同作用6 h;C組、D組、E組、F組分別用0.1、1.0、10.0和20.0 μmol/L ICA 1 μL預(yù)處理1 h,再加入LPS(終濃度1 mg/L)共同作用6 h。
1.3 熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)檢測GFAP、TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表達
按照TRIzol reagent說明書提取總RNA,然后按照逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書的要求將mRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。將cDNA放入實時熒光定量PCR儀中,采用SYBR green染料法分別檢測相關(guān)基因的表達。PCR反應(yīng)體系為20.0 μL,內(nèi)含:SYBR green染料10.0 μL,RNA free water 8.2 μL,上下游引物各0.4 μL以及cDNA 1.0 μL。經(jīng)過40個循環(huán)完成擴增,并在程序后添加溶解曲線,以檢測擴增品質(zhì)。以不添加cDNA的擴增溶液為空白對照組。使用2-ΔΔCT法計算目的基因(GFAP、TNF-α、IL-1β)和內(nèi)參基因GAPDH的相對表達量,同時檢查溶解曲線是否為單峰、引物擴增效率及擴增的相關(guān)系數(shù)等情況。RT-PCR引物及其序列見表1。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
應(yīng)用Graph Pad Prism 5.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計量資料結(jié)果以±s形式表示,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用單因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),并繼以Tukey法進行兩兩比較。
2 結(jié) ?果
2.1 各組GFAP mRNA表達比較
與對照組比較,LPS組的GFAP mRNA表達明顯升高,差異有顯著性(F=10.63,q=9.775,P<0.01);1.0、10.0、20.0 μmol/L的ICA均可明顯抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞GFAP mRNA的表達(q=4.496~6.111,P<0.05),其中10.0 μmol/L ICA的抑制作用最明顯(q=6.111,P<0.01)。因此,后續(xù)實驗我們將10.0 μmol/L的ICA作為最佳用藥濃度。見表2。
2.2 各組TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA表達比較
與對照組相比較,LPS組原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表達均明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=243.50、378.60,q=30.040、36.000,P<0.01);與LPS組相比,10 μmol/L ICA能夠明顯抑制原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的表達,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(q=7.689、5.199,P<0.05)。見表3。
3 討 ?論
體內(nèi)和體外研究均表明,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞在神經(jīng)退行性疾病的發(fā)病過程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。與小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞相似,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞受到炎性刺激過度激活,會產(chǎn)生大量的炎性因子如IL-1β和TNF-α等,從而導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元的損傷[15-16]。已有研究顯示,在不同的帕金森病動物模型中均發(fā)現(xiàn)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞反應(yīng)性增生;且在嚙齒類動物的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)實驗性損傷模型中觀察到,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞特異性標(biāo)志物GFAP表達增加[17],提示星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞可能參與了神經(jīng)退行性疾病的發(fā)病與進展[18-19]。
ICA是從小檗科植物淫羊藿中提取的一種黃酮類化合物,具有骨保護、促生殖、抗腫瘤、改善心腦血管功能、神經(jīng)保護、抗炎等多種功效[20-24]。本課題組前期研究證明,在離體細(xì)胞和整體動物水平,ICA均能夠?qū)股窠?jīng)毒素對多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的損傷,發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護作用[25]。本研究通過LPS誘導(dǎo)原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng)以制備神經(jīng)炎癥模型,探討ICA的抗炎作用。GFAP是主要分布于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的一種蛋白質(zhì),是星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化的標(biāo)志物[26-27]。在腦損傷和中樞系統(tǒng)發(fā)生病變的過程中,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞會被大量激活,GFAP的表達上調(diào)[28-30]。本實驗結(jié)果顯示,LPS能夠使原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞GFAP的表達明顯上調(diào),應(yīng)用不同濃度的ICA預(yù)處理后,GFAP mRNA的表達被不同程度地抑制,提示ICA能夠抑制星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的過度活化,其中10 μmol/L的ICA作用效果最明顯,因此后續(xù)實驗我們將10 μmol/L作為ICA的最佳用藥濃度。此外,LPS能夠明顯誘導(dǎo)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎性因子TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA的表達,而應(yīng)用濃度為10 μmol/L的ICA預(yù)處理后能夠明顯抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的上述兩種炎性因子的基因表達,因而有效地減少了星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的炎癥反應(yīng),將有利于減低炎性因子對神經(jīng)元的損傷。
綜上所述,ICA能夠抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化和炎癥反應(yīng),為今后應(yīng)用ICA對抗神經(jīng)炎癥提供了實驗依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))