藍(lán)俊偉 潛麗俊
[摘要] 目的 探討兒童膿毒癥患兒血清可溶性髓樣細(xì)胞觸發(fā)受體-1(sTREM-1)、可溶性CD14亞型(sCD14-ST)、前降鈣素(PCT)和超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的變化。 方法 選取2015年1月~2018年8月兒科住院治療兒童膿毒癥患兒50例作為觀察組,根據(jù)其病情程度分為嚴(yán)重膿毒癥18例與非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥32例。另選擇同期在我院體檢中心檢查的正常健康兒童30例為對(duì)照組。比較對(duì)照組與觀察組、嚴(yán)重膿毒癥及非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平。 結(jié)果 觀察組患兒血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平明顯高于非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01)。 結(jié)論 血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平不僅可用于兒童膿毒癥早期診斷,而且可評(píng)估患兒病情嚴(yán)重程度。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 膿毒癥;兒童;可溶性髓樣細(xì)胞觸發(fā)受體-1(sTREM-1);可溶性CD14亞型(sCD14-ST);前降鈣素(PCT);超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R459.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)08-0023-04
Changes of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, soluble CD14 subtype, procalcitonin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in the serum of children with sepsis
LAN Junwei? ?QIAN Lijun
Department of Pediatrics, Lishui City Central Hospital in Zhejinag Province, Lishui? ?323000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (STREM-1), soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST), procalcitonin (PCT) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the serum of children with sepsis. Methods A total of 50 children with sepsis who were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics from January 2015 to August 2018 were enrolled as the observation group. According to the severity of the disease, there were 18 cases of severe sepsis and 32 cases of non-severe sepsis. Another 30 healthy children who were examined at the physical examination center of our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Serum sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, PCT and hs-CRP levels were compared between control and observation groups, severe sepsis and non-severe sepsis patients. Results Serum levels of sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, PCT and hs-CRP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). The levels of sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, PCT and hs-CRP in children with severe sepsis were significantly higher than those of non-severe sepsis patients, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Serum sTREM-1, sCD14-ST, PCT and hs-CRP levels can be used not only for early diagnosis of sepsis in children, but also for assessing the severity of the disease.
[Key words] Sepsis; Children; Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(STREM-1); Soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST); Procalcitonin (PCT); Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
膿毒癥是兒科常見(jiàn)的危重病之一,其病情危重,進(jìn)展快,極易進(jìn)展為膿毒癥休克和多臟器功能衰竭,是導(dǎo)致兒童死亡的主要原因之一[1,2]。如能早期發(fā)現(xiàn)及治療,有助于提高兒童膿毒癥的臨床治愈率,降低病死率,但目前臨床上缺乏靈敏度和特異度均較高的血清學(xué)輔助指標(biāo)[3,4]??扇苄运铇蛹?xì)胞觸發(fā)受體-1(soluble triggering receptor expresses on myeloid cells-1,sTREM-1)、可溶性CD14亞型(Soluble CD14 subtype,sCD14-ST)、前降鈣素(Procalcitonin,PCT)和超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)是近年來(lái)新發(fā)現(xiàn)或臨床上常用的血清炎癥相關(guān)性指標(biāo),在成人膿毒癥中應(yīng)用較多,但在兒童膿毒癥應(yīng)用報(bào)道較少[5-7]。本研究觀察膿毒癥患兒血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平,并與正常健康兒童相對(duì)照,探討血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP在兒童膿毒癥早期診斷及病情程度評(píng)估中的價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月~2018年8月我院兒科住院治療兒童膿毒癥患兒50例作為觀察組。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]:①符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)兒科學(xué)分會(huì)急救學(xué)組制定的兒童膿毒癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9];②預(yù)計(jì)生存時(shí)間不少于7 d。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[10]:①原有糖尿病、耐糖量或糖代謝異?;純?②原發(fā)或繼發(fā)性免疫功能低下或長(zhǎng)期使用免疫抑制劑者。50例兒童膿毒癥患者中原發(fā)疾病肺部感染28例,腸道感染12例,尿路感染4例,其他6例。根據(jù)其病情程度分為嚴(yán)重膿毒癥18例與非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥32例。另選擇同期我院體檢中心檢查的正常健康兒童30例為對(duì)照組。兩組兒童的性別、年齡與體重等均衡可比(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
1.2 檢測(cè)方法
所有患兒均在入院30 min內(nèi)抽取肘靜脈血約3~5 mL送檢,2500 r/min離心機(jī)低溫離心15 min,分離出血清并進(jìn)行分裝,凍存于-70℃冰箱備用。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法測(cè)定血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平,試劑盒分別購(gòu)自上海西塘生物公司、蘇州市躍亞生物技術(shù)有限公司、基蛋生物科技股份有限公司和上海撫生實(shí)業(yè)有限公司。先在每個(gè)檢測(cè)孔中加入100 μL的樣本稀釋液,后加50 μL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品,室溫震蕩孵育2 h洗滌后加入200 μL耦聯(lián)抗體,再室溫震蕩孵育2 h,洗滌后加入200 μL底物,避光孵育30 min,加入50 μL終止液,酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定各孔吸光值(OD),根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品濃度和OD值建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線測(cè)定血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS19.0 for windows軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平比較
觀察組患兒血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 嚴(yán)重膿毒癥及非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平比較
嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平明顯高于非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表3。
3 討論
膿毒癥是指各種致病病原菌或其部分毒素進(jìn)入血液或組織引起人體嚴(yán)重感染的全身性炎性反應(yīng)[11,12]。目前臨床上對(duì)兒童膿毒血癥的診斷主要依據(jù)是通過(guò)血常規(guī)、臨床表現(xiàn)等對(duì)患兒進(jìn)行診斷,但是目前的診斷方法僅是在疾病發(fā)展到一定程度引起患兒出現(xiàn)相關(guān)的癥狀及體征后才能做出正確的判斷,不利于疾病的早期診斷及早期治療。近年來(lái),隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展,兒童膿毒癥的診斷及治療方面也取得了一定的進(jìn)步,但其發(fā)病率和死亡率仍居高不下,是引起兒童死亡的主要原因之一。目前兒童膿毒癥早期診斷較困難,臨床往往難以區(qū)分膿毒癥與病毒感染等非感染性疾病,因此,早期診斷、準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估膿毒癥患兒的病情勢(shì)在必行。血培養(yǎng)目前仍然是膿毒癥診斷的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但血培養(yǎng)耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng),通常在3~7 d后才獲得結(jié)果,不僅會(huì)耽誤患兒的最佳診療時(shí)間,且存在一定的假陰性率。因此,尋找一種方便快捷,靈敏度和特異度較高的血清標(biāo)志物在兒童膿毒癥早期診斷中尤為重要[13,14]。
sTREM-1是一種2000年新發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型炎癥激發(fā)受體,是一種與炎癥相關(guān)的免疫球蛋白超家族成員。當(dāng)機(jī)體發(fā)生全身炎性反應(yīng)時(shí),sTREM-1在中性粒細(xì)胞和單核巨噬細(xì)胞表面的表達(dá)率異常明顯,通過(guò)細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路加快炎癥因子在病灶部位集聚和激活,進(jìn)而放大炎癥因子引起的炎癥反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng),使得炎癥反應(yīng)程度超過(guò)機(jī)體承受能力,引起炎癥性損傷[15-17]。sTREM-1是判斷膿毒癥患兒嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,是目前早期診斷炎癥感染性疾病的新指標(biāo)[18-20];PCT是用于判斷全身感染性疾病標(biāo)志物的一種血清學(xué)指標(biāo),其為一種無(wú)激素活性的降鈣素前體,由甲狀腺髓質(zhì)C細(xì)胞分泌,健康生理狀態(tài)下PCT除肝腎、肺和睪丸組織外其他組織表達(dá)較弱或無(wú)明顯表達(dá),極少釋放PCT入血液循環(huán)[21-23]。當(dāng)機(jī)體出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重感染時(shí),PCT可由甲狀腺以外許多器官組織大量產(chǎn)生,大量PCT釋放進(jìn)入血液循環(huán),也是目前臨床應(yīng)用較廣泛的判斷膿毒癥早期診斷指標(biāo)[24-26];CD14是單核細(xì)胞/巨噬細(xì)胞的一種細(xì)胞膜糖蛋白,是天然免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)入侵微生物應(yīng)激的模式識(shí)別受體,有膜結(jié)合性CD14和sCD14-ST兩種形態(tài)。sCD14-ST可激活產(chǎn)生促炎癥信號(hào)和級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng),可用于嚴(yán)重感染疾病的早期診斷、其靈敏性和特異性均高于血培養(yǎng)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白、PCT和血白細(xì)胞等常規(guī)指標(biāo)[27,28]。
hs-CRP是目前臨床最常用的炎性反應(yīng)標(biāo)志,是一種由肝臟合成的急性時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白,正常情況下人體體液中hs-CRP的含量較低,但在炎癥反應(yīng),特別是膿毒血癥時(shí),hs-CRP水平往往顯著增高[29,30]。本研究顯示,觀察組患兒血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),提示血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平不僅可用于兒童膿毒癥的早期診斷;同時(shí)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平比較明顯高于非嚴(yán)重膿毒癥患兒,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平可評(píng)估患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度。
總之,血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平不僅可用于兒童膿毒癥的早期診斷,而且可評(píng)估患者病情的嚴(yán)重程度。由于本研究納入的病例局限在本院住院患兒,且樣本例數(shù)較少,期待有大樣本和多中心的研究,更能客觀、準(zhǔn)確地反映血清sTREM-1、sCD14-ST、PCT和hs-CRP水平在兒童膿毒癥診斷中的臨床意義。
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(收稿日期:2019-07-12)