王娟

一、題型解讀

安慰信一般是向失敗者、愁苦者、生病者、不幸者或遇到天災人禍的人表示安慰或同情的信件。

如2014年安徽的高考書面表達：

為了幫助中學生健康成長，某中學英文報開辟了“HEART- TO-HEART”專欄。假設你是該欄目的編輯Jamie，收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學向你訴說了自己的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學習和生活受到了影響。請用英文給該同學寫一封回信。要點如下：

1. 表示理解并給予安慰;

2. 提出建議并說明理由。

又如2018年東北三省高三第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試的書面表達：

假設你叫李華，你的澳洲朋友Devin參加漢語水平考試（HSK）未能通過，所以很沮喪。請你寫一封信，安慰一下你的朋友。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 對考試失利的安慰;

2. 對漢語學習提出建議。

溫馨提示：

安慰信中的“李華”的角色一般來說主要分成兩類：一類是“中國高三黨”，一類是報紙或欄目的“編輯”?！袄钊A”需要就自己的外國朋友或者讀者遇到的問題進行安慰，如“考試失利”“學習進展不理想”“考試壓力過大”“人際交往出狀況”“適應新環(huán)境有困難”“遇到不幸事件”等。

二、謀篇布局

“安慰信”，名字已經(jīng)表明這種信件的其中一部分就是安慰段。不過，安慰信一般都不會是純安慰信，安慰段后一般都有建議段。

另外，由于安慰信都是回信，所以安慰信的開頭一般都不用寫問候語，而是直接引出事情（對方遇到的問題），表達寫信者的感受。

此外，基于文章的完整性，安慰信還有最后一段——結尾段，用來表達良好祝愿。

也就是說，安慰信一般分為四段，分別是：引出事情，表達感受——安慰——提出建議——表達良好的祝愿。

溫馨提示：

安慰信里的“建議”段的筆墨一般比“安慰”段的筆墨要多一些。

三、高分秘籍

一封可以真正安慰到收信人并幫助收信人解決問題的信才是一封好的安慰信，所以考生要學會合理到位地安慰收信人并提出有效的建議才能舒緩收信人的心理問題并幫忙解決實際問題。考生可以主要從以下兩大方面思考：

1. 安慰段要有同理心。

一般可以采用以下兩種方式寫：

（1）你有我也有，事實上問題大家都有。

如前面2014安徽的高考書面表達的安慰段可以寫成Being a teenager， who sometimes meet similar problems as well， I can understand the situation you are in. As a matter of fact， everyone will have one of those periods when everything seems to be going wrong. Therefore， you dont need to be too worried about it.就很有說服力。

遇到“你的美國筆友David來信說自己在學校和同班同學發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，導致關系緊張，他很苦惱。”這樣的問題，安慰段可以寫成To be frank， I totally understand your feeling/ can understand how you feel because I had the same experience as well. Actually， not only may you have conflict with classmates， but also we other people will have unpleasant arguments with friends. Therefore， you dont need to be too sensitive about it.

又如“你在北京的美籍朋友Ben來信跟你抱怨中文難學，他覺得學了很長時間，但進步緩慢，所以很沮喪?！?，安慰段可以寫成Frankly speaking， I can really relate to you because I sometimes have the same problem in English learning as well. As a matter of fact， language learning is a long process， during which we should put in countless efforts. Therefore， dont be too worried. It is not so bad as you think.

（2）你確實不容易，但是……

如“Henry班輸了上周的籃球賽。Henry認為是他未能投進最后一球所造成的，有的隊友也因此而責怪他。”作為Henry的朋友，“李華”寫安慰段的時候可以寫成It is not easy being in your situation and it is normal to have such feelings. However， dont be too hard on yourself. You know， basketball is about team effort. Its never just one persons fault. What matters is that you should learn from the games as well as your mistakes. Besides， you need to think about how you can do better next time.

2. 建議段里的建議要具體有效。

（1）建議避免“空大泛”。

如前面參加漢語水平考試（HSK）未能通過的建議段如果寫成：The first thing you should do is to get rid of depression and cultivate interest in learning Chinese. Without interest， it is difficult for us to stick to one thing. Besides， you ought to set achievable targets. 收信人就會感覺寫信人說的都是大道理，解決不了實際問題。

（2）說明建議的時候要注意論證的合理性。如：

As the saying goes， genius is nothing but labour and diligence. You are supposed to have faith that you will pass the exam.和As the saying goes， no cross， no crown. Although learning Chinese is not an easy task， you should have confidence to do it.這兩個建議提得就“前不搭后”了。注意：論據(jù)要為論點服務。

3. 首段積累一些話題詞匯。

前面說了，安慰信的第一段一般是引出事情（對方遇到的問題），表達寫信者的感受，所以考生平常要積累一些安慰信里通常會出現(xiàn)的問題的相關詞匯和感受詞匯。如suffer from， be under great pressure， feel at a loss， let sb. down， lose heart， bother， upset， depressed， disappoint， frustration， annoyance等。

溫馨提示：

安慰信里的“問題”一般不會嚴重到令考生產(chǎn)生太強烈的感受，所以一般不用類似heart-felt sympathy， great sorrow， heartbreaking這么沉重的詞匯。

此外，要積累建議段提建議的“高級”句式。

四、學以致用

1. 完成“參加漢語水平考試（HSK）未能通過”這封安慰信（題目見前文）。

2. 假定你是高三學生李華，你的澳大利亞朋友David因自己國家新冠狀病毒肺炎疫情擴散，處于焦慮和郁悶中。請你寫一封信，安慰一下你的朋友。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 對其表示關心和安慰;

2. 個人應對的具體措施。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右;

2. 可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考范文

Dear Devin，

Learning that you failed to pass HSK， and you feel upset about it， I am writing to share my opinions with you and give you some suggestions.

To be frank， I totally understand your feeling because I failed IELTS more than once. However， I think it is important to develop a right attitude towards exams. After all， they are only a means of checking how we are getting on with our study， so there is no need to care too much about grades.

Personally， to tackle the problem， what counts most is analyzing the cause of the failure and look for proper solutions. As the saying goes， failure can be a learning experience， an opportunity for a fresh start. Therefore， you are supposed to learn from the mistakes that you have made. Besides， there is another rule - read more Chinese materials and pay close attention to the formal use of Chinese words and expressions， which can contribute a lot to Chinese learning.

Hopefully， my suggestions will prove practical to you. Wish you an even more prosperous future！

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

Dear David，

Im sorry to hear that your country is in bad condition due to the spread of COVID-19， which upsets and worries you. I am writing this letter， aiming to share my opinions with you and put forward some suggestions.

To be frank， I totally understand how you feel because I had the similar feeling at the end of January when the epidemic first broke out. Actually， anyone may feel sort of anxious faced with such a situation. However， there is no sense worrying about it too much. Instead， you are supposed to stay optimistic. Just like China， Australia will certainly win the battle and make a full recovery with joint efforts.

Here I would like to give you some advice on how to fight against this epidemic. At this particular time， it is essential/ advocated that you go out as little as possible and avoid gatherings. Do wear protective masks while you are in the open air， which helps to cut down the risk of being attacked by the virus. Meanwhile， keeping healthy habits like washing hands frequently and keep your body clean is of great importance. Whats more， it is a good idea to do exercise on a regular basis so as to keep yourself strong.

Hopefully， my suggestions will prove practical to you. Feel free to contact me if there is anything I can do for you.

Yours，

Li Hua

責任編輯蔣小青