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CAD/CAM高嵌體與常規(guī)修復(fù)對(duì)牙體缺損患者的療效及對(duì)美觀滿意度、全口衛(wèi)生情況的影響

2020-05-07 02:00:43石雪梅陳碧霞
關(guān)鍵詞:修復(fù)美觀

石雪梅 陳碧霞

【摘要】 目的:分析CAD/CAM高嵌體與常規(guī)修復(fù)對(duì)牙體缺損患者的療效及對(duì)美觀滿意度、全口衛(wèi)生情況的影響。方法:選取128例牙體缺損患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各64例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)修復(fù),觀察組采用CAD/CAM高嵌體修復(fù),比較兩組療效、滿意度和牙齦溝炎癥因子(GCF-AST、GCF-ALP)含量。結(jié)果:觀察組修復(fù)成功率為96.9%,高于對(duì)照組的70.3%(P<0.05);觀察組對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度分別為96.9%、95.3%、98.4%,均高于對(duì)照組的64.1%、62.5%、65.6%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);修復(fù)1年后,兩組GCF-AST、GCF-ALT含量均較修復(fù)前下降,且觀察組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:CAD/CAM高嵌體對(duì)牙體缺損患者的修復(fù)成功率較高,提高了患者對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度,降低了牙齦溝中GCF-AST、GCF-ALT含量,改善了全口衛(wèi)生情況,可作為牙體缺損有效的治療方案。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 牙體缺損 修復(fù) CAD/CAM高嵌體 美觀 全口衛(wèi)生

The Effect of CAD/CAM High Inlay and Conventional Restoration on the Patients with Tooth Defect and Their Aesthetic Satisfaction and Full Mouth Hygiene/SHI Xuemei, CHEN Bixia. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(03): -162

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the effect of CAD/CAM high inlay and conventional restoration on the patients with tooth defect and the influence on the aesthetic satisfaction and the full mouth hygiene. Method: A total of 128 patients with tooth defect were selected, according to the method of random number table, they were divided into observation group and control group, 64 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional restoration, the observation group with CAD/CAM high inlay repair. The curative effect, satisfaction and the content of inflammatory factors in gingival sulcus (GCF-AST, GCF-ALT) between the two groups were compared. Result: The repair success rate of the observation group was 96.9%, which was higher than 70.3% of the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction of the observation group to the shape, comfort and surface smoothness of the prosthesis was 96.9%, 95.3% and 98.4%, respectively, which were higher than 64.1%, 62.5% and 65.6% of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After one year of repair, the GCF-AST and GCF-ALT contents in the two groups were lower than those before repair, and the contents in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: CAD/CAM high inlay has a high success rate in the restoration of tooth defect, which improves the patients satisfaction with the shape, comfort and surface smoothness of the restoration, reduces the content of GCF-AST and GCF-ALT in the gingival sulcus, and improves the overall health. It can be used as an effective treatment plan for tooth defects.

[Key words] Tooth defect Repair CAD/CAM high inlay Aesthetic Full mouth hygiene

First-authors address: Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Peoples Hospital, Zhongshan 528402, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.03.040

臨床上根管治療的患者往往需要牙體修復(fù),當(dāng)患者的牙體組織不多時(shí)應(yīng)該進(jìn)行樁冠修復(fù),以達(dá)到保護(hù)牙體的目的,但是需要磨掉健康的牙體組織[1]。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展,全瓷高嵌體修復(fù)受到了許多臨床學(xué)者的重視,可保留更多的牙體組織[2]。近年來(lái)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/制造(computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing,CAD/CAM)在臨床逐漸得以廣泛應(yīng)用,在美觀性上有了更好的體驗(yàn)[3]。CAD/CAM高嵌體省去了煩瑣的步驟,減少誤差,減少刺激,滿足患者對(duì)牙體修復(fù)的需求[4]。為了更進(jìn)一步了解CAD/CAM高嵌體與常規(guī)修復(fù)對(duì)牙體缺損患者療效及美觀滿意度、全口衛(wèi)生情況的影響,本研究對(duì)128例牙體缺損患者進(jìn)行研究?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2014年1月-2018年3月筆者所在醫(yī)院收治的128例牙體缺損患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):缺損面積≥1/2;健康狀況良好者;依從性好。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):抗力不足;咬合太緊。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,各64例。本研究經(jīng)過(guò)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)及患者知情同意。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 觀察組 采用CAD/CAM高嵌體進(jìn)行修復(fù):(1)預(yù)備牙體,根管治療后7 d,在最大限度保存自有牙體組織的前提下預(yù)備牙體,采用比色板(德國(guó)Sirona)進(jìn)行比對(duì)顏色,去除較為薄弱的部分,涂抹樹(shù)脂粘合劑(美國(guó)3MESPE),固化10 s后采用流動(dòng)樹(shù)脂封閉根管,涂抹樹(shù)膠粘合劑,固化10 s后采用流動(dòng)樹(shù)脂填充髓腔。(2)制作修復(fù)體,進(jìn)行口內(nèi)攝像,描繪輪廓,對(duì)CHEREC瓷塊進(jìn)行加工,制作全瓷高嵌體。(3)拼接、拋光。

1.2.2 對(duì)照組 采用常規(guī)修復(fù):根據(jù)外形和牙冠色澤的要求采用金屬嵌體插入根管內(nèi),硅膠取膜,石膏灌注,窩溝封閉。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)觀察兩組修復(fù)成功率,以比較兩組療效:當(dāng)出現(xiàn)修復(fù)體斷裂、脫落等情況時(shí)評(píng)估為修復(fù)失敗,除修復(fù)失敗外均為修復(fù)成功。(2)比較兩組對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度,修復(fù)后1年根據(jù)美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生部(USPHS)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)修復(fù)情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)[4-7]。(3)比較兩組修復(fù)前、修復(fù)1年后牙齦溝炎癥因子(GCF-AST、GCF-ALP)含量,以觀察全口衛(wèi)生情況,均采用牙齦溝液測(cè)量?jī)x測(cè)定。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組基線資料比較 對(duì)照組男34例,女30例,年齡23~69歲,平均(43.2±5.1)歲;前磨牙42顆,磨牙22顆。觀察組男33例,女31例,年齡24~70歲,平均(42.9±3.7)歲;前磨牙44顆,磨牙20顆。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

2.2 兩組療效比較 觀察組修復(fù)成功率為96.9%(62/64),高于對(duì)照組的70.3%(45/64),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=16.463,P=0.000)。

2.3 兩組滿意度比較 觀察組對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度分別為96.9%、95.3%、98.4%,均高于對(duì)照組的64.1%、62.5%、65.6%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.4 兩組牙齦溝炎癥因子含量比較 修復(fù)前,兩組牙齦溝炎癥因子含量比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);修復(fù)1年后,兩組GCF-AST、GCF-ALT含量均較修復(fù)前下降,且觀察組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

3 討論

根管治療后由于牙體缺損破壞了整體穩(wěn)定性,降低了強(qiáng)度;由于髓腔不能提供營(yíng)養(yǎng),易造成牙齒斷裂,因此修復(fù)牙齒十分重要。牙齒保留更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是牙體破裂患者主要的需求[6]。但是值得注意的是,大量填充會(huì)導(dǎo)致牙齒折斷,因此嵌體修復(fù)成為主要的治療方法[7]。高嵌體覆蓋功能較強(qiáng),能夠使咬合力分散,降低牙冠承受力,降低折斷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[8]。高嵌體利用髓腔固定位置,且保留更多自身的牙體組織,通過(guò)粘合劑與剩余的牙體組織聯(lián)合成為一個(gè)整體,極大地提高了牙齒的強(qiáng)度[9]。保留牙齒的解剖結(jié)構(gòu),不易引起食物的滯留,降低發(fā)生齲齒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[10]。臨床上常用的嵌體包括金屬和非金屬;金屬易引起過(guò)敏反應(yīng)等,而CAD/CAM高嵌體生物相容性較好,無(wú)毒性及致敏性,且較為美觀,誤差較小,修復(fù)時(shí)間短[11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CAD/CAM高嵌體療效較好,無(wú)論在修復(fù)的完整度、邊緣適合、鄰近關(guān)系及顏色上均達(dá)到較高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。CAD/CAM高嵌體失敗的原因?yàn)榇善屏?,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于咬合過(guò)緊、磨牙導(dǎo)致承受力過(guò)大的患者應(yīng)該采用全冠修復(fù)等治療方法[13]。而且CAD/CAM高嵌體可滿足不同患者牙顏色和性狀的需要,能夠給患者帶來(lái)更為舒適的感受[14]。GCF的分析較為簡(jiǎn)單,能夠準(zhǔn)確反映牙周炎癥的情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),失敗的種植體GCF高于健康的種植體,認(rèn)為GCF可作為反映炎癥程度的指標(biāo)[15]。因此GCF-AST、GCF-ALP可作為牙周組織破壞的指標(biāo),炎癥組織中GCF-AST、GCF-ALP高于健康人群,隨著炎癥程度的增加而增加。

本研究中觀察組修復(fù)成功率為96.9%,高于對(duì)照組的70.3%(P<0.05);觀察組對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度分別為96.9%、95.3%、98.4%,均高于對(duì)照組的64.1%、62.5%、65.6%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);修復(fù)1年后,兩組GCF-AST、GCF-ALT含量均較修復(fù)前下降,且觀察組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),上述結(jié)果與文獻(xiàn)[16-20]研究結(jié)果相同,說(shuō)明CAD/CAM高嵌體對(duì)牙體缺損患者修復(fù)成功率較高,可提高患者對(duì)修復(fù)體外形、舒適度、表面光滑度的滿意度,降低牙齦溝中GCF-AST、GCF-ALT的含量,改善全口衛(wèi)生情況。

綜上所述,CAD/CAM高嵌體對(duì)牙體缺損患者療效較好,增加了美學(xué)效果,改善了全口衛(wèi)生情況,可作為牙體缺損有效的治療方案。

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[11]羅祎.E-Max全瓷高嵌體修復(fù)根管治療后的牙體缺損臨床研究[J/OL].全科口腔醫(yī)學(xué)電子雜志,2017,4(2):40,42.

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(收稿日期:2019-07-19) (本文編輯:董悅)

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