吳天添 朱沛楓 吳康中 汪平 朱煒 金育德 徐永強(qiáng)
[摘要] 目的 研究結(jié)腸癌術(shù)后化療后患者出現(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)移灶中Tra-2β和microRNA320α基因水平與生存期的關(guān)系。 方法 收集2014年6月~2018年12月來我院診治所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)腸癌多發(fā)肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者(既往經(jīng)過結(jié)腸癌根治及8次XELOX方案化療的患者),共37例。肝穿刺活檢確定為原結(jié)腸癌轉(zhuǎn)移灶,部分患者選擇性肝介入化療術(shù)(方案為奧沙利鉑130 mg/m2+5-FU 500 mg/m2,4次)。化療前穿刺活檢組織通過PCR法比較不同患者Tra-2β、microRNA320α基因的差異,通過多元線性分析Tra-2β、microRNA320α基因分別與轉(zhuǎn)移瘤最大直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移總直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤個(gè)數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,通過Cox分析Tra-2β、microRNA320α基因及患者年齡、最大肝轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤直徑、肝轉(zhuǎn)移總直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移灶個(gè)數(shù)、是否行肝介入化療與生存期之間的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 Tra-2β基因(13.03±4.05)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶個(gè)數(shù)(5.2±1.6)個(gè)和總直徑(7.64±2.33)cm呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),microRNA320α基因(0.49±0.17)與轉(zhuǎn)移灶個(gè)數(shù)和總直徑呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。患者自發(fā)現(xiàn)肝轉(zhuǎn)移后中位生存期為14.28個(gè)月,1年生存率為67.57%,2年生存率為27.03%,3年生存率為0。發(fā)生肝轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移灶Tra-2β(P=0.009)、肝轉(zhuǎn)移總直徑(P=0.002)為患者生存預(yù)后的獨(dú)立相關(guān)因素。結(jié)論? 結(jié)腸癌患者術(shù)后化療后多發(fā)肝轉(zhuǎn)移,無法手術(shù)切除往往預(yù)后較差。Tra-2β基因同肝轉(zhuǎn)移灶總直徑一樣,是患者生存預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素,Tra-2β越高,生存期越短。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 結(jié)腸癌;肝轉(zhuǎn)移;Tra-2β;microRNA320α;生存分析
[中圖分類號(hào)] R735.37? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)05-0001-05
Study on the correlation between Tra-2β and microRNA320α genes in multiple liver metastatic lesions from colon cancer and patients' survival time
WU Tiantian? ?ZHU Peifeng? ?WU Kangzhong? ?WANG Ping? ?ZHU Wei? ?JIN Yude? ? XU Yongqiang
Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou? ?313000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the relationship between Tra-2β and microRNA320α gene levels and survival time in metastatic lesions in patients with colon cancer after postoperative chemotherapy. Methods A total of 37 patients with multiple liver metastases of colon cancer (those who were given radical resection of colon cancer and 8 times of XELOX chemotherapy) who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from June 2014 to December 2018 were collected. Liver needle biopsy was used to determine the metastatic lesions of primary colon cancer. Selective liver interventional chemotherapy was performed in some patients(the regimen was oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2+5-FU 500 mg/m2, 4 times). Needle biopsy tissues were performed before chemotherapy, and the differences in Tra-2β and microRNA320α genes in different patients were compared by PCR. The relationships between the Tra-2β and microRNA320α genes and the maximum diameter of the metastatic tumor, the total diameter of the metastasis, and the number of metastatic tumors were analyzed by multiple linear analysis. The relationships between Tra-2β, microRNA320α genes and patient age, maximum liver metastasis tumor diameter, total liver metastasis, number of metastatic lesions, and whether liver interventional chemotherapy was performed and survival time were analyzed by Cox. Results Tra-2β gene (13.03±4.05) was positively correlated with the number of metastatic lesions (5.2±1.6) and total diameter (7.64±2.33 cm) (P<0.05). The microRNA320α gene (0.49±0.17) was negatively correlated with the number of metastatic lesions and total diameter(P<0.05). The median survival time of patients after liver metastases was 14.28 months, the 1-year survival rate was 67.57%, the 2-year survival rate was 27.03%, and the 3-year survival rate was 0. Metastatic lesions of Tra-2β(P=0.009) and total diameter of liver metastasis(P=0.002) were independent relevant factors associated with prognosis in patients with liver metastases. Conclusion Patients with colon cancer have multiple liver metastases after chemotherapy. The inoperable resection often results in poor prognosis. Tra-2β gene is the same as the total diameter of liver metastases and is an independent influencing factor for patients' survival and prognosis. The higher the Tra-2β, the shorter the survival period.
[Key words] Colon cancer; Liver metastasis; Tra-2β; microRNA320α; Survival analysis
結(jié)直腸癌是人類最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,已經(jīng)成為全球第三大常見惡性腫瘤[1]。幾十年來,根治性手術(shù)加化療一直是結(jié)腸癌的指南化治療方案,進(jìn)展期結(jié)腸癌的化療有XELOX、Mayo、FOLFOX和FOLFIRI方案[2],K-ras基因是否突變當(dāng)作為是否在FOLFIRI方案基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合西妥昔單抗的篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]。結(jié)腸癌術(shù)后化療后一旦出現(xiàn)肝轉(zhuǎn)移,往往預(yù)后較差,絕大部分僅能通過肝動(dòng)脈介入化療或栓塞療法治療,且效果不佳[4]。
Tra-2β是前體mRNA剪接蛋白基因,不同的器官組織和發(fā)育階段,機(jī)體對不同的Tra-2蛋白選擇性剪接功能有著不同的需求,其對下游的各種蛋白起到剪接的作用[5]。包括如HER2/neu(c-erbB2)、EGFR等均已被證實(shí)為Tra-2剪接蛋白所處理和修飾[6]。因此,Tra-2β在腫瘤的發(fā)生和轉(zhuǎn)移中起到重要的作用,現(xiàn)今國內(nèi)外僅見Tra-2β基因與結(jié)直腸癌的相關(guān)性分析,而涉及到肝內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移癌的未見報(bào)道。
本課題所要研究的微小RNA-miRNA-320家族成員共有a、b、c、d、e五種亞型,在腫瘤組織及正常組織中存在顯著差異[7]。Sun等[8]利用RealTime qPCR技術(shù)在對3種結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞系及40例結(jié)腸癌組織進(jìn)行檢測時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-320a表達(dá)顯著低于GES細(xì)胞系及鄰近正常組織,提示miR-320a表達(dá)下調(diào)可能是結(jié)直腸癌的始動(dòng)因素。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2014年6月~2018年12月來我院診治所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)腸癌多發(fā)肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者(既往經(jīng)過結(jié)腸癌根治及8次XELOX方案化療的患者),共37例。其中,男25例,女12例;年齡 57~83歲,中位年齡64歲;發(fā)現(xiàn)肝轉(zhuǎn)移后行肝動(dòng)脈介入化療的患者29例,放棄介入化療的8例。并留取所有患者聯(lián)系方式,建立檔案,僅有2人失訪。試驗(yàn)通過本院倫理委員會(huì)采納和批準(zhǔn),試驗(yàn)前患者及家屬均簽訂知情同意書。
患者的納入:搜尋既往有結(jié)腸癌病史并在我院復(fù)查發(fā)現(xiàn)有肝臟多發(fā)占位的患者,進(jìn)行B超引導(dǎo)下肝臟穿刺活檢,病理證明均為結(jié)腸癌來源的轉(zhuǎn)移灶,共37例。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①影像學(xué)上發(fā)現(xiàn)除肝外的其他臟器亦有轉(zhuǎn)移灶的患者;②影像學(xué)評(píng)估肝臟殘余容積大于30%~40%的患者(此類患者可行手術(shù)切除治療)[9];③既往手術(shù)后使用其他化療方案或XELOX化療方案不足8次者(為保證同質(zhì)性);④肝穿刺活檢為非結(jié)腸來源的或非惡性腫瘤者;⑤無重大基礎(chǔ)疾病者。肝動(dòng)脈介入化療(TACE)采用右側(cè)腹股溝股動(dòng)脈作為穿刺點(diǎn),對腫瘤區(qū)域肝段或肝葉行局部化療,方案為奧沙利鉑130 mg/m2+5-FU 500 mg/m2。
1.2 基礎(chǔ)試驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 RNA的提取? 肝轉(zhuǎn)移瘤和肝臟正常組織穿刺標(biāo)本中加入RNA提取液Trizol,研磨勻漿后加入氯仿(每1 mL中加入0.2 mL氯仿)震蕩,完全乳化后4℃12 000 rpm離心5 min,抽取上層澄清液體,移入另一EP管中,加入等體積的異丙醇,-20℃放置2 h以上。4℃ 12 000 rpm離心20 min后,棄去上清液,保留沉淀。加入4℃ 80%乙醇1 mL,4℃ 8000 rpm離心5 min后,棄乙醇,4℃ 7500 rpm離心30 s。保留沉淀。晾干約5 min后,加入20 μL DEPC水溶解。
1.2.2 總RNA濃度、純度、完整性鑒定? 使用Beckman核酸蛋白分析儀進(jìn)行測量,OD260/280值均在1.9~2.0范圍內(nèi)。讀取RNA濃度。將RNA提取液5 μL與電泳緩沖液1 μL混合,150 V、40 mA電泳 20 min,觀察結(jié)果均顯示28S、18S兩條帶,28S:18S灰度比均為1.5~2.0倍,RNA未降解,-80℃保存。
1.2.3 RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為DNA? 全部稀釋至400 ng/μL,取2.5 μL RNA加入200 μL EP管中。根據(jù)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書,用RNase free水補(bǔ)足到14 μL。PCR儀設(shè)定為65℃ 5 min預(yù)變性。拿出后每管中加入Primer Mix 1 μL、Enzyme Mix 1 μL、5×Buffer 4 μL,37℃ 1 h、98℃5 min,-20℃冰箱中保存。
1.2.4 目標(biāo)DNA含量檢測? 取2.5 μL總DNA,加入2×Taq酶 Mix 10 μL、加入目標(biāo)基因的前后引物(表1)各0.6 μL,補(bǔ)DD水11.3 μL,共25 μL。每個(gè)樣本設(shè)2個(gè)復(fù)孔。加樣后,放入ABI7500 PCR儀中95℃反應(yīng)5 min。95℃ 30 s,61℃ 30 s,72℃ 6 min,此3步反應(yīng)循環(huán)共35次后,12℃ PCR儀內(nèi)保存。儀器內(nèi)讀CT值,目標(biāo)基因與內(nèi)參CT值相減,每個(gè)樣本2個(gè)復(fù)孔取平均ΔCT值,再將腫瘤組織ΔCT值與正常組織ΔCT值相減,得到ΔΔCT值,最終表述為2-ΔΔCT進(jìn)行比較。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 23.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),Tra-2β、microRNA320α以2-ΔΔCT進(jìn)行表示。結(jié)果2.1、2.2采用多元線性回歸分析,Tra-2β、microRNA320α與CEA、CA125、CA199、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤最大直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移總直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤個(gè)數(shù)均為計(jì)量資料,以(x±s)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;結(jié)果2.3采用比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Cox)回歸分析(亦稱生存分析),明確上述基因是否與患者自發(fā)現(xiàn)肝轉(zhuǎn)移后的生存期有關(guān),結(jié)果除是否行TACE治療(計(jì)數(shù)資料)外,其他均為計(jì)量資料,以(x±s)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Tra-2β與結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性比較
轉(zhuǎn)移瘤數(shù)、最大轉(zhuǎn)移瘤直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤總直徑與Tra-2β的相關(guān)性比較結(jié)果:Tra-2β基因與轉(zhuǎn)移瘤個(gè)數(shù)和總直徑呈正相關(guān),而與最大轉(zhuǎn)移瘤直徑無關(guān)。見表2。
2.2 microRNA320α與結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性比較
轉(zhuǎn)移瘤數(shù)、最大轉(zhuǎn)移瘤直徑、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤總直徑與microRNA320α的相關(guān)性比較結(jié)果:microRNA320α基因與轉(zhuǎn)移瘤個(gè)數(shù)和總直徑呈負(fù)相關(guān),而與最大轉(zhuǎn)移瘤直徑無關(guān)。見表3。
2.3 37例晚期結(jié)腸癌患者的生存分析
患者自發(fā)現(xiàn)肝轉(zhuǎn)移后中位生存期為14.28個(gè)月(1.19年),1年生存率為67.57%,2年生存率為27.03%,3年生存率為0(有2例失訪)。生存分析提示僅Tra-2β、轉(zhuǎn)移瘤總直徑與患者預(yù)后(生存時(shí)間)相關(guān),是患者生存預(yù)后的獨(dú)立影響因素,Tra-2β越高,生存期越短,而miRNA320α則與患者的生存期無關(guān)。見表4及圖1。
3 討論
肝臟是結(jié)腸癌晚期最易轉(zhuǎn)移的臟器,目前認(rèn)為黏液腺癌是導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)移和死亡的重要因素,出現(xiàn)肝臟轉(zhuǎn)移后預(yù)后往往極差[10]。腹壁造瘺、疼痛、腸梗阻等嚴(yán)重影響著結(jié)腸癌晚期患者的生活質(zhì)量,有臨床試驗(yàn)表明,無癥狀的結(jié)腸癌晚期患者肝轉(zhuǎn)移,僅使用化療和靶向藥物并未縮短患者生存期[11]。研究結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)后的相關(guān)因素,能為此類患者今后的治療提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
隨著基因研究逐漸深入,Tra-2β作為前體mRNA剪輯蛋白基因,通過結(jié)合到富含嘌呤的增強(qiáng)子RNA序列上發(fā)揮作用,在正常和病理狀態(tài)下均有相當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)[12]。人體Tra-2β在大腦內(nèi)剪接活動(dòng)水平最高[13],其次為肝、睪丸等,可作用于下游眾多結(jié)構(gòu)和功能蛋白的基因修飾,如MDM2、Bin1、FGFR-2等,已經(jīng)在乳腺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、肺癌以及大腸癌中被廣泛研究[14]。基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Tra-2β缺乏會(huì)導(dǎo)致小鼠胚胎發(fā)育異常[15],尤其對神經(jīng)組織及生殖細(xì)胞影響較大,但眾多的腫瘤相關(guān)性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Tra-2β的上調(diào)會(huì)導(dǎo)致腫瘤侵襲性升高[16-17]。
而microRNA-320α的表達(dá)則在腫瘤及正常組織中存在顯著差異。Zhang等[18]通過對62例結(jié)腸癌患者的臨床病理特征分析顯示低水平的miR-320α與肝、腹膜轉(zhuǎn)移率高、臨床分期晚顯著相關(guān),提示miR-320α在腫瘤進(jìn)展期具有抑制細(xì)胞侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的作用。另外,作為10號(hào)染色體上缺失的磷酸酶與張力蛋白同源物基因腫瘤抑制軸的關(guān)鍵成員,microRNA320在改變腫瘤微環(huán)境和減少腫瘤進(jìn)展中也發(fā)揮了重要作用[19]。在吉西他濱化療的膽管癌細(xì)胞、順鉑或5-Fu化療的食管癌細(xì)胞,以及耐吉西他濱的胰腺癌細(xì)胞系的研究中均發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-320表達(dá)上調(diào)[20],此外,胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤miR-320α表達(dá)降低與伊馬替尼抵抗相關(guān)[21-22],提示miRNA320α可能參與腫瘤化療耐藥形成,并不是單純僅與腫瘤的分級(jí)或分期呈負(fù)相關(guān)。最新的研究報(bào)道,也證實(shí)了miRNA320的降低對大多數(shù)惡性腫瘤均具有廣譜的化療耐藥性[23]。
本研究探討了Tra-2β、microRNA320α與結(jié)腸癌晚期肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者轉(zhuǎn)移灶中的轉(zhuǎn)錄情況,以及臨床指標(biāo)間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果提示Tra-2β和microRNA320α均與肝內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移灶數(shù)量及轉(zhuǎn)移灶總直徑相關(guān)(P<0.05);Tra-2β、肝內(nèi)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移總直徑與患者的生存時(shí)間有明顯的相關(guān)性(P<0.05);本研究中,miRNA-320α與患者的生存期并無相關(guān)性,但有通過本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究趨勢,對結(jié)腸癌晚期肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者的治療方案有一定指導(dǎo)意義,單純肝臟介入化療對此類患者的生存期并沒有明顯的延長作用,但仍需要加大樣本量以驗(yàn)證這一結(jié)論的適用性。結(jié)腸癌晚期患者個(gè)體化治療十分重要,對于結(jié)腸癌晚期肝轉(zhuǎn)移的患者再次行肝臟手術(shù)是否必要,一直存在很大爭論[24]。但國內(nèi)有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,對于結(jié)腸癌晚期多發(fā)性肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者行姑息性肝臟腫瘤切除,是生存預(yù)后的一項(xiàng)保護(hù)性因素,數(shù)據(jù)顯示可延長此類患者生存期10個(gè)月左右[25]。肝臟介入化療、再次全身化療、靶向治療、肝動(dòng)脈選擇性栓塞、門靜脈側(cè)支選擇性栓塞療法等均可在短期內(nèi)改善減少或縮小肝內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移灶,可能對總生存期也有獲益,但遠(yuǎn)期的生存質(zhì)量是否有明顯的改善現(xiàn)仍存在爭議[26]。目前,臨床仍缺乏很好的預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)來制定個(gè)體化的治療方案,在肝多發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移后行手術(shù)或保守治療沒有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本試驗(yàn)證明了Tra-2β是結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移生存期縮短的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,雖不是結(jié)腸癌的特異性指標(biāo),但可作為結(jié)腸癌預(yù)后的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。本院近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移患者的數(shù)量較少,總樣本量偏少,結(jié)果可能存在偏倚,仍需在今后擴(kuò)大樣本量來進(jìn)一步研究,以明確Tra-2β在結(jié)腸癌進(jìn)展中的作用。
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(收稿日期:2019-04-24)