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經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查診斷宮內(nèi)殘留的臨床應(yīng)用 ??

2020-04-27 08:34陳婷
中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究 2020年5期

陳婷

【摘要】 目的:分析流產(chǎn)后宮內(nèi)殘留患者經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查的圖像特征,探討超聲檢查各參數(shù)對(duì)宮內(nèi)殘留的診斷價(jià)值。方法:選取2018年6月-2019年6月在廈門市第五醫(yī)院婦科病房因懷疑宮內(nèi)殘留而行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者96例,刮出組織行病理學(xué)診斷,根據(jù)病理結(jié)果分為有絨毛組(宮內(nèi)殘留組)和無(wú)絨毛組。收集所有患者的臨床基本特征及超聲圖像特征,比較兩組間的差異。結(jié)果:96例患者中,有絨毛組共84例,無(wú)絨毛組共12例,有絨毛組陰道出血時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于無(wú)絨毛組,有絨毛組宮內(nèi)膜厚度明顯厚于無(wú)絨毛組,有絨毛組中,宮內(nèi)膜線不清晰與宮腔內(nèi)簇狀豐富血流信號(hào)比例明顯高于無(wú)絨毛組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查診斷流產(chǎn)后宮內(nèi)殘留價(jià)值明確,肌壁內(nèi)豐富血流信號(hào)及宮內(nèi)膜線不清晰高度提示宮內(nèi)殘留可能。然而宮內(nèi)未見(jiàn)異常血流信號(hào)不能排除宮內(nèi)殘留,部分患者最終需依靠病理學(xué)確診。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 宮內(nèi)殘留 經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查 宮內(nèi)膜線 血流信號(hào)

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the characteristics of transvaginal ultrasonography in patients with retained products of conception, and to explore the diagnostic value of various parameters of ultrasonography in retained products of conception. Method: A total of 96 patients who suspected retained products of conception underwent hysteroscopy from June 2018 to June 2019 in the gynecology department of Xiamen Fifth Hospital, they were divided into the villus group and the non-villus group according to the pathological results. The basic clinical features and ultrasonographic features of all patients were collected and the differences between the two groups were compared. Result: Among 96 patients, 84 were in the villus group and 12 cases in the non-villus group. In the villus group, vaginal bleeding time was longer than that in the non-villus group, endometrial thickness, unclear endometrial line and color doppler flow in the villus group were significantly higher than those in the non-villus group, the differences were significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: The diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasound for retained products of conception after abortion is clear. Enhanced myometrium vascularity and unclear endometrial lines highly suggest the possibility of retained products of conception. However, the lack of vascularity cannot exclude retained products of conception. Pathology is still needed.

隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展及女性生育觀念的改變,人為終止妊娠的發(fā)生率越來(lái)越高。流產(chǎn)后宮內(nèi)殘留是常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥,可影響子宮復(fù)舊,延長(zhǎng)陰道出血時(shí)間,增加盆腔感染的概率[1-2]。對(duì)部分假陽(yáng)性的病例,激進(jìn)的二次清宮會(huì)對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜造成進(jìn)一步損傷,使宮腔粘連、不育等并發(fā)癥的概率增加。宮腔內(nèi)殘留的絨毛組織與壞死的蛻膜及積血進(jìn)行鑒別具有重要意義。超聲檢查可動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)流產(chǎn)的狀態(tài)并提供流產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的處理意見(jiàn)[3],減少誤診、漏診宮內(nèi)殘留引起的并發(fā)癥。本研究回顧性收集臨床懷疑宮內(nèi)殘留行宮腔鏡引導(dǎo)下清宮的病例,分析流產(chǎn)后宮內(nèi)殘留的臨床及超聲特征,為正確診斷宮內(nèi)殘留提供參考依據(jù)。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

2018年6月-2019年6月因懷疑宮內(nèi)殘留在筆者所在醫(yī)院住院并行宮腔鏡手術(shù)96例,其中行藥物流產(chǎn)75例,人工流產(chǎn)21例,根據(jù)病理結(jié)果,將檢出絨毛成分的病例分為有絨毛組(宮內(nèi)殘留組)及無(wú)絨毛組。其中有絨毛組(宮內(nèi)殘留組)共84例,無(wú)絨毛組(對(duì)照組)共12例(其中9例為蛻膜組織,1例為子宮內(nèi)膜息肉,1例為增值期內(nèi)膜,1例為宮腔積血)。

1.2 方法

分析方法:針對(duì)選取的研究對(duì)象陰道超聲的檢查結(jié)果進(jìn)行回顧性分析。

宮腔鏡清宮術(shù)前進(jìn)行超聲檢查:所有的患者均使用美國(guó)記憶公司Logiq-E9多普勒超聲診斷儀進(jìn)行超聲診斷,陰道超聲探頭頻率為5~9 MHz?;颊吲趴瞻螂缀笕〗厥唬筋^套上消毒避孕套,放入陰道穹隆部位,橫向和縱向檢查子宮及雙側(cè)附件區(qū)情況,記錄子宮形態(tài)、大小、宮內(nèi)膜厚度,觀察宮腔線是否清晰、宮腔內(nèi)有無(wú)異常分布及異常豐富的血流信號(hào)。

綜上所述,經(jīng)陰道超聲檢查診斷流產(chǎn)后宮內(nèi)殘留價(jià)值明確,宮腔內(nèi)異常血流信號(hào)豐富區(qū)及宮內(nèi)膜線不清晰高度提示宮內(nèi)殘留可能。然而宮內(nèi)未見(jiàn)明顯異常血流信號(hào)不能排除宮內(nèi)殘留可能,最終需病理學(xué)確診。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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(收稿日期:2019-10-17) (本文編輯:何玉勤)