李偉寬
【摘要】 目的:探討脊柱骨折臨床實(shí)施微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療的有效性。方法:選擇2018年1月-2019年1月治療的脊柱骨折患者92例,隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為對(duì)照組(n=46)和觀察組(n=46)。對(duì)照組實(shí)施傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)放內(nèi)固定手術(shù)治療,觀察組實(shí)施微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療,比較兩組患者手術(shù)指標(biāo)、治療優(yōu)良率、椎體功能、VAS、NRSD評(píng)分。結(jié)果:觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、自主活動(dòng)時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組優(yōu)良率為93.47%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的84.78%(P<0.05);觀察組治療后1個(gè)月脊柱前緣、中線及后緣高度均高于對(duì)照組,Cobb角低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后3 d的VAS評(píng)分、NRSD評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療脊柱骨折的臨床效果明顯,創(chuàng)傷小,恢復(fù)快,并發(fā)癥少,減輕了患者的疼痛指數(shù),改善椎體功能,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 脊柱骨折 微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘 傳統(tǒng)手術(shù) 治療效果 并發(fā)癥
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw surgery in the treatment of spinal fractures. Method: A total of 92 patients with spinal fractures treated from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected. they were divided into the control group (n=46) and the observation group (n=46) by the random number table. The control group underwent conventional open internal fixation surgery. The observation group underwent minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw surgery. The surgical index, excellent rate of treatment, vertebral function, VAS and NRSD scores were compared between the two groups. Result: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, spontaneous activity time and postoperative complications of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of the observation group was 93.47%, which was significantly higher than 84.78% of the control group (P<0.05). The heights of the anterior, medial and posterior margins of the observation group at 1 month after operation were higher than those of the control group, the Cobb angle of the group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The VAS and NRSD score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 3 days after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw surgery for the treatment of spinal fractures has obvious clinical effects. It has less trauma, quick recovery, less complications, reduces the pain index of patients and improves the vertebral function of patients. It is worthy of popularization and application.
脊柱骨折是骨科常見(jiàn)的嚴(yán)重骨折類型之一,通常是由于外力撞擊或者跌倒導(dǎo)致,嚴(yán)重者會(huì)導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)損傷,由于脊柱骨折后,骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生改變,如果治療不及時(shí),會(huì)增加致殘率,給患者身體和心理帶來(lái)巨大痛苦,還會(huì)影響內(nèi)臟及循環(huán)系統(tǒng)損傷,增加治療難度[1]。臨床上常用的治療方法是采取手術(shù)治療,傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)放內(nèi)固定手術(shù)治療具有一定的治療效果,但也存在著創(chuàng)傷大、術(shù)中出血量大、并發(fā)癥多、恢復(fù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、術(shù)后疼痛指數(shù)高、椎體恢復(fù)不理想等缺陷[2]。隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)也在不斷地提高,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)具有切口小、創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)中出血量少、恢復(fù)快、痛苦少、并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)勢(shì)。應(yīng)用微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療脊柱骨折臨床效果顯著,利于患者恢復(fù)。本文探討脊柱骨折臨床實(shí)施微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療的有效性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
采用微創(chuàng)手術(shù),利用經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)對(duì)脊柱骨折進(jìn)行固定,手術(shù)傷口小,減少了對(duì)肌肉及韌帶的牽拉,且對(duì)神經(jīng)損傷和關(guān)節(jié)損傷小,所以術(shù)后會(huì)減少腰疼、背疼、肌肉僵硬的癥狀發(fā)生,利于神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù),加快了患者恢復(fù)自主活動(dòng)能力[10]。本研究中,觀察組的優(yōu)良率為93.47%,明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明,微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療脊柱骨折患者,有利于神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù),提高患者的活動(dòng)能力及生活質(zhì)量。用微創(chuàng)手術(shù)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘置入并固定,確保位置放置正確后利用撐開(kāi)器將椎體撐起,復(fù)位至合適的高度,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)脊柱骨折的三維固定,增強(qiáng)脊椎的堅(jiān)硬度和穩(wěn)定性,符合身體解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)[11]。本研究中,兩組術(shù)前椎體各指標(biāo)水平對(duì)比差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組術(shù)后脊柱前緣、中線及后緣高度高于對(duì)照組,Cobb角低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),由此說(shuō)明,微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療脊柱骨折,可明顯提高椎體高度,降低Cobb角幅度,改善了患者的椎體功能。
脊柱骨折給患者帶來(lái)巨大的疼痛,限制了患者活動(dòng),嚴(yán)重者終身癱瘓。脊柱骨折后及時(shí)就醫(yī)可以提高治療效果,減輕患者痛苦[12]。微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)不但可對(duì)骨折區(qū)域進(jìn)行修復(fù),還可減少術(shù)中對(duì)其他組織的損傷,從而降低患者的疼痛指數(shù)。而傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)對(duì)患者背部肌纖維的損傷大,造成肌肉、韌帶出血的情況多,引起后支張力增加,引發(fā)腰、背部疼痛,也有部分患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)損傷,出現(xiàn)劇烈疼痛或者癱瘓[13]。本研究中,兩組術(shù)前疼痛評(píng)分比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組術(shù)后3 d的VAS、NRSD評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)可減輕患者的痛苦,縮短患者的康復(fù)時(shí)間,提高患者的生活質(zhì)量。
綜上所述,微創(chuàng)經(jīng)皮椎弓根釘手術(shù)治療脊柱骨折的臨床效果明顯,對(duì)患者的創(chuàng)傷小,恢復(fù)快,并發(fā)癥少,減輕了患者的疼痛指數(shù),改善患者椎體功能,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-14) (本文編輯:何玉勤)