瓊·克雷格黑德·喬治

One morning near the Colvill River， Sweet Fur Amy pricked up her ears and took in short sniffs of air. Then she broke into a sprint.

Kapu followed. She was on the trail of a caribou. Although he could not smell it himself， he trusted Amy. She could pick up scents five and six miles away and track them down. All wolves have incredible noses lined with hundreds of scent receptors， but Amy was extraordinary for even a wolf. He let her take the lead pointing their way into the wind.

They came upon a female caribou on the open flats. Everyone stopped， listened， looked， and sniffed. Eye messages from Kapu sent the wolves fanning out around the prey. Aaka， whose talent was herding， ran wide to bring the caribou toward the others. The hunters lowered their bodies and stalked slowly forward. The caribou sensed their intent and bolted.

She ran far ahead of the wolves. They slowed their pace， looking this way and that as if not at all interested in hunting. The cow stopped fleeing and browsed. When her head was down， the wolves stole closer. With two glances Kapu directed Silver to the right and Raw Bones to the left. Raw Bones saw an opportunity to cut off the leader and take his place， but he was not fast enough. Kapu saw what he was up to and put on a burst of speed， and he， Zing， and Amy charged the caribou. She lifted her head and ran nimbly away.

Ten times they tried to fell her. Ten times they failed. They gave up the chase. The life of a wolf is hard. Panting， their tongues hanging out of their mouths， they scanned the tundra for prey. The only movements were flowers and grasses dancing in the wind. Raw Bones sneaked up on the young leader and tried to ride up on him. A wolf statement of dominance. Kapu threw him off with a twist.

Suddenly a wolverine not far away startled a caribou to her feet. Infested with parasites， the cow had been resting on a last patch of snow. Her flashing departure set the wolves on a chase.

Within the half hour the hungry pack had their quarry. Raw Bones ran in to eat first as alpha males do. Kapu grabbed the scruff of his neck and pulled him away to let Silver eat first. Raw Bones snarled and grabbed Kapu by the throat， but the young alpha twisted him down. Snarling viciously above him， Kapu held him down on his belly with his regal posture until Silver and then Aaka had eaten. Then he let him up. Raw Bones must be kept in line. He was close to usurping the leadership by virtue of his age and his high rank as the father of Silvers pups. Winning a fight would do it. Kapu kept watch.

一天早上，在科爾維爾河附近，香毛艾米豎起了耳朵，短促地嗅了幾下空氣。然后她突然開(kāi)始全力奔跑。

卡普緊緊跟著艾米。她在追蹤一只北美馴鹿?？ㄆ针m然自己聞不到，但他相信艾米。艾米能在五六英里之外聞到氣味并且追蹤到獵物。所有狼的鼻子都有數(shù)百個(gè)氣味受體，但艾米是一只非同尋常的狼?？ㄆ兆尠讕ьI(lǐng)著狼群在風(fēng)中奔跑。

他們?cè)谝黄_(kāi)闊的沼澤地追上了一只北美母馴鹿。每一只狼都停下來(lái)，傾聽(tīng)、觀察和嗅一下周?chē)??？ㄆ沼醚凵袷疽?，讓狼群散開(kāi)，朝著獵物包抄過(guò)去。阿卡的天賦是圍獵，所以她跑得很遠(yuǎn)，要把馴鹿趕到其他狼那里。獵手們伏低身子慢慢地往前潛行。馴鹿察覺(jué)了狼群的意圖，快速奔跑起來(lái)。

馴鹿在狼群的前面奔跑，離得很遠(yuǎn)。狼群放慢了腳步，東張西望，好像對(duì)圍獵一點(diǎn)兒都不感興趣。母馴鹿于是不再逃跑，吃起草來(lái)。馴鹿低頭吃草的時(shí)候，狼群就偷偷地靠近?？ㄆ粘蛄藘裳郏屻y白到右邊，生骨到左邊。生骨看到有機(jī)會(huì)可以抄到頭狼之前去，取代頭狼的位置，可惜他不夠快。卡普看出來(lái)生骨想做什么，就突然加速?？ㄆ铡⒔蚝桶壮穷^馴鹿沖了過(guò)去。但馴鹿抬起頭，輕快地跑走了。

就這樣，狼群追了十次。十次都失敗了。于是狼群放棄了這次圍獵。狼的生存并不容易。他們累得氣喘吁吁，舌頭伸在外面，在苔原上繼續(xù)搜尋獵物。然而苔原上唯一晃動(dòng)的只有風(fēng)中起舞的花花草草。生骨悄悄地靠近年輕的頭狼，想騎到他背上。這是狼群之中宣稱(chēng)統(tǒng)治力的方式。但卡普一扭身把他摔了下去。

突然，不遠(yuǎn)處有一只狼獾驚起了一只馴鹿。那只母馴鹿感染了寄生蟲(chóng)，一直趴在一片殘雪上休息。馴鹿跳起來(lái)奔跑，又引發(fā)了狼群的追逐。

半小時(shí)之內(nèi)，饑餓的狼群終于抓到了獵物。生骨跑過(guò)來(lái)，想和頭狼一樣第一個(gè)進(jìn)食。但卡普拽住他的后頸把他拉到一邊，讓銀白先吃。生骨嘶吼著，咬住卡普的喉嚨，但年輕的頭狼又把他摔倒在地。卡普怒吼著，把生骨緊緊按住讓他趴在地上，而自己保持著帝王般高昂的姿態(tài)，直到銀白和阿卡都吃完，才讓生骨起來(lái)。生骨必須遵守狼群的秩序。生骨年齡比較大，還是銀白所生狼崽兒的父親，所以級(jí)別高，很容易篡奪狼群的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)——只要打敗了頭狼就可以。所以，卡普必須保持警惕。

【背景知識(shí)】狼群的生活并不容易，也不是每一次捕獵都成功。群狼各有各的絕招，有的嗅覺(jué)靈敏，有的善于捕獵，集體合作才是最好的方式。年輕的卡普要取得成功，必須依靠所有成員的天賦，還要時(shí)刻警惕別人搶走自己的頭狼位置。

【第一段】took in short sniffs如直譯，會(huì)是“幾次簡(jiǎn)短的嗅”，中文不能接受，所以譯文是“短促地嗅了幾下空氣”。

【第二段】中英文之間的一大區(qū)別是英文多用代詞，而中文多用名詞。因此，英譯漢時(shí)很多情況下原文的代詞要轉(zhuǎn)換為中文的名詞，這樣指代更清楚。第一句譯文添加了名詞“艾米”，第二句的代詞he在譯文里轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞“卡普”，第三句的代詞she在譯文中轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞“艾米”。這些都是中英文之間較為常見(jiàn)的代詞和名詞互換。倒數(shù)第二句中Amy was extraordinary for even a wolf（直譯：艾米即使對(duì)狼來(lái)說(shuō)也是不尋常的）不宜直譯，需要稍作變通。

【第三段】第三句中的主語(yǔ)eye messages不符合中文習(xí)慣，因?yàn)橹形囊话阌萌宋镒髦髡Z(yǔ)（eye messages from Kapu sent wolves fanning out around the prey直譯為“卡普發(fā)出的眼神信息讓狼群繞著獵物包抄過(guò)去”），所以譯文調(diào)整為“卡普用眼神示意，讓狼群散開(kāi)，朝著獵物包抄過(guò)去”。

【第四段】第一句也可以直譯為“馴鹿遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地在狼群前面奔跑”，但稍感不流暢。第四句中when her head was down也可以譯為“當(dāng)她低下頭的時(shí)候”，但譯文明晰化為“馴鹿低頭吃草的時(shí)候”。這一次捕獵失敗其實(shí)有生骨的責(zé)任。他貪功有私心，導(dǎo)致圍獵被馴鹿發(fā)現(xiàn)，馴鹿得以提前跑掉。

【第五段】前兩句兩次使用ten times，而且放在句子開(kāi)頭，有強(qiáng)調(diào)和重復(fù)的修辭作用，中文卻不宜照搬過(guò)來(lái);譯文添加了“就這樣”，以補(bǔ)償修辭的效果。第四句中的短語(yǔ)the life of a wolf不宜直譯為“一只狼的生活”，顯得過(guò)于刻板;譯文概括化為“狼的生存”。原文倒數(shù)第二句是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，譯文增譯為一個(gè)完整的句子，讓意思更完整。

【第六段】短語(yǔ)a last patch of snow直譯為“最后的一塊雪”，邏輯上有漏洞，譯文調(diào)整為“一片殘雪”。

【第七段】句子Kapu held him down on his belly（直譯：卡普按住他，讓他趴在肚子上）如直譯會(huì)顯得奇怪，譯文添加了句子成分為“把生骨緊緊按住讓他趴在地上”。短語(yǔ)regal posture意思是“帝王般的姿態(tài)”，具體指卡普仰起頭顯得高高在上，所以譯文是“自己保持著帝王般高昂的姿態(tài)”。銀白是卡普的母親，生骨算是卡普的繼父，所以在狼群里級(jí)別較高。但卡普為了維持自己的頭狼地位，必須讓生骨遵守狼群的秩序。

【小結(jié)】這一選段原文中有很多簡(jiǎn)短有力的句子，譯為中文時(shí)需要適當(dāng)添加句子成分，才更加符合中文習(xí)慣，意思才更明白。同時(shí)，選段中有些英文短語(yǔ)非常地道，不宜直譯為中文，需要適當(dāng)調(diào)整語(yǔ)序或者轉(zhuǎn)換敘述方式才能更好地被中文讀者接受。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□