薛洪君

With the rise of international relations， its become extremely important to acknowledge cultural differences and abide by cultural norms when doing business in foreign countries. Heres a guide to global business etiquette with tips on how to shake hands， the proper body language， expected attire， and more.

Belgium

Handshake

Give a quick， light handshake to everyone present. Men should wait for women to extend their hands first.

Proximity1

Belgians value their personal space. Be sure to stay an arms length apart when talking to your counterparts.

Body language

Speaking or gesturing in an animated2 way is looked down upon. Speak in a controlled， low voice at all times.

Dining

Most business meals are conducted over lunch as Belgians prefer to spend dinner with their families.

Brazil

Handshake

Greet people with a firm， lingering handshake and strong eye contact. Kisses on the cheek， especially between women， is also a common greeting.

Proximity

People stand close when talking， and it is common to touch the person that they are talking to on the shoulder or arm.

Timeliness

In Sao Paulo and Brasilia it is important to arrive on time. In most other cities it is acceptable to arrive slightly late.

Meetings

Personal relationships between business partners are important， and conversations in meetings tend to include conversations about personal lives.

China

Handshake

Greet people in order of seniority with a light handshake and a slight bow.

Meetings

In meetings， employees sit according to seniority and rank. It is rude to question someone above you.

Dining

It is polite not to finish your food. Leaving food on your plate shows that you are full and satisfied.

France

Handshake

Shake hands quickly and lightly， and maintain direct eye contact when speaking to people.

Socializing

The French highly value people who speak their language. If youre not fluent， try to learn a few greetings and handy phrases to use.

Meetings

The French are impressed by people who can debate well to prove that they fully understand a situation or business proposal.

Communication should stick to business and remain professional at all times， and you should try to go into comprehensive detail about everything you discuss.

Germany

Handshake

Give a quick， firm handshake to everyone， including children， when entering and leaving.

Socializing

When introducing a group of colleagues， always start by introducing the person who holds the highest position.

Titles

Always refer to people by their honorific title and their last name unless otherwise instructed.

India

Handshake

A light handshake is adequate for foreigners， though a namaste3 greeting is traditional in India. To do so， bring your hands together in front of your chest and bow slightly.

Socializing

Being too direct is considered rude. Instead of saying “no”， people say “l(fā)ll try” or “l(fā)et me consider”.

Body language

Feet are considered unclean. Never point them at people or put them on a desk or table.

Waving your hand from side-to-side is interpreted as “no” or “go away” rather than hello.

Meetings

In meetings， it is considered rude to jump to business right away. Have a friendly conversation with your counterpart first.

Italy

Handshake

The handshake is firm but not too long. Upon introductions and departures， people shake hands individually with all members of a group.

In the case of a very friendly or family relationship， people may embrace and/or “kiss” （by simply pressing cheeks together） on either cheek.

Meetings

Its important to establish reciprocal4 trust before getting down to business. Negotiations can be rather lengthy as Italians like to spend time carefully evaluating any business decisions.

Japan

Handshake

The traditional greeting in Japan is a bow， which shows respect. A light handshake and slight bow are also acceptable for foreigners.

Eye contact

Employees closing their eyes is a sign of listening intently and concentrating on what is being said.

Body language

It is considered rude to gesture with broad arm movements. Its also rude to sit cross-legged.

Meetings

“Yes” does not constitute agreement; it simply means your counterpart is listening and understands.

Mexico

Handshake

A light handshake is customary. Women are expected to extend their hands first when shaking hands with men.

Proximity

Mexicans stand close together when talking， and it is common to touch the person they are talking to on the forearm or elbow.

Body language

Do not stand with your hands on your hips. It signifies hostility or anger.

Dining

It is customary to take long lunches， usually from two to four in the afternoon. Avoid doing business during this time.

Timeliness

Time is relatively flexible. Arriving slightly late is rarely an issue.

New Zealand

Handshake

Handshakes are firm and quick. If youre a woman shaking a mans hand， offer your hand first.

Body language

A thumbs-up sign is considered an insult.

Meeting

Communication can be very direct and to the point. As a result， you should always be aware that what you say may be taken very seriously and at face value5， so try to state things in a straightforward manner.

Dining

Talking while dining should be minimal. Lunch may be used for business meetings， but dinner is for social interactions.

Singapore

Meetings

Negotiations happen at a slow pace. Singaporeans are non-confrontational， and verbal agreements may not lead to a formal agreement.

Hours

Singaporeans often stay late in the office because people who work long hours are seen as hard workers.

Socializing

Personal and professional lives are kept separate. Many professionals will turn down6 after hours7 invitations.

Switzerland

Handshake

Give a firm handshake to everyone when entering and leaving.

Meetings

Meetings are timely and stick closely to agendas. They are often impersonal and do not include small talk.

Turkey

Body language

A subtle nod of the head means “yes”. “No” is demonstrated by moving the head in a fully upward motion.

Meetings

Initial meetings are about building relationships. Engage in personal conversations to get to know your counterparts.

Islam is prevalent in Turkey. Make sure to schedule your meetings around the five daily prayer times.

Body language

It is considered rude for the soles of your shoes to be showing. Be sure to keep them on the ground.

United Arab Emirates

Handshake

Shake hands in order of seniority. Handshakes should linger slightly， as this is considered polite.

Dress

Women are expected to dress conservatively. Shoulders and knees should be covered.

Eye contact

Men do not maintain extended periods of eye contact with women.

Meetings

First meetings are meant to establish relationships. Verbal agreements are expected to be kept.

Body language

The left hand is considered unclean. When you are passing business cards or documents， use your right hand.

United Kingdom

Handshake

Handshakes are light. After you shake hands， avoid prolonged eye contact and be mindful of personal space.

Socializing

The British are reserved and private. They do not expect to exchange small talk or personal information.

Body language

Tapping ones nose is a sign for confidentiality.

In the U.K.， when the two-fingered “V for victory” or “peace” salute is given with the hand turned so that the palm faces inward， it is considered extremely rude.

Dining

When you go out for drinks， its customary to buy drinks in rounds rather than just for yourself.

United States

Handshake

Introduce yourself with a firm handshake.

Titles

Calling co-workers by their first name， regardless of position， is standard in most companies.

Eye contact

Strong eye contact is expected， as it shows interest and engagement in the conversation.

Proximity

Persona space is valued. Make sure not to stand too close to your counterpart when conversing.

Dining

Americans are open to meeting over all meals―breakfast， lunch， and dinner.

隨著國際交往的日益增多，在國外從事商業(yè)活動時，承認文化差異并遵守文化規(guī)范變得格外重要。這里是一份全球商務(wù)禮儀指南，就如何握手、正確運用肢體語言、怎樣穿著得體乃至更多方面給出建議。

比利時

握手

快速與每一位在場者輕輕握手。男士應(yīng)等待女士先伸手。

親密距離

比利時人看重自己的個人空間。交談時，切記與對方保持一臂的距離。

肢體語言

講話時過于激動或打手勢時動作過多會招人鄙視。無論何時都須克制地低聲講話。

用餐

商務(wù)餐多在午餐時進行，因為比利時人更愿意與家人共享晚餐。

巴西

握手

與人互致問候時緊緊握手，握的時間長一些，并注視對方。吻臉頰也是慣有的見面禮節(jié)，尤其是在女性之間。

親密距離

人們交談時站得很近，慣常還會碰觸交談對象的肩膀或手臂。

時間把握

在圣保羅和巴西利亞，準時赴約很重要。在大多數(shù)其他城市稍微遲到一點沒有問題。

會議

商業(yè)伙伴之間的私人關(guān)系很重要，會見商談往往會加進一些個人生活的話題。

中國

握手

與人打招呼時按照長幼順序，輕輕握手并微微彎身。

會議

舉行會議時，員工按照長幼順序和職務(wù)高低就坐。質(zhì)問比自己職務(wù)高者是無禮之舉。

用餐

有禮貌的做法是不吃光自己的食物。盤中留有食物表示你已吃飽且感到滿意。

法國

握手

快速輕柔地握手，與人講話時直視對方。

社交

法國人對會說法語的人高看一眼。如果說不流利，盡量學(xué)幾句問候語和常用短語備用。

會議

通過有力的說辯來證明自己對某一情形甚或商務(wù)提案了如指掌，會讓法國人肅然起敬。

溝通應(yīng)始終圍繞業(yè)務(wù)并保持專業(yè)性，對商討的一切問題，盡力將方方面面的細節(jié)談好。

德國

握手

到場或離場時快速與每一位在場者（包括兒童）緊緊地握手。

社交

介紹一組同事時，始終從職務(wù)最高的人開始。

稱呼

除非另有要求，始終以姓加尊稱稱呼對方。

印度

握手

對到印度的外國人來說，與人見面時輕輕握手就可以。不過印度的傳統(tǒng)見面禮節(jié)是合十禮，具體做法為雙手在胸前合攏，同時上身微俯。

社交

太直率被視為無禮。人們會說“我試試看”或“讓我考慮考慮”而不是直接說“不”。

肢體語言

腳被認為不潔。切勿用腳指人或是把它們放到桌子上。

把手揮來揮去的意思是“不”或“走開”，而非打招呼。

會議

會晤一開始即談業(yè)務(wù)會被視為沒禮貌。應(yīng)先與對方親切攀談一番。

意大利

握手

握手時握緊但不久握。在相互引見和離開時，與團體的所有成員逐一握手。

如果關(guān)系特別好或是在家庭關(guān)系中，人們會相互擁抱和/或“親吻”一面臉頰（只簡單把臉頰相貼）。

會議

進入主題前確立相互信任很重要。談判時間往往會很長，因為意大利人喜好不吝時間仔細審量任何商務(wù)決定。

日本

握手

日本傳統(tǒng)的見面禮是鞠躬，以示敬意。在日本的外國人只輕輕握手并微微鞠躬也是可以接受的。

目光接觸

雇員閉著眼睛表示在專注傾聽，全神貫注于所講內(nèi)容。

肢體語言

打手勢時手臂動作幅度過大被視為無禮。坐時交叉腿也為不雅。

會議

“是”不能算作同意;只意味著對方正在聽并且理解了。

墨西哥

握手

輕輕握手符合習(xí)俗。女性與男性握手，女性應(yīng)先伸手。

親密距離

墨西哥人交談時站得很近，碰觸交談對象的前臂或手肘較為常見。

肢體語言

站立時手不得放于臀部。這表示敵意或是生氣。

用餐

午餐習(xí)慣用時較長，通常從下午兩點到四點。別在這段時間內(nèi)安排商務(wù)活動。

時間把握

時間方面較為靈活。到晚一點一般不是問題。

新西蘭

握手

緊握并快速松開。如果是女性，與男性握手時要先伸手。

肢體語言

豎大拇指被視為侮辱動作。

會議

交流時可能會直奔主題。有鑒于此，時刻注意你說的話可能被當真并從字面理解，所以盡量有話直說。

用餐

用餐時盡量少講話?？衫梦绮瓦M行商務(wù)會談，晚餐用來進行社交活動。

新加坡

會議

談判以慢節(jié)奏進行。新加坡人不喜針鋒相對，口頭商定也不見得能正式簽約。

工時

新加坡人常愿在辦公室待晚一會兒，因為加班加點者被視為工作勤奮的人。

社交

個人生活和職場生活涇渭分明。很多職業(yè)人士會謝絕工余時間的邀約。

瑞士

握手

到場和離場時均應(yīng)與每一個人緊緊握手。

會議

會議準時且嚴格遵守日程。一般不涉及個人事務(wù)，也不會加進閑談。

土耳其

肢體語言

微妙的點頭表示“是”，把頭盡力上仰表示“不”。

會議

初始見面主要是為了建立關(guān)系。應(yīng)進行私人交談以求了解對方。

土耳其盛行伊斯蘭教。圍繞每日五次的祈禱時間安排會見。

肢體語言

把腳翹起來露出鞋底會被視為粗魯之舉。謹記雙腳不要離地。

阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國

握手

握手按照長幼順序。稍微多握一會兒被認為有禮貌。

衣著

女性衣著宜穩(wěn)重。肩膀和膝蓋不外露。

目光交流

男性不應(yīng)與女性保持長時間的目光交流。

會議

初始會面都是為建立關(guān)系。口頭協(xié)議理當遵守。

肢體語言

左手被認為不潔。遞送商務(wù)名片或文件要用右手。

英國

握手

輕輕握手。握完手避免有進一步目光交流并注意不要靠對方太近。

社交

英國人保守、重私密。他們不愿閑聊或交流私人信息。

肢體語言

輕敲鼻子表示事情需要保密。

在英國，用兩手指做代表勝利或致敬“和平”的V手勢，而若轉(zhuǎn)過手來成掌心向內(nèi)，則被認為是超級無禮。

用餐

出去喝一杯時，按照慣例是大家輪流買酒，而不是只買自己的。

美國

握手

自我介紹的同時緊緊握手。

稱呼

同事間不管職務(wù)為何都直呼其名，這在大多數(shù)公司中均為標準做法。

目光交流

應(yīng)該注視對方，因為這表示對談話有興致且參與其中。

親密距離

看重個人空間。交談時切忌與談話對象站得太近。

用餐

美國人可接受在任一餐——早餐、午餐和晚餐時會見。

（譯者為“《英語世界》杯”翻譯大賽獲獎?wù)撸?/p>

1 proximity臨近;親近。? 2 animated活躍的，生氣勃勃的。

3 namaste〈印英〉合十禮。

4 reciprocal相互的;交互的。

5 face value表面價值;字面意義。

6 turn down拒絕。? 7 after hours業(yè)余時間的。