王淑珍 郭良蓉 王丹 段星 張秀菊 姚遠(yuǎn) 田永勝
[摘要] 目的 探討低溫等離子射頻扁桃體及腺樣體切除術(shù)治療兒童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(OSAHS)的臨床療效及其手術(shù)安全性,為患者的診療提供指導(dǎo)。 方法 選取2016年4月~2018年6月在我院進(jìn)行治療的280例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征患兒作為研究對象,按照治療方式的不同,分為觀察組(140例)和對照組(140例)。對照組給予鼻噴激素、孟魯司特鈉咀嚼片等藥物治療,觀察組采用低溫等離子射頻扁桃體切除和(或)腺樣體切除術(shù)。治療完成3個(gè)月后,比較兩種治療模式的治療效果,分別對觀察組和對照組的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停-18(OSA-18)評分、呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)以及最低血氧飽和度(LSaO2)進(jìn)行檢測比較。 結(jié)果 觀察組治療的總有效率明顯高于對照組,兩組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=12.12,P=0.00)。治療后,觀察組AHI指數(shù)、OSA-18評分均明顯低于對照組,LSaO2高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對照組出現(xiàn)3例呼吸道感染患兒,不良反應(yīng)率為2.14%;觀察組出現(xiàn)2例呼吸道感染患兒,不良反應(yīng)率為1.43%,兩組不良反應(yīng)率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.210,P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 低溫等離子射頻扁桃體切除和腺樣體切除術(shù)治療OSAHS的療效顯著,未見明顯不良反應(yīng),治療效果較為理想,在臨床治療上值得推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 扁桃體;腺樣體;低溫等離子;阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征;兒童
[中圖分類號(hào)] R766 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)25-0028-04
Therapeutic effect of low temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
WANG Shuzhen ? GUO Liangrong ? WANG Dan ? DUAN Xing ? ZHANG Xiuju ? YAO Yuan ? TIAN Yongsheng
E.N.T. Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing ? 100049, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical safety of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS), and to provide guidance for patients' diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 280 children patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome who were treated in our hospital from April 2016 to June 2018 were selected. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into observation group(140 cases) and control group(140 cases). The control group was given nasal spray of hormones, montelukast sodium chewable tablets and other medications for treatment. The observation group was given low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. After 3 months of treatment, the therapeutic effects of the two treatment modes were compared. Obstructive sleep apnea-18(OSA-18) score, apnea hypopnea index(AHI), and minimum oxygen saturation(LSaO2) were detected and compared between the observation group and the control group. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(χ2=12.12, P=0.00). After treatment, the AHI index and OSA-18 score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the LSaO2 was higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were 3 children patients with respiratory infection in the control group, and the adverse reaction rate was 2.14%; there were 2 children patients with respiratory infection in the observation group, and the adverse reaction rate was 1.43%. There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reaction rates between the two groups(χ2=0.210, P>0.05). Conclusion Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the treatment of OSAHS has a significant efficacy, and no obvious adverse reactions have been observed. The therapeutic effect is ideal and this method is worthy of promotion in clinical treatment.
近年來一種新技術(shù)——低溫等離子系統(tǒng)開始應(yīng)用于切除OSAHS患兒扁桃體、腺樣體,其工作原理為通過特定超低頻電能激發(fā)生理鹽水產(chǎn)生等離子體,在40℃~60℃蛋白質(zhì)可逆變范圍內(nèi),產(chǎn)生聲波打斷分子鍵,完成對組織的切割,因此,該項(xiàng)技術(shù)相比于其他治療手段具有時(shí)間短、出血量少、康復(fù)速度快的優(yōu)勢,但由于在臨床治療上對OSAHS認(rèn)識(shí)的不夠全面,以至于該項(xiàng)技術(shù)在臨床治療上未得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在羅惠秀等[18]研究中,80例采用扁桃體腺樣體切除術(shù)治療的OSAHS患兒癥狀均得到改善且治療結(jié)果顯示手術(shù)治療有效率為100%。本研究結(jié)果顯示采用扁桃體腺樣體切除術(shù)治療的患兒總有效率以及LSaO2含量高于采用其他治療方式治療的患兒;采用扁桃體腺樣體切除術(shù)治療患兒的AHI指數(shù)、OSA-18評分低于采用其他治療方式的患兒。
對OSAHS患兒采用低溫等離子射頻技術(shù)下進(jìn)行扁桃體切除和(或)腺樣體切除治療效果較保守治療好,能有效改善其呼吸障礙與生活質(zhì)量,不良反應(yīng)輕,考慮其可能優(yōu)勢有:(1)對正常組織損傷小,最大程度地保留正常組織結(jié)構(gòu)及功能,術(shù)后康復(fù)快,并發(fā)癥少;(2)無輻射危害,無煙霧和異味,不起火花,更加安全;(3)由于等離子刀頭細(xì)長,韌性良好,且功能作用點(diǎn)位于其末端,在手術(shù)時(shí)視野更加清晰,定位也更加準(zhǔn)確;(4)止血效果較好,能有效封閉血管,反應(yīng)程度輕,痛苦少,年齡較小的患兒更易接受。但術(shù)后仍會(huì)出現(xiàn)出血等并發(fā)癥,且本研究納入對象腺樣體及扁桃體只有輕度肥大,并未納入臨床上具有打鼾、憋氣等癥狀較嚴(yán)重的患兒,其遠(yuǎn)期療效仍需要臨床進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,低溫等離子射頻扁桃體及腺樣體切除術(shù)治療兒童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征療效顯著,值得廣泛推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-15)