陳環(huán) 安徽建筑大學(xué)城市建筑學(xué)院 安徽省巢湖市 238076
2017年歲末,英國(guó)Maclehose Press出版了《射雕英雄傳》的首部英譯本。2018年2月,第一卷《英雄誕生》(A Hero Born)發(fā)售,譯者為郝玉青(Anna Holmwood)。郝玉青曾在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中文并取得中文系碩士學(xué)位,之后旅居中國(guó)多年。郝玉青根據(jù)金庸在2002年的“新修版”《射雕英雄傳》翻譯而成,譯文覆蓋原著前九章。
筆者比照閱讀了中英兩個(gè)版本,發(fā)現(xiàn)譯者誤譯約有七十多處。經(jīng)整理分析,筆者認(rèn)為譯者誤譯的原因有三。第一,粗心大意導(dǎo)致誤譯;第二,譯者對(duì)帶有中國(guó)特有文化的詞語(yǔ)理解有誤,導(dǎo)致誤譯;第三,譯者對(duì)原文理解有誤。但是這樣的譯法會(huì)造成一種源語(yǔ)文化的損失,也是對(duì)原作精神和內(nèi)涵的一種偏離。有意識(shí)誤譯,雖然考慮了目的語(yǔ)讀者的文化接受和認(rèn)同,卻也造成了文化意象的缺失。
現(xiàn)就誤譯情況舉例說(shuō)明分析。
1.1 原文:楊鐵心叫道:“韓丞相專(zhuān)害無(wú)辜好人,誰(shuí)不知道?我們可不上這個(gè)當(dāng)?!保≒29)
譯 文:“ The court at Lin’an only knows how to harass innocent citizens. Everyone knows that!” Guo called back. “We’re not falling for that lie!”(P31)
人名譯錯(cuò),許是譯者無(wú)心之過(guò),但此處實(shí)際上對(duì)人物性格刻畫(huà)極為重要。楊鐵心個(gè)性易沖動(dòng),說(shuō)話(huà)無(wú)遮攔,當(dāng)面頂撞甚至辱罵丞相是個(gè)性使然,而郭嘯天更忠厚老實(shí),說(shuō)話(huà)更圓通講理。此處誤譯影響人物性格的統(tǒng)一性,不利于目的語(yǔ)讀者對(duì)人物的理解。
1.2 原文:只見(jiàn)那窮酸喝了一口酒,搖頭擺腦的吟道:“不義之財(cái)……放他過(guò),……玉皇大帝……發(fā)脾氣!”口中高吟,伸手從懷里掏出一錠錠金銀,整整齊齊的排在桌上,一共掏出八錠銀子,兩錠金子。(P53)
譯 文:Second Brother took a swig of wine and began reciting a poem, his head swaying from side to side as the words dipped and soared: “Ill-gotten gains, let them go, For the Jade Emperor is about to blow!” He reached into his shirt and removed ingot after ingot, laying them out neatly on the table.Eight gold, two silver.(P60)
譯者無(wú)心之過(guò)。對(duì)情節(jié)發(fā)展并無(wú)影響。原文后文也未提及郭靖所持具體銀兩數(shù)目。
1.3 原文:這般大跑了兩個(gè)時(shí)辰,郭靖才收韁下馬稍息,然后上馬又跑,再過(guò)一個(gè)多時(shí)辰,忽見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處草原上黑壓壓的列著三隊(duì)騎兵,瞧人數(shù)是三個(gè)千人隊(duì)。(P202)
譯 文:Three hours had passed when he spotted three ranks lined up further ahead. There must have been at least three thousand men.(P238)
中文里古時(shí)一個(gè)時(shí)辰是現(xiàn)在的兩個(gè)小時(shí),此處應(yīng)為six hours。但譯者在其他幾處時(shí)辰的翻譯無(wú)誤,可知譯者知道這一中文中的常識(shí)。因此這里的誤譯是無(wú)心之過(guò)。
2.1 原文:先一人道:“瞧你這副色迷迷的樣兒,小心小王爺砍掉你的腦袋。這個(gè)姑娘么,相貌雖美,可還不及咱們王妃。”另一人道:“這種風(fēng)塵女子,你怎么拿來(lái)跟王妃比?”先一人道:“王妃,你道她出身又……”說(shuō)到這里,忽然住口,咳嗽了兩聲,轉(zhuǎn)口道……(P287)
譯文:“Watch that the Prince doesn’t hear your dirty talk, or he’ll cut your head off! She may be pretty, but she’s got nothing on the Consort.” “That lowly country girl? Of course she’s got nothing on the Consort.” “But I thought you said the Consort came from—“He suddenly stopped and coughed.(P335)
中文中“道”有多種解釋?zhuān)氯A字典中給出其作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“以為”。原文意思是,你以為王妃的出身又(有多高貴嗎?)譯者將“道”理解為“說(shuō)道”,因此譯錯(cuò)。
2.2 原文:王處一哈哈大笑,說(shuō)道:“你義俠心腸,我喜歡得緊,哪會(huì)怪你?”(P264)
譯文:Wang Chuyi responded with a hearty burst of laughter. “You are a courteous and humble young man,just to my liking! Why would I be angry?”(P306)
“義俠”二字正是武俠小說(shuō)甚至中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要元素。這里“義俠心腸”,放在原文語(yǔ)境中實(shí)指比武招親時(shí)郭靖為穆易父女行俠仗義一事,王處一稱(chēng)贊郭靖正直且熱心助人,并非是譯文中為人謙遜的意思,應(yīng)譯作“righteous and obliging”。
3.1 原文:郭楊二人見(jiàn)跛子曲三于頃刻之間連斃三人,武功之高,生平從所未見(jiàn),心中都是怦怦亂跳,大氣也不敢喘上一口,均想:“這人擊殺命官,犯下了滔天大罪。我們?nèi)羰墙o他發(fā)覺(jué),只怕他要?dú)⑷藴缈?,我兄弟倆可萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不是敵手?!眳s見(jiàn)曲三轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái),緩緩說(shuō)道:“郭兄,楊兄,請(qǐng)出來(lái)吧!”(P12)
譯 文:Guo and Yang watched, their hearts thumping, hardly able to catch their breath. “He just killed government officials. That’s punishable by death.” Guo gasped. “If he sees us he’ll kill us too, to keep us quiet.” But they had not hidden themselves as well as they had thought. Qu San turned towards them and called out: “Master Guo,Master Yang, you can come out now!”(P8)
此處增譯了But they had not hidden themselves as well as they had thought。筆者以為不妥。月黑風(fēng)高之夜,郭楊二人在林中藏得極好,但曲三仍能發(fā)現(xiàn),作者意在襯托曲三武功極高,細(xì)微之處皆有洞察。此處增譯是譯者未能理解金庸言外之意。