孫黎
[本課選自人教版義務教育課程標準實驗教科書 《英語》(新目標)八年級上冊。]
一、教材內容分析
本單元的話題主要是談論未來生活(Life in the future),本節(jié)Section B部分的閱讀課將Section A部分“談論未來世界”的話題拓展到“談論個人的未來生活”。2a-2e是一個整體的閱讀板塊,該單元閱讀語篇談論的是對未來機器人發(fā)展的不同預測。2a是讀前活動,通過問題激活學生的背景知識。2b-2d是閱讀理解活動,2b旨在讓學生通過略讀判斷各段段落大意,以獲得對文章的整體理解。2c旨在讓學生通過細讀摘取文中有關機器人現(xiàn)在狀況的細節(jié)信息。2d的文段是對閱讀語篇的縮寫,通過填詞幫助學生轉換文章信息,加深對文章的理解。該活動既關注信息,又關注語言,讓學生在已經(jīng)熟悉的語境中練習語言。2e是讀后討論拓展活動,讓學生在課文內容的基礎上發(fā)揮自己的想象,對機器人的未來發(fā)展情況進行預測,并與同伴分享觀點。本節(jié)課是一節(jié)典型的閱讀課。
二、教學目標
1.語言知識目標:
學習掌握單詞: dangerous; believe; disagree; even; agree; shapes等。
正確使用下列常用表達: human servants; over and over again; look for; fall down等。
2.語言技能目標:
能通過標題和圖片推測文章內容。
能通過skimming 和scanning 等閱讀策略理解文章的篇章結構。
能通過填詞學會轉換文章信息;能展開想象對機器人的未來發(fā)展進行預測,表達自己的觀點。
3.學習策略:
在閱讀中嘗試概括段落大意,加強篇章的整體理解。
能根據(jù)篇章內容的細節(jié)問題對文章進行深入地了解。
能靈活運用文章中所學的內容展開想象,進行發(fā)散式學習。
4.情感態(tài)度:
讓學生通過閱讀感受文章所傳達的積極思想,深刻感受“世上無難事,只怕有心人”的含義。
讓學生把知和情轉換為行,從小事做起,為實現(xiàn)自己的夢想而努力學習。
5.文化意識:
了解未來機器人的發(fā)展趨勢。
三、教學重、難點
教學重點:通過閱讀,加強對一般將來時表意功能和句子結構的理解,最終能夠在語篇中理解一般將來時的使用。
教學難點: 嘗試使用一般將來時談論自己對未來機器人的預測。
四.教學步驟
Step One ?Leading-in and warming-up
T:Today,well meet some new friends. Lets watch a video about them.
(Watch the video about robots in the future.)
T:Who are they?
T:What are they like?
T:What can they do?
S1:They are robots.They are like humans.They can dance.
S2:They are robots.They look like some small boys.They can walk and dance.
T:Yes,you are right.Today,well read an article to know more about robots.
設計意圖:通過播放未來機器人的相關視頻,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,同時了解機器人的相關知識,為學生順利理解本文做好鋪墊。
Step Two ?Pre-reading
T:Do you think all robots are like humans?What else can robots do?
S1:I dont think so.I know some robots are like dogs, they can help disabled people.
S2:I know some robots are like humans, they can help students to learn.
T:Robots have different shapes.They can do the same things as humans. Do you think you will have your own robots?Close your books,lets find out the main idea of each paragraph first.
(Ask students to read the first sentence together.)
T:Now, take out the paper, underline 2 key words of each paragraph.
設計意圖:通過視頻激發(fā)學生頭腦中關于機器人的相關知識,閱讀每段的第一句話為學生下一步的閱讀做好鋪墊。
Step Three ?While-reading
1. Skimming.
T:What are robots like and what can robots do in this article?Match the main idea according to the first sentence of each paragraph you have read and then answer 2b.
設計意圖:引導學生使用默讀的方法,關注主題句或者關鍵詞,大體了解或者忽略支撐句,從而快速瀏覽文章,初步了解文章的內容。
2. Scanning.
Paragraph 1
T:Robots can do the same things as humans.What can robots do in the movies?Please read paragraph 1 and answer the questions:
①What are robots like in movies?
②What can they do?
S1:They can help with the housework.They can do dirty and dangerous jobs.
T:Lets watch a video.What can this robot do?
S2:They can do housework and they are useful.I think my mom will like it.
T:Yes.Read paragraph 1 again and try to remember at least one sentence.
Paragraph 2
T:Read paragraph 2 and find out the things that robots can do today.
(Students read paragraph 2 and then answer the question.)
S1:Some robots work in the factories to build cars.They do simple jobs over and over again.
T:Pay attention to the word and the phrases:
already 已經(jīng) ? simple jobs 簡單的工作 ?over and over again 反復多次
T:If you do simple jobs over and over again,what is your feeling?
S1:I will feel bored.
T:Why do humans make robots to do simple jobs over and over again?
S:I think people dont like to do boring jobs.
T:Read paragraph 2 and try to remember at least one sentence.
設計意圖:讓學生帶著問題仔細閱讀文章細節(jié)。通過回答上述問題,學生能夠了解機器人的一些基本情況。在閱讀的基礎上處理短語,做到詞不離文。通過問題引發(fā)學生對機器人的思考,為接下來第三段、第四段的閱讀做好示范。
Paragraph 3
T:Lets look at another picture.What can this robot do?
S1:He can play chess with Ke Jie.
T:Who will be the winner?
S1:The robot will be the winner.
S2:Ke Jie will be the winner.
T:Now,scientists are making robots look like humans.What can some robots do in Japan?Will robots think like humans?Please read paragraph 3 and answer these questions.
S1:The robots can walk and dance in Japan.
S2:Scientists have different opinions.Some scientists agree that robots will think like humans.Some scientists agree that robots will not think like humans.
(講解:1.difficult adj.困難的 2.never adv.從不;絕不 ?3.even adv.甚至)
T:Which side do you agree with? Which side do you disagree with? For me, I disagree with Mr.White.I think it is possible that robots can think and talk like humans.
設計意圖:用蘋果手機軟件Siri (蘋果語音助手)進行對話,現(xiàn)在手機程序已經(jīng)可以和人類進行有思想的對話,以此來驗證機器人現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)擁有了思想并能夠和人類一樣進行對話和溝通。
T:I believe nothing is impossible.We will never know what will happen in the future. What are your opinions?
S:I agree with you.I think there will be more robots in the future to help humans.
S:I think so. I want to make the robots to help humans do different things.
T:Different people have different opinions.And I believe we will have more robots in the future. Please read paragraph 3 again and try to remember at least one sentence.
設計意圖:第三段是這篇閱讀文章的難點,教師設置相關問題,幫助學生理清思路。并讓學生對文中的兩種觀點進行討論,提高學生的英語口語表達能力。
Paragraph 4
T:When will we have more robots? Will we have more robots in 5 or 10 years? What will future robots look like? Please read paragraph 4 and then answer the questions.
S1:We will have more robots in the future.
S2:No, we wont.
S3:Some robots will look like humans,and some robots will look like animals,for example,they will look like snakes.
T:What can snake robots do?
S:They can help look for people under the buildings.
(Play a video about a snake robot which is working to make students have a better understanding.)
T:Do you think snake robots would be helpful in China?
S:I think that snake robots will help Chinese,because there are earthquakes in China.
T:Read paragraph 4 again and try to remember at least one sentence.
設計意圖:對于未來機器人的形狀和功能讓學生展開聯(lián)想,并結合第四段的閱讀展開思考。
3.Discussion.
T:What other animal robots will there be?What can … robots do?Four students work in a group,have a discussion and then show us your ideas.
設計說明:讓學生在蛇形機器人的基礎上展開想象,猜測未來還會有什么樣的動物機器人,它們還能夠幫助人類做什么,從而對文章有了更深層次的挖掘,也培養(yǎng)了學生的創(chuàng)新能力。
(1)2c.
T:Robots can do the same things as humans. Lets finish 2c together.
設計意圖:通過課后練習加深學生對文章的理解。
(2)2d.
T:Read the article again.Fill in the blanks about 2d.
(Use two ways to check studentsanswers:1.Check with partners.2.Check together.)
設計意圖:2d的文段是對閱讀語篇的縮寫,通過填詞幫助學生轉換文章信息,加深對文章的理解。這項練習難度較大,需要學生了解閱讀篇章內容,關注文章的語言。
Step Four ?Post-reading
T:Do you think youll have your own robot?What do you want your own robot to do for you?
S1:I want to have my own robots. I want them to play with me.
S2:I also want to have my own robots. They will help me to do housework.
T:I have a problem. I dont know how to drive,so I have to get up early to catch the early bus to go to work every day. I feel very tired.What robot do I want? Guess! Oh,I want a bird robot.What robot do you want? What does it look like?What can it do?Take out the paper, imagine and write down some sentences about your own robot on the paper.
(Students write down something about the robot they like on the paper.After writing,ask some students to read what they have written.)
T:Nothing is impossible,I hope youll get the robot you want.And learn more knowledge to make your own robot.
T:Do you think you should only make your own robot to do things for you?
S1:No.
T:Why?Can you show us your feelings?
S1:Robots are useful, if we have robots, they may help us to do many things.
T:Yes. I hope you should not only make your own robots, you should also make more robots to help others, just like snake robots.
S2:I agree with you.We should not only think about ourselves,but also our school,our country and even the whole world.
T:Yes.You should study hard to make your dreams come true.
設計意圖:把本節(jié)閱讀課學習的內容遷移到學生的實際生活中,讓學生設計自己喜歡的機器人,并用英語把自己的設計介紹給大家。以這樣的活動形式為載體,讓學生在閱讀課上練習寫作,再結合文本,使學生體會到“世上無難事,只怕有心人”,并引導學生努力學習,爭取實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。
Step Five ?Summary and homework .
T:What have we learned?
S1:I read an article about the robots in the future..
S2:I learned some reading skills.
T:Homework:.1.Use 60-80 words to rewrite this article.
2.What robot do you want?(Finish your writing after class.)
T:Class is over,goodbye class.
Ss:Goodbye,teacher.
設計意圖:縮寫文章需要再讀文章,再讀文章有利于學生更好地理解課文,復習課上所學過的東西,完成未完成的寫作內容,為下節(jié)課的寫作課做好鋪墊。
板書設計(略)
五、教學評析
本節(jié)課,孫老師能夠依據(jù)新課程標準的要求,在一節(jié)課中將聽、說、讀、寫等方面的技能培養(yǎng)有效結合,培養(yǎng)了學生的綜合語言運用能力。
本節(jié)課的亮點之一即教師忠于教材設計,忠于文章內容,反復多次閱讀,為的就是讓本節(jié)閱讀課成為一節(jié)真正的閱讀課,而不是花架子。在閱讀過程中,教師設置不同問題幫助學生閱讀文章,問題有難有易,符合學生的理解認知水平,也有不同梯度,讓學生在閱讀中既能輕而易舉地找到答案,又能創(chuàng)新性地進行發(fā)散性思維。例如,在第一段閱讀時教師設置的問題,What can the robot do in the movie? 這個問題的答案一目了然,They can help do the housework.但是隨后教師設置的問題就需要學生進行思考,What do you think of this human servant? 和Who do you think like them most? 學生的答案各不相同,但是這些都不影響教學的效果,真正培養(yǎng)了學生的綜合語言運用能力。這一部分通過讓學生細讀文章回答細節(jié)問題,來訓練學生尋讀獲取細節(jié)信息的閱讀技能;這是通過思維判斷文本閱讀中真正有效的信息。
本節(jié)課的亮點之二出現(xiàn)在教師講授第三段文章的時候。第三段是文章四段中比較難理解的一段,不僅生詞多,難句也相對較多。而且在第三段中出現(xiàn)了科學家的兩種截然不同的觀點—即隨著科技的高速發(fā)展,今后的機器人是否會擁有和人類一樣的思維?其實這個問題隨著社會的發(fā)展,人們的觀點也不盡相同,但是通過近幾年的發(fā)展看來,似乎這也是可能發(fā)生的事情,教師在提出這個問題之后,沒有著急讓學生回答,而是拿出了自己的手機,和手機軟件里面的機器人對話,其實,在我們現(xiàn)今的手機上,例如像Siri (蘋果語音助手) 這樣可以和人類輕松對話的機器人真的為我們的生活提供了更多的方便。所以,教師通過形象貼切的展示,一下拉近了與學生的距離,讓本就枯燥的討論煥發(fā)了生機,課堂氣氛瞬間達到了一個小高潮。
在讀后聯(lián)想寫作的環(huán)節(jié),是這節(jié)閱讀課后的一個整合和升華,能夠讓學生根據(jù)所學知識,展開聯(lián)想,運用生成小的篇章,為下節(jié)寫作課做鋪墊。教師在設計這一環(huán)節(jié)時還沒有真正做到大膽放手,還是給出了圖片等提示,如果只給學生一張白紙,沒有任何的標題和圖片,才能真正達到激發(fā)學生想象和創(chuàng)新能力的目的,從課堂的效果和對學生長遠的發(fā)展角度來講,長此以往,會達到意想不到的效果。
總的來講,孫老師的這節(jié)閱讀課,教學中充分發(fā)揮了教師的主導作用和學生的主體作用,課堂氣氛寬松平等,思想教育自然,是一堂設計到位、行之有效的閱讀教學課。