巖香甩 魏麗萍 田耀華
摘要:以珠芽黃魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch)2個量級球莖為供試材料,采用噴施不同濃度梯度生長素和赤霉素等體積混合溶液,以及光照、自然陰干、花芽分化后和分化前埋入基質(zhì)中的技術(shù)手段,探究人工誘導珠芽黃魔芋開花結(jié)子的方法。結(jié)果表明,2.0 kg及以上球莖的開花率均要高于1.0~1.5 kg的球莖,最高的開花率達93.33%;2.0 kg及以上球莖在光照處理條件下,生長調(diào)節(jié)劑濃度配比為1∶1 200,花芽分化后埋入基質(zhì)中的結(jié)子率最高,達81.11%;2.0 kg及以上球莖在自然陰干處理條件下,生長調(diào)節(jié)劑濃度配比為1∶800,花芽分化后埋入基質(zhì)中的種子數(shù)量最多,達4 442粒,繁殖倍數(shù)將近300倍。2.0 kg及以上的球莖,生長調(diào)節(jié)劑濃度配比為1∶400~1∶1 200,花芽分化后埋入基質(zhì)中的方法可在生產(chǎn)實踐中推廣應用。
關(guān)鍵詞:珠芽黃魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch);開花結(jié)子;人工誘導
中圖分類號:S632? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2019)14-0087-05
Abstract: Two orders of magnitude corms of bulbil-yellow konjac(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch) were used as test materials. The method of artificial induction blooming and seeding of bulbil-yellow konjac were studied through technical means that spraying mixed solution of gradient auxin and gibberellin at different coentrations, light treatment, drying in natural shade, embedding medium after and before flower bud differentiation. The results showed that the 2.0 kilogram and above corm of abloom rate is higher than 1.0~1.5 kilogram corm, the highest abloom rate reach 93.33%. The 2.0 kilogram and above corm of seed setting rate reach 81.11%, that is the highest with condition of light treatment, hormone ratio is 1∶1 200, and embedding medium after flower bud differentiation. The 2.0 kilogram and above corm of seed amount is the most, there are? ? 4 442 seeds, and the breeding multiple is nearly 300 times, that is in condition of drying in natural shade, hormone ratio is 1∶800, and embedding medium after flower bud differentiation. In conclusion, the method of the 2.0 kilogram and above corm, hormone ratio is 1∶400~1∶1 200, and embedding medium after flower bud differentiation, is worth popularizing and applying in production practice.
Key words: bulbil-yellow konjac(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch); blooming and seeding; artificial induction
魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch)是天南星科(Araceae)魔芋屬(Amorphophallus)多年生宿根草本植物,主要分布在亞洲和非洲的熱帶及亞熱帶地區(qū),據(jù)記載全世界約有170種,中國有21種,其中至少13種為中國特有種[1-5]。魔芋是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)能大量合成葡甘聚糖的植物類群,葡甘聚糖具有水溶、增稠、懸浮、凝膠、成膜等特性,廣泛應用于工業(yè)、醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域[6]。目前,國內(nèi)廣泛種植的魔芋為花魔芋和白魔芋,但這2個傳統(tǒng)栽培品種不僅產(chǎn)量低、繁殖倍數(shù)低,而且極易感染軟腐病和白絹病,造成減產(chǎn),甚至絕產(chǎn),嚴重制約著產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展[6-9]。為突破魔芋產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的困境,通過科研人員的不懈努力,在東南亞等周邊國家熱帶森林中發(fā)現(xiàn)并引種馴化栽培了珠芽黃魔芋[8],珠芽黃魔芋是葉面上長有氣生小球莖,且肉質(zhì)呈黃色的魔芋種類的統(tǒng)稱[10]。
珠芽黃魔芋屬于三倍體,即2n=39的魔芋類別,與傳統(tǒng)的魔芋截然不同[11],該類魔芋主要分布在東南亞的熱帶森林中,適宜高溫高濕環(huán)境,與傳統(tǒng)魔芋相比除了具有高抗病性、高膨大倍數(shù)等優(yōu)點外,魔芋的主要利用成分——葡甘聚糖含量也遠高于傳統(tǒng)魔芋,最高的可達80%[6]。因此,珠芽黃魔芋具有很高的開發(fā)利用價值。其原生分布生境為熱帶北緣,常年高溫多雨的西雙版納[12-15]是適宜的種植區(qū)域之一,而且西雙版納擁有近40萬hm2的橡膠林[16],如能充分利用橡膠林的林下空間資源,足以支撐起魔芋產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。其實,珠芽黃魔芋在西雙版納的種植已有多年,政府和企業(yè)都大力開展推廣種植宣傳,但推廣效果不是很理想,原因主要是種芋的缺乏,導致了種芋價格居高不下。本研究在西雙版納開展人工誘導開花結(jié)子試驗,不僅對了解其開花結(jié)子特性,揭示開花結(jié)子機理等具有重要意義,而且能夠在種植區(qū)域內(nèi)實現(xiàn)快速、大量的繁殖種芋,對本區(qū)魔芋產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展具有推動作用。