馬海英
高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作在高考中占25分,這個(gè)分值比重是相當(dāng)大的,可惜的是據(jù)我的觀察,包括本人親歷,不夠重視高中英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的人不在少數(shù),原因五花八門(mén):主觀方面,英語(yǔ)作文對(duì)于老師來(lái)說(shuō),批閱起來(lái)相當(dāng)麻煩,因?yàn)橹袊?guó)學(xué)生普遍英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)薄弱,寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)的各種錯(cuò)誤可以用琳瑯滿目,五花八門(mén),眼花繚亂....等諸如此類(lèi)這些詞修飾一點(diǎn)都不為過(guò),批英語(yǔ)作文簡(jiǎn)直就是對(duì)英語(yǔ)老師們耐心的極大考驗(yàn),耗時(shí)耗力見(jiàn)效卻慢,所以英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作一般最好是先講,講好了再讓學(xué)生寫(xiě),可事實(shí)是高中英語(yǔ)幾乎每節(jié)課都可以用爭(zhēng)分奪秒來(lái)形容,又是閱讀,又是語(yǔ)言點(diǎn),又是語(yǔ)法,還有習(xí)題作業(yè)的講解等等,光一篇文章有時(shí)需要花一個(gè)課時(shí)去講解,所以只好把英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作先擱置一邊了……諸如此類(lèi)種種原因,英語(yǔ)作文總是在高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中被輕看,被忽視,殊不知,抓好了寫(xiě)作,其實(shí)對(duì)于不論老師,還是學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),都是提分的一個(gè)很好的切入點(diǎn)。而且,我們可以預(yù)測(cè)2019年山東高考英語(yǔ)以書(shū)信為主的應(yīng)用文的可能性依然很大,所以我們不妨用三段式來(lái)作為英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作的套路。為什么這么說(shuō)呢?
依我之見(jiàn),英語(yǔ)作文沒(méi)有大家想象的那么難,三段式+套話,輕松寫(xiě)出英語(yǔ)好作文。對(duì)于山東省高考英語(yǔ)命題趨勢(shì)來(lái)說(shuō),本人認(rèn)為書(shū)信越來(lái)越成為一種高頻率的考查形式。應(yīng)用文考察重點(diǎn)在于書(shū)信,因?yàn)闀?shū)信在我們生活實(shí)際中應(yīng)用更加廣泛, 更貼近生活,更實(shí)用,所以最近幾年高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作70%以上的可能性仍然是應(yīng)用文即信件的方式考察,“建議信”,“投訴信”,“求職信”“咨詢信”、“告知信”、“邀請(qǐng)信”,感謝信,我們并應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握“建議”、“請(qǐng)求”、“感謝”、“道歉”、“祝賀”、“投訴”、“申請(qǐng)”等功能性語(yǔ)句。提綱作文考察的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)在于“介紹現(xiàn)象”、“解釋原因”、“提出建議”、“總結(jié)展望”等功能性段落。再加上三段式的結(jié)構(gòu),100左右的單詞量, 輕松寫(xiě)出一篇高質(zhì)量的英語(yǔ)作文不再是可遇而不可求。
下面我們來(lái)看看三段式怎么寫(xiě),三段(地址和日期,簽名這兩部分一般省略,所以暫時(shí)不包括在書(shū)信以內(nèi),書(shū)信主體就是三部分,所以我們把他們分三段寫(xiě),那這三段分別寫(xiě)什么?
第一段,開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,寫(xiě)出你寫(xiě)這封信的目的,是尋求幫助,是抱怨,提出建議,還是求職,還是感謝...? 比如,我們看下面一篇作文題目:
假定你是李華,將于今年七月從新星外語(yǔ)學(xué)校畢業(yè)。你從報(bào)紙上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘書(shū),你很感興趣。請(qǐng)給該公司寫(xiě)一封求職信,包括下列要點(diǎn):①年齡;②學(xué)習(xí)情況和英文水平;③興趣特長(zhǎng);④性格特點(diǎn)。注意:①詞數(shù)100左右。②可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;我們看看這篇作文的范文(開(kāi)頭部分):Dear Sir or Madam,I’m Li Hua, a student from Xinxing Foreign Language School. your company needs an English secretary.
范文中一開(kāi)始就是自我介紹,這是寫(xiě)信件必不可少的,先不說(shuō)一下自己是誰(shuí),誰(shuí)知道你是誰(shuí)?然后就開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)出寫(xiě)信的目的是想申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。申請(qǐng)信如此,建議信,投訴信,通知,便條,請(qǐng)假條,電子郵件,求助信,邀請(qǐng)信,都是如此。我們可以寫(xiě)I am writing to give you some suggestions on../complain.../inform you that..../telll you that.../ask for suggestions on...
第二段,本段即書(shū)信的主體部分(main body), 是寫(xiě)信人要談?wù)摶蚪鉀Q的主要內(nèi)容。一般來(lái)說(shuō), 一封好的英文書(shū)信應(yīng)符合正確,簡(jiǎn)潔,禮貌,字跡清晰等基本要求。這主要表現(xiàn)在文章主題部分上,此部分層次分明尤顯重要,要適當(dāng)使用表示過(guò)渡的連接詞或短語(yǔ),使行文通順,流暢,銜接自然,另外要把題目中要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)清楚,不要漏寫(xiě),也不要主觀亂加,應(yīng)該主次分明,詳略得當(dāng)。下面是一片投訴信的正文部分,即投訴的內(nèi)容:I ordered(訂購(gòu))a set of(一套) Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday.And much to my disappointment,the?books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn.To make?matters worse,it is not a complete set,as I found one book missing.?I am sorry to have received such poor service,and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money or?deliver a new set of books to me.Besides,I’d like to be informed of the?process of your dealing with my complaint.
以下是一封感謝信的正文部分:First and foremost, it is clear that you, just like "our foreign mother", were very patient to us.Additionally, needless to say, you taught me a lot,not only English knowledge but also your life wisdom;consequently,all of us have fallen in love with English and study.Last but certainly not least, there is no doubt that we had a great time together,which we will keep in mind forever.
By the way,I can't wait to tell you something new about my class.After you left for the America,we had an English competition.We all did very well,using the knowledge you told us. No one can deny you helped us so much!
下面是一封邀請(qǐng)信的第二段(主體部分)
I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.?It will start at 2:00 pm and last for about three hours. Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic "Man and Nature". It’s my honor if you can accept our invitation.Please call me at 123456 if you have any question.
祝賀信的主體:You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news.As your best friend,I am proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
第三段即結(jié)束語(yǔ), 通常位于正文之后,通常置于正文最后一行的下邊,結(jié)束語(yǔ)是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)收信人的謙稱和致敬。結(jié)束語(yǔ)常用的有 I am looking forward to your early reply.Please give my regards to.....,With best wishes 等等。
由以上的講解和實(shí)例我們不難看出,寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)作文其實(shí)不像大家想象的那么難,不管是什么類(lèi)型的作文,它都是有套路可尋的;至于英文書(shū)信,那更是有很多套用的高版本詞匯,短語(yǔ),句子和模版,只要同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中多留心,注意積累,再加上臨考前的臨陣磨槍,相信英語(yǔ)作文一定會(huì)成為大家的高考提分點(diǎn)!