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電影中的明日世界

2019-08-27 03:59:25
閱讀與作文(英語初中版) 2019年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:銀翼科幻電影星際

A woman lies on what looks like a tanning[把皮膚曬黑] bed for a quick health examination. Traces of cancer are found—and removed immediately.

This is one of the futuristic[未來派的] scenes we see in the science-fiction film Elysium. Have you ever considered that the fiction seen on the screen might become fact 10 or 20 years from now?

Before you reject[拒絕] this idea, just consider how science-fiction films from the recent past have predicted[預(yù)測] how we live and work today.

Google Glass, the driverless car and robots all had roots in films such as Blade Runner (1982), Back to the Future (1989) and Total Recall (1990). Engineers and designers at Google, Apple and elsewhere will tell you that these films did feed their imaginations[想象力].

“You see so many dreamers today because there are so many ideas floating on social media.” says Justin Maguire, lead designer for Frog Design. “Theres almost nothing we cant build today.”

The way tech companies now develop products has been inspired[賦予靈感], in part, by sci-fi films of the past. Who knows? Films like Elysium, Enders Game, and Interstellar might offer a look into the next few decades, according to experts in tech and sci-fi.

“I grew up obsessed[迷住] with Star Trek, so naturally when I bought my first smartphone I immediately set the background to look like a tricorder注1,” says Matt Carver, 30, senior technologist[技術(shù)專家] at Big Spaceship, a creativedesign agency[機構(gòu)] in Brooklyn, N.Y.

Sci-fi movies from the previous[早先的] four decades offer a glimpse[一瞥] of the future worlds of robots, health care, travel and warfare[戰(zhàn)爭]. For instance, experts now predict that within ten years, general-purpose[多用途的] robots will perform household chores[家務(wù)雜事] while consumers[消費者] are at work; or serve as butlers[男管家] at cocktail parties.

The Future? Look Around

At a faster pace than ever, the world as we know it has been completely changed by technology. Just look inside a consumerelectronics[消費性電子產(chǎn)品] store, on the road, inside a hospital—or up in the sky, for that matter[就此而言].

Flying cars are the way to get around Los Angeles in Blade Runner. In the real world today, Terrafugias flying car is expected to hit the market in 2027.

Closer to Earth, self-driving cars took to the roads in Total Recall. Now, theyre allowed to be tested in several US states as driverless Google cars. The genesis[起源] of Google Glass has taken form in movies ranging from[從……到……] Ghostbusters(1984) and Terminator (1984) to RoboCop (1987) and They Live (1988).

Gaining Inspiration

Though predicting the future is often seen as pointless and impossible, sci-fi experts say its really not that difficult. And often, you need look no further than the “based upon a story” movie credit注2.

“The best predictive movies are based on wellthought-out books or short fiction by some of the best minds of science fiction,” says sci-fi writer Frank Catalano, pointing to Philip K. Dick注3, whose stories inspired Blade Runner, Minority Report, Total Recall and The Adjustment Bureau.

The best movie in predicting the future? Based on science-fiction experts, and a poll[投票] conducted[組織并實施] in Popular Mechanics, its Gattaca (1997), which explored the scientific and moral[道德上的] tug-of-war when it comes to genetic profiling[遺傳識別].

“Some things are dead-on[完全正確的],” says Lynda Weinman, who worked on special effects for Return of the Jedi (1983) and Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home(1986), among other movies. “Look at a tricorder in Star Trek; it reminds me of an iPad. Then, theres the video phone in so many movies, which we have with smartphones.”

As a visual-effects[視覺特效] supervisor[主管人] on the first Star Wars trilogy[三部曲] and Jurassic Park, Phil Tippett jokingly admits, “Im not much of a futurist[未來主義者].”

“Its a big turn from doing visual effects to anticipating[預(yù)見] what will happen,” says Tippett, a two-time Academy Award winner. “It often comes down to (the imagination of) the writer, director and stage designers.”

一個女人躺在一臺形似日光浴床的儀器上接受快速體檢,發(fā)現(xiàn)有癌癥跡象,病灶隨即被祛除。

這是我們在科幻電影《極樂空間》里看到的未來場景之一。然而,你是否想過,我們現(xiàn)在在屏幕上看到的虛構(gòu)情節(jié),可能會在10年或20年后成為現(xiàn)實?

在拒絕這種設(shè)想之前,不妨先想一下不久之前的科幻電影對我們今天的生活和工作方式做出了怎樣的預(yù)測吧。

在《銀翼殺手》(1982年)、《回到未來》(1989年)和《全面回憶》(1990年)等電影中,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)谷歌眼鏡、無人駕駛汽車和機器人的源頭。谷歌、蘋果和其他企業(yè)的工程師和設(shè)計師們會告訴你,這些電影的確滋養(yǎng)了他們的想象力。

“青蛙設(shè)計”首席設(shè)計師賈斯汀·馬奎爾說:“今天你能看到無數(shù)的夢想家,因為社交媒體上到處都是點子。幾乎沒有什么是我們現(xiàn)在建造不了的?!?/p>

如今的高科技公司開發(fā)產(chǎn)品,有一部分靈感來自于過去的科幻電影。誰說得準(zhǔn)呢?根據(jù)科技和科幻領(lǐng)域?qū)<业目捶?,《極樂世界》、《安德的游戲》和《星際穿越》等電影,可能讓我們提前窺見幾十年后的未來。

紐約布魯克林創(chuàng)意設(shè)計機構(gòu)“大飛船”的資深技術(shù)專家,現(xiàn)年30歲的馬特·卡佛說:“我從小就迷戀《星際迷航》,所以在買了第一臺智能手機后,我立刻設(shè)置了背景圖片,讓它看起來就像一部三錄儀?!?/p>

過去四十年來的科幻電影讓人們得以瞥見未來世界中的機器人、醫(yī)療、出行和戰(zhàn)爭場景。舉個例子,現(xiàn)在就有專家做出預(yù)測:在未來十年內(nèi),通用機器人將在消費者辦公期間承擔(dān)家務(wù)活,或者在雞尾酒會上承擔(dān)管家工作。

未來?——就在身邊

科技已經(jīng)以超越歷史上任何時期的速度,完全改變了我們所熟知的這個世界。只要看看消費電子店、街上、醫(yī)院——或者抬頭看看天空,立刻就能明白這一點。

在《銀翼殺手》中,會飛的汽車是穿梭洛杉磯的交通工具。而在今天的現(xiàn)實世界中,美國特拉弗吉亞公司的飛行汽車預(yù)計在2027年投放市場。

再來看看離地面更近的科技。在電影《全面回憶》中,奔馳在路上的是自動駕駛汽車。今天,美國已經(jīng)允許在其中幾個州測試谷歌無人駕駛汽車。在《捉鬼敢死隊》(1984年)、《終結(jié)者》(1984年)、《機械戰(zhàn)警》(1987年)和《極度空間》(1988年)等電影中,我們已經(jīng)能看到谷歌眼鏡的雛形。

靈感之源

雖然預(yù)測未來往往被視為毫無意義、不可能實現(xiàn)的事,但科幻專家說,這事其實并沒有那么難。你往往只需要看看“根據(jù)某故事改編”的電影謝幕名單就夠了。

“最好的預(yù)測未來的電影都是基于一些最優(yōu)秀的科幻作家經(jīng)過深刻構(gòu)思的書或者短篇小說改編而成。”科幻作家弗蘭克·卡塔拉諾說,并特別指出菲利普·K.迪克——他的故事是電影《銀翼殺手》、《少數(shù)派報告》、《全面回憶》和《命運規(guī)劃局》的靈感來源。

那么,預(yù)測未來的最佳電影是哪一部呢?根據(jù)科幻小說專家的意見以及(美國)《大眾機械》雜志所進行的一項調(diào)查顯示,這一桂冠落在電影《千鈞一發(fā)》(1997年)上。該片探討了涉及基因圖譜的科學(xué)與倫理的拉鋸戰(zhàn)。

曾參與《星球大戰(zhàn):絕地大反擊》(1983年)、《星際迷航4:搶救未來》(1986年)等電影特效制作的琳達·溫曼說:“科幻電影對有些東西的預(yù)見可謂準(zhǔn)確無誤。看看《星際迷航》里的三錄儀,它讓我想到了iPad。此外,很多電影里都出現(xiàn)過可視電話,我們今天的智能手機就有這種功能?!?/p>

曾任最早的《星球大戰(zhàn)》三部曲及《侏羅紀公園》視覺特效總監(jiān)的菲爾·蒂皮特開玩笑地承認道:“我其實不算是未來主義者?!?/p>

“從做視覺效果到預(yù)測未來,是截然不同的兩碼事。”這位兩屆奧斯卡獎得主說?!白罱K往往還是取決于作家、導(dǎo)演和舞臺設(shè)計師(的想象力)?!?/p>

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