馬慶祿 鄒政
摘 要:傳統(tǒng)的公路隧道管理系統(tǒng)存在管理獨立分散、隧道各部位監(jiān)測不夠靈活、病害細(xì)節(jié)可視化程度較低等問題。針對以上問題,提出了一種面向交通安全的隧道群區(qū)域性聯(lián)測聯(lián)控理念。首先通過云數(shù)據(jù)庫將眾多隧道零散的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)整合到一起,實現(xiàn)隧道集群管理;其次設(shè)計了一種“分/合”式的分段方法以對隧道任意位置的病害進(jìn)行監(jiān)測;然后依托地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)地圖并聯(lián)合Java服務(wù)器頁面(JSP)、CANVAS技術(shù)建立服務(wù)于路網(wǎng)交通安全的隧道群病害可視化監(jiān)測平臺;最后實時分析處理監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)并對隧道安全狀況進(jìn)行分級預(yù)警,由此對路網(wǎng)交通安全作出評判。實驗基于某一區(qū)域內(nèi)的隧道病害數(shù)據(jù)集,結(jié)果表明所提系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了隧道集群管理、病害細(xì)節(jié)可視化和隧道安全分級等功能,同時,系統(tǒng)對路網(wǎng)交通安全也具備一定的預(yù)警能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:公路隧道;病害監(jiān)測;隧道安全;交通安全;云監(jiān)測;CANVAS技術(shù);分段監(jiān)測
中圖分類號:TP277; U459.2
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
Abstract: Some defects exist in traditional management systems of highway tunnels, such as decentralized and independent management, lack of flexibility in eachpart monitoring and low degree of visualization of disease details. Aiming at these problems above, a regional joint control and measurement concept of tunnel groups for traffic safety was proposed. Firstly, the scattered monitoring data of tunnels were integrated into a cloud database to realize the management of tunnel group. Secondly, a “division/combination” segmental monitoring method was designed to monitor the diseases at any position of tunnels. Thirdly, on the basis of GIS (Geographic Information System) map, JSP (Java Server Pages) technology and CANVAS technology, a visualized monitoring platform of disease monitoring of tunnel group for traffic safety of road network was established. Finally, the monitoring data were analyzed and processed realtimely and classified prewarning of tunnel safety status was realized, so that traffic safety of road network could be judged. Experiments were carried out on the data set of tunnel diseases in a certain area. The results show that the proposed system realizes the functions such as tunnel group management, disease details visualization and tunnel safety classification; meanwhile, the system also has certain prewarning ability for traffic safety of road network.
英文關(guān)鍵詞Key words: highway tunnel; disease monitoring; tunnel safety; traffic safety; cloud monitoring; CANVAS technology; segmental monitoring
0 引言
隧道作為公路交通的重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,其安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)是保障公路通行安全、提高公路服務(wù)質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的關(guān)鍵[1]。在當(dāng)前公路隧道運營管理中,有的地方仍然以人員巡查結(jié)合視頻監(jiān)控技術(shù)為主,存在信息化程度不高、管理技術(shù)相對落后等問題[2]。
對于公路隧道信息化監(jiān)測管理方面的研究,Alvear等[3]設(shè)計了公路隧道的應(yīng)急管理決策支持系統(tǒng),為管理者提供了實時處理緊急事件的決策建議; Koch等[4]建立了一種隧道信息模型框架,支持隧道工程的模擬和可視化; Makarov[5]建立了一個獨立的隧道運輸系統(tǒng)并增加了地下停車場,以便能通過增強(qiáng)城市生態(tài)和生活力的方式解決運輸問題;黃廷等[6]將建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)技術(shù)引入公路隧道的運維管理,并結(jié)合Autodesk平臺進(jìn)行二次開發(fā),實現(xiàn)了公路隧道運維管理的可視化;王繼驥[7]通過車輛全球定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System, GPS)幫助監(jiān)控員及時通過視頻發(fā)現(xiàn)滯留車輛,快速救助疏導(dǎo),提高隧道行車安全;蒲雯等[8]認(rèn)為隧道交通安全系統(tǒng)分析與決策過程呈現(xiàn)出明顯的大數(shù)據(jù)特征;蒲浩等[9]基于Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 環(huán)境開發(fā)了隧道監(jiān)控的三維實時交互可視化信息平臺;鄧周全等[10]建立了一種面向車輛駕駛員和隧道管理單位的交通流信息管理與提示系統(tǒng),提醒駕駛員及時規(guī)避危險,以縮短駕駛員的反應(yīng)時間,降低交通事故發(fā)生概率;此外,還有一些學(xué)者[11-12]基于其他編程語言(如Delphi、Java等)并結(jié)合Excel(或者數(shù)據(jù)庫)工具開發(fā)了隧道監(jiān)測管理系統(tǒng);姜晨光等[13]借助物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)實現(xiàn)了對隧道的遠(yuǎn)程、實時、動態(tài)管理與控制。
綜上所述,公路隧道監(jiān)測管理信息化的建設(shè)正在不斷發(fā)展,也取得了一些應(yīng)用成果, 但總體來說,公路隧道管理和建設(shè)還是比較零散,即大多公路隧道監(jiān)測管理系統(tǒng)仍是“按需、逐個、獨立”進(jìn)行設(shè)計開發(fā)的,這也導(dǎo)致了隧道監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)不能較好地在各個隧道管理部門交換共享。為了從整體上實現(xiàn)隧道群的區(qū)域性控制,本文提出了面向隧道群的區(qū)域性隧道聯(lián)測聯(lián)控理念并結(jié)合云計算的部署方法,基于Java服務(wù)器頁面(Java Server Pages, JSP)技術(shù)和CANVAS技術(shù)搭建隧道結(jié)構(gòu)監(jiān)測評估信息化平臺的策略,實現(xiàn)對多種養(yǎng)護(hù)資源信息的便捷獲取和全面共享,提高隧道養(yǎng)護(hù)的服務(wù)水平和質(zhì)量,同時也對路網(wǎng)交通安全作出預(yù)警。
5 結(jié)語
傳統(tǒng)的隧道結(jié)構(gòu)病害診斷方法無法妥善地將系統(tǒng)的模糊性和隨機(jī)性關(guān)聯(lián)在一起,基于此,研究針對公路隧道結(jié)構(gòu)病害檢測數(shù)據(jù)的集群性病害模糊化特點,提出了基于云理論的公路隧道群結(jié)構(gòu)綜合監(jiān)測平臺,具體研究成果包括:
1) 探索性地提出了基于云監(jiān)控的隧道集群聯(lián)控監(jiān)測理念,將以往獨立、零散的隧道管理模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱怂淼兰汗芾砟J?,使隧道的管理模式更加方便、高效。在隧道病害大?shù)據(jù)分析技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,對路網(wǎng)中關(guān)聯(lián)隧道的交通安全進(jìn)行評估,由此指導(dǎo)駕駛員作出最優(yōu)路徑的選擇。
2)設(shè)計了一種用于隧道分段的“分/合”分段方法,可以對隧道任意部位的病害進(jìn)行監(jiān)測定位。利用JSP和CANVAS技術(shù)建立了3D隧道和2D斷面模型,解決了傳統(tǒng)隧道信息化管理中存在的病害細(xì)節(jié)可視化程度不高的問題。
3)將隧道視頻檢測器接入GIS地圖,基于GIS地圖的二次開發(fā)實現(xiàn)了對隧道結(jié)構(gòu)健康狀態(tài)以及行車狀況的動態(tài)監(jiān)測。
雖然系統(tǒng)針對隧道結(jié)構(gòu)病害狀況進(jìn)行了全面的監(jiān)測和評估,但對隧道機(jī)電設(shè)施等部分的監(jiān)控尚沒有涉及,所以,該系統(tǒng)仍然有較大的擴(kuò)展空間,即在接下來的研究工作中還可以根據(jù)需要在該系統(tǒng)之上繼續(xù)完善機(jī)電設(shè)施和其他工程設(shè)施監(jiān)測評估等功能的研究。
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