朱文一

2018年是波蘭國(guó)家獨(dú)立100周年紀(jì)念。華沙維斯圖拉大學(xué)亞洲文化研究中心為此策劃了以建筑設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)為主導(dǎo)的紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院受邀參加波蘭華沙文化科學(xué)宮建筑改造設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)。波蘭華沙文化科學(xué)宮建于1955年，是華沙著名的城市地標(biāo)之一。隨著時(shí)間的流逝，這幢237米高的巨構(gòu)建筑已經(jīng)不適應(yīng)當(dāng)代生活的需求（圖1，圖2）。如何通過設(shè)計(jì)使這幢建筑與21世紀(jì)的城市生活相匹配，成為設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)的挑戰(zhàn)。

結(jié)合清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院研究生一年級(jí)和本科五年級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)課程，朱文一教授組織了由4個(gè)組共計(jì)11名學(xué)生組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)。從2018年9月至12月，4組學(xué)生很好地完成了設(shè)計(jì)課程作業(yè)。清華大學(xué)和維斯圖拉大學(xué)分別成功舉辦了學(xué)生作業(yè)展，并于12月17日通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了展覽開幕式和學(xué)生作業(yè)交流。在此，感謝維斯圖拉大學(xué)Piotr Wiench教授為本次教學(xué)展覽活動(dòng)所做的諸多努力；感謝清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院劉健副院長(zhǎng)牽線搭橋。以下是指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)4組作業(yè)的評(píng)語(yǔ)：

作業(yè)“PKIN LINE”（圖3）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一是將地段周邊占主體的街區(qū)肌理引入，與科學(xué)文化宮裙樓結(jié)合，創(chuàng)造更加宜人尺度的城市中心區(qū)街區(qū)空間；二是策劃以足球活動(dòng)為主體的功能，結(jié)合室內(nèi)外空間，探索在城市中心區(qū)創(chuàng)造健康空間的可能性。不足：科學(xué)文化宮建筑本身的改造缺少深度；此外，主足球場(chǎng)的朝向不夠理想。

作業(yè)“PK^N”（圖4）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一是提出“復(fù)制”理念將科學(xué)文化宮及其西面的現(xiàn)代大尺度建筑拓展至整個(gè)地段，形成高密度的超高層建筑群，并以此創(chuàng)造波蘭城市中心新形象；二是探索超高層大尺度建筑與城市公共活動(dòng)之間的新型匹配關(guān)系。不足：“復(fù)制”超高層大樓導(dǎo)致城市中心區(qū)密度過高；此外，將科學(xué)文化宮上半部移至地面的改造方式略顯簡(jiǎn)單。

圖1 / Figure 1地段位于波蘭華沙城市中心區(qū) / Site locates at the city center, Warsaw, Poland Source: Google Earth

圖 2 / Figure 2波蘭文化科學(xué)宮 / Palace of Culture and Science Source: Google Street

作業(yè)“PKIN IN 1918”（圖5）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一是以波蘭百年獨(dú)立前的華沙城市中心區(qū)小尺度街區(qū)肌理為藍(lán)本，創(chuàng)造華沙中心區(qū)小尺度街區(qū)形態(tài)；二是以單元體建筑為模式，既再現(xiàn)歷史建筑界面的尺度，又包容當(dāng)代城市生活方式。不足：過于強(qiáng)調(diào)東西方向走勢(shì)，與地段南面和北面街區(qū)的銜接不夠；此外，對(duì)科學(xué)文化宮建筑的改造設(shè)計(jì)不夠明確。

作業(yè)“PKIN”（圖6）優(yōu)點(diǎn)：一是將科學(xué)文化宮改造設(shè)計(jì)與其周邊空間的設(shè)計(jì)統(tǒng)一考慮，既保持城市地標(biāo)形態(tài)延續(xù)性又創(chuàng)造未來華沙城市新中心形態(tài)；二是在科學(xué)文化宮建筑上部加建輕結(jié)構(gòu)方式的改造既大膽又巧妙，所謂“改頭換面”。不足：去掉現(xiàn)有文化功能，僅突出科學(xué)的設(shè)定過于簡(jiǎn)單和片面；廣場(chǎng)部分的空間尺度過大，沒有解決目前存在的問題。

總體上，4組學(xué)生作業(yè)展示出不同的設(shè)計(jì)思路、迥異的設(shè)計(jì)策略以及豐富的設(shè)計(jì)成果，是優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)；同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生開闊的眼界、豐富的想象力和探索設(shè)計(jì)的精神。

TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The year of 2018 is the 100th anniversary of the independence of Republic of Poland. The Asia Research Center of Vistula University in Warsaw planned a commemorative event through an architectural design studio. The School of Architecture of Tsinghua University was invited to participate in the teaching studio titled as Re-Imagining the Palace of Culture and Science (PKIN), Warsaw, Poland. PKIN with its 237-meter-high was built in 1955 and is a famous city landmark (Figure 1, 2). Today PKIN is no longer adapted to the needs of contemporary life. The challenge is how to match PKIN to the 21st century urban life through design.

As the supervisor of the design studios for M.Arch and B.Arch, Professor Zhu Wenyi organized a team of 11 students from four groups. From September to December 2018, four groups of students completed the design studio. Tsinghua University and Vistula University successfully held student work exhibitions respectively, and on December 17th, the opening ceremony of the exhibition and student work presentations were conducted through the Internet.Here, I would like to thank Professor Piotr Wiench of the University of Vistula for the many efforts made for this studio and exhibition; I would like to thank Vice Dean Liu Jian of the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University for the matchmaking.

Here are the student works of four groups (Figure 3,4, 5, 6). In general, the student works show different design ideas and different design strategies, which are excellent design works. Students also present their broad vision, rich imagination, diverse skills and strong motivation from their works.

圖5 / Figure 5PKIN IN 1918. 楊藝瑤，曹昌浩，李馨綸PKIN IN 1918 by YANG Yiyao, CAO Changhao, LI Xinlun

圖6 / Figure 6PKI N. 方文靜，姜明，嚴(yán)東瀚PKI N by FANG Wenjing, JIANG Ming, YAN Donghan