建筑設(shè)計(jì)：克里斯托弗·李/系列 + 多樣建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: Christopher Lee/Serie + Multiply Architects

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

作為新加坡房屋發(fā)展局（HDB）委托建造的首批新一代社區(qū)中心之一，綠洲露臺(tái)服務(wù)于居住在榜鵝的公共住宅居民，在一棟建筑內(nèi)匯聚了購(gòu)物中心、綜合診所和社區(qū)設(shè)施的功能。對(duì)于我們而言，該項(xiàng)目的首要挑戰(zhàn)在于如何通過(guò)一座建筑將這些各不相同的功能整合為一個(gè)清晰的整體，給人們帶來(lái)既熟悉又新奇的體驗(yàn)。

1970年代和1980年代早期的HDB的住宅小區(qū)建筑頗具啟發(fā)性：公共走廊的開放框架通向獨(dú)立的公寓，形成一種給人留下深刻印象的、文明的住宅小區(qū)和房地產(chǎn)模式。首層的架空平臺(tái)由鰭狀墻連接和劃分，類似于公共門廊和柱廊，能夠承載各種公共活動(dòng)——婚禮、葬禮、麻將游戲，甚至是五人制足球賽。它們強(qiáng)烈地呼應(yīng)著阿爾多·羅西在米蘭設(shè)計(jì)的加拉泰住宅。

我們將這種開放框架的文法轉(zhuǎn)化為建筑的架構(gòu)，一個(gè)社會(huì)生活的容器。這一點(diǎn)通過(guò)環(huán)繞著整個(gè)由雙柱構(gòu)成框架的建筑立面的開敞的游廊進(jìn)行表達(dá)。這些空間為面向海濱的餐飲功能提供了關(guān)鍵的溢出區(qū)域，同時(shí)也為綜合診所提供了休憩空間。同樣的雙柱還構(gòu)成了高16m、有頂蓋的社交廣場(chǎng)，這一區(qū)域被特意安排在兩條水路的交匯處。這個(gè)廣場(chǎng)容納和展示社區(qū)活動(dòng)，公正地表現(xiàn)和履行其職能。

第三個(gè)元素，景觀，在這個(gè)社區(qū)中心中被用來(lái)激發(fā)加強(qiáng)公共紐帶的活動(dòng)。面向水域的一側(cè)，一系列的梯臺(tái)花園從屋頂層疊而下，延伸至濱水區(qū)域，面向場(chǎng)地的標(biāo)志性要素形成一個(gè)景觀的圓形劇場(chǎng)。各處都可通達(dá)的露臺(tái)還為項(xiàng)目另一側(cè)的購(gòu)物中心和綜合診所提供了開放空間、花園、游憩和鍛煉的場(chǎng)所。因?yàn)槁杜_(tái)與建筑框架緊密交織在一起，它們也使得建筑張開的“兩條手臂”被“縫合”起來(lái)。從露臺(tái)頂部看去，水路就像是被建筑的兩臂以及16m寬的社交廣場(chǎng)框在其中。

重中之重在于，綠洲露臺(tái)展現(xiàn)了激活、轉(zhuǎn)化舊有建筑文法的可能性。對(duì)過(guò)去受到功能和年代限制的建筑進(jìn)行抽象和再利用，使其適應(yīng)我們的當(dāng)代生活，即能創(chuàng)造出一種全新卻令所有人不可思議地感到熟悉的建筑。一座令人熟悉的建筑，作為一種設(shè)計(jì)模式，往往能夠鈍化和調(diào)節(jié)當(dāng)今社會(huì)快速的變化和城市化。它還實(shí)現(xiàn)了不同時(shí)期的建筑之間的對(duì)話，并將建筑創(chuàng)作變?yōu)橐环N屬于更廣闊的工作和知識(shí)體系的藝術(shù)實(shí)踐。換言之，它重申了類型學(xué)工作的重要性。□

（克里斯托弗·李 文，龐凌波 譯）

As one of the first new generation Neighbourhood Centres commissioned by Singapore's Housing and Development Board (HDB), Oasis Terraces serves the public housing residents of Punggol bringing together a shopping centre, polyclinic and community amenities in a single building.The primary architectural challenge for us here is to cohere these diverse programmes into a legible whole, with an architecture that is both familiar and surprising.

2 近景/Nearby view

The architecture of HDB's housing blocks in the 1970s and early 1980s was instructive: the open frames of the common corridors leading to individual apartments formed an impressive and civilising framework for the housing blocks and the wider estates. Secondly the void decks on the ground floor, articulated and delineated by fin walls resemble communal porticos and colonnades,capable of hosting a diverse range of communal functions - weddings, funerals, mah-jong games and even futsal. They strongly echo Aldo Rossi's 1972 Gallaratese Housing in Milan.

We transposed this grammar of the open frames as an architectural framework, a container of social life. This is expressed as open verandas that surround the entire elevation of the building, framed by double columns. These spaces provide the crucial spill-out areas for dining functions facing the waterfront and as breakout spaces for the polyclinic. The same double columns also frame a 16m tall covered social plaza, deliberately placed to front the junction of the two waterways. This plaza both contains and displays community events, representing and performing its function in equal measure.

The third element, landscape, is used to generate activities that cultivate communal bonds in the neighbourhood centre. Fronting the waterways, a series of terraced gardens cascade down from the roof to the waterfront, forming a landscaped amphitheatre that faces the defining feature of the site. The universally accessible terraces also provide open spaces, gardens, play and exercise areas for both the shopping and polyclinic sides of the project. As the terraces wind up the building they also stitch together its two open arms. From the top of the terraces, the waterway is framed by the arms of the building as well as the 16m wide social plaza.

On a meta-critical level, Oasis Terraces demonstrates the possibility of revalidating and transposing the grammar of persistent architecture.Abstracting and repurposing architecture that has been sanctioned by use and time, into our own contemporary period, serves to create an architecture that is new and yet strangely familiar to all. A familiar architecture, as a common framework tends to blunt and regulate the rapid rate of change and urbanization today. It also sets up a dialogue between the works of architecture of different periods, and takes the creation of architecture as an artistic practice that belongs to a wider body of work and knowledge. In other words, it reasserts the primacy of working typologically.□

(Text byChristopher Lee)

3.4 屋頂露臺(tái)花園/Roof terrace garden

5 剖面/Section

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 二層平面/First floor plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Singapore Housing & Development Board

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Design Architect: Serie Architects

建設(shè)執(zhí)行/Executive Architect: Multiply Architects LLP.

土木工程/Civil & Structural Engineer: KTP Consultants Pte. Ltd.機(jī)電工程/Mechanical & Electrical Engineer: Bescon Consulting Engineers Pte.

工料測(cè)量/Quantity Surveying: Northcroft Lim Consultants Pte. Ltd.

防火工程/Fire Engineering: C2D Solutions Pte. Ltd.

立面/Fa?ade: Aurecon Singapore Pte. Ltd.

景觀/Landscape: WNE Integrated Design Pte. Ltd.

水體凈化/ABC: Netatech Pte. Ltd.

綠建/GreenMark: Afogreen Build Pte. Ltd.

聲學(xué)和視聽/Acoustic & Audio Visual: Alpha Acoustics Engineering Pte. Ltd.

燈光/Lighting: Light Cibles Pte. Ltd.

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/Interior Design: Multiply Interiors Pte. Ltd.

醫(yī)療計(jì)劃/Medical Planning: DP Healthcare Pte. Ltd.

工程管理/Project Management: SIPM Consultants Pte. Ltd.

主要承建/Main Contractor: Rich Construction Company Pte. Ltd.

設(shè)備承包/Instrumentation Contractor: Geo Application Engineers

攝影/Photos: Hufton + Crow

8.9 外景/Exterior views

10 俯瞰/Overlook view

評(píng)論

楊旭：項(xiàng)目位于新加坡榜鵝，這是在私人發(fā)展商承建鄰里中心的10余年之后，再次由建屋局建設(shè)的新一代鄰里中心。其目的在于營(yíng)造便利、友善的社區(qū)空間，而非追求商業(yè)利益最大化。項(xiàng)目毗鄰榜鵝水道,“向水而生”，居民穿過(guò)有遮蓋的社區(qū)廣場(chǎng)，沿著蜿蜒的綠坡與花臺(tái)可達(dá)屋頂。簡(jiǎn)單純粹的設(shè)計(jì)手法，使得建筑極為開放與通透，陽(yáng)光、空氣與視線可自由地穿越整個(gè)建筑。而項(xiàng)目中大量的垂直綠化與屋頂綠化，則得益于市區(qū)重建局的“打造翠綠都市和空中綠意”（LUSH）計(jì)劃，體現(xiàn)出公共政策對(duì)城市深刻的影響。維羅妮卡·吳：用建筑師克里斯托弗·李的話說(shuō)，綠洲露臺(tái)是“公共生活的建筑構(gòu)架”。該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)是一種創(chuàng)新，它重新定義了新一代新加坡社區(qū)中心類型，融合了社區(qū)、空間和花園。設(shè)計(jì)的確是一個(gè)場(chǎng)所營(yíng)建的過(guò)程。通過(guò)一系列專題小組的討論，社區(qū)的聲音被轉(zhuǎn)化為白色框架的集合，這些框架看上去正像是等待填充的空間。

作為第一個(gè)新一代社區(qū)中心，建筑師提煉了HDB住宅的開放框架，以一種熟悉的形式點(diǎn)綴著新加坡城市與郊區(qū)的景觀，并用多樣混合的使用功能巧妙地填充框架。白色的框架是網(wǎng)格狀，融合了不同的功能設(shè)置，綠植則軟化了原本剛硬的結(jié)構(gòu)邊緣。

該項(xiàng)目以空間類型學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)練與清晰清楚地暗示出建筑師希望實(shí)現(xiàn)社區(qū)與景觀之間緊密結(jié)合的核心愿景，這種結(jié)合表現(xiàn)為城市和公園形式的綜合。它的中心像一座風(fēng)景如畫的小山，多層級(jí)的花園如瀑布般向榜鵝水道傾斜。坡道串聯(lián)起這些花園和露臺(tái)，為建筑提供綠色與寬敞的交通流線通向屋頂。坡道的微觀圖易使人想起埃米里奧·安柏茲創(chuàng)作的福岡安可樂(lè)斯的疊層花園。建筑-園林類型學(xué)的對(duì)話似乎在新加坡的城市景觀中逾加突出，構(gòu)建起人-空間-場(chǎng)所之間的再發(fā)現(xiàn)。

（龐凌波 譯）

11 鳥瞰屋頂/Aerial view of the roof

12 屋頂局部/Part of the roof

13 廣場(chǎng)/Plaza

Comments

YANG Xu: The project is located in Punggol, Singapore.It is a new generation of neighbourhood centre constructed by the Housing Development Board after private real estate developers construct neighbourhood centres for over 10 years. The primary purpose is to create convenient and friendly community space,instead of pursuing for maximum commercial profits.The project is near to the water path of Punggol, and through a sheltered community square, residents can walk to the roof along the winning green slope and flower platform. The application of the simple and pure design method realises an extremely open and transparent construction, and no mater sunshine, air, or people's sight can freely go through the whole building.In addition, the great amount of vertical greening and roof greening in the project adds benefit to the"Landscaping for Urban Spaces and High-Rises (LUSH)"scheme made by the Urban Redevelopment Authority,which showcases the deep influence of public policies upon the city. (Translated by QIAN Fang)Veronica Ng: In the words of Christopher Lee the architect, the Oasis Terrace is an "architectural framework for communal life to unfold in". The design for Oasis Terrace is an innovation that re-defines typology of new generation Singapore's neighbourhood centre fusing community, space and the garden. The design is indeed a place-making process. The voice of the community through a series of focus group discussions is translated into a conglomeration of white frames, which appears as spaces waiting to be fi lled.

Being the first new-gen neighbourhood centre,the architect distills the open frames of the HDB Block typology, a familiar form adorning the Singapore urban and suburban landscape, and neatly in fi lls the frames with diverse mix-used functions. While the white frames are grid-like to fuse together diverse programs,the greens softens the edges of the otherwise rigid structure.

The simplicity and clarity of its spatial typology alludes clearly to the key vision of the architect to achieve a close integration between community and landscape - a synthesis of urban and park forms. Its centre resembles a landscaped hill with multi-tiered gardens cascading towards the Punggol Waterway.Ramps connect these gardens and terraces providing green and generous circulation routes up the building. The microscopic image of the ramps reminisce the cascading gardens of Acros Fukuoka,by Emilio Ambasz. The dialogue of architect-garden typology seemed to gain increasing prominence within the urban landscape of Singapore framing the re-discovery of relationship between people-spaceplace.