黃賽男,金澄艷,鮑建軍,王悅,陳煒昊,吳天弋,王利宏,呂曉陽, 高雯,王步忠,朱國強(qiáng),戴國俊,孫偉,5
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F17大腸桿菌在湖羊羔羊個(gè)體脾臟中LncRNA表達(dá)譜變化
黃賽男1,金澄艷1,鮑建軍2,王悅1,陳煒昊1,吳天弋1,王利宏1,呂曉陽1, 高雯1,王步忠3,朱國強(qiáng)4,戴國俊1,孫偉1,5
(1揚(yáng)州大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,江蘇揚(yáng)州 225009;2南京新九州農(nóng)牧科技有限公司,南京 210000;3江蘇西來原生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)有限公司,江蘇泰州 225300;4揚(yáng)州大學(xué)獸醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇揚(yáng)州 225009;5揚(yáng)州大學(xué)教育部農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全國際合作聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室,江蘇揚(yáng)州 225009)
【目的】通過篩選對大腸桿菌()F17菌毛非腹瀉型與腹瀉型的綿羊脾臟中差異表達(dá)的lncRNA,來探究lncRNA對綿羊抗腹瀉的作用?!痉椒ā勘狙芯客ㄟ^對湖羊羔羊口服F17菌株獲得非腹瀉和腹瀉型個(gè)體,利用羔羊腸道細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)、病理組織切片驗(yàn)證攻毒成功性;構(gòu)建非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊脾臟的cDNA文庫,使用Illumina HiSeq 2500平臺(tái)進(jìn)行配對測序;通過Gene Ontology(GO)和KEGG Pathway富集分析對差異表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)錄本功能描述和細(xì)胞通路分析,利用FPKM法估計(jì)lncRNA和mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄物的表達(dá)水平,并用高通量測序技術(shù)RNA-seq篩選出非腹瀉和腹瀉個(gè)體脾臟中的差異表達(dá)lncRNA;然后利用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測了非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊脾臟組織中DE lncRNA和DE mRNA的表達(dá)水平,來驗(yàn)證篩選的DE lncRNA在非腹瀉組過程中發(fā)揮作用?!窘Y(jié)果】羔羊口服F17菌株后,出現(xiàn)非腹瀉和腹瀉兩種表型,腹瀉組羔羊腸道中的細(xì)菌數(shù)量顯著高于非腹瀉組(<0.05),同時(shí)腹瀉組羔羊空腸黏膜組織出現(xiàn)不同程度的損傷,色澤暗沉,小腸絨毛部分脫落。筆者利用RNA-seq在非腹瀉和腹瀉羔羊脾臟中篩選出34個(gè)差異表達(dá)的(DE)lncRNA,703個(gè)的DE mRNA,隨機(jī)選擇一共12個(gè)DE lncRNA和DE mRNA,用q-PCR驗(yàn)證它們在非腹瀉型和腹瀉型羔羊體內(nèi)的相對表達(dá)水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)與RNA-seq結(jié)果一致。通過Gene Ontology(GO)和KEGG Pathway富集分析,將DE lncRNA與GO 數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行比對的結(jié)果表明一共有34條lncRNA被注釋和分類到302個(gè)功能亞類中,綿羊蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合(GO:0005515),細(xì)胞核(GO:0005634),poly(A)RNA結(jié)合(GO:0044822),細(xì)胞質(zhì)(GO:0005737),組織重塑(GO:0048771),內(nèi)肽酶活性的調(diào)節(jié)(GO:0052548)),6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-雙磷酸酶復(fù)合物(GO:0043540),磷脂酰肌醇磷酸化(GO:0046854),果糖-2,6-二磷酸2-磷酸酶活性(GO:0004331),鈣依賴性磷脂酶C活性(GO:0050429)等10 個(gè)功能亞類的lncRNA較多,而其余的功能亞類的lncRNA分布較少。將DE lncRNA與KEGG 通路數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行比對的結(jié)果表明,一共有34條lncRNA被注釋和歸類到149個(gè)KEGG 通路中,綿羊甲狀腺激素信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04919),Spliceosome(路徑:ko03040),白細(xì)胞跨內(nèi)皮遷移(路徑:ko04670),神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04722),溶酶體(路徑:ko04142),MAPK信號(hào)通路 - 途徑(路徑: ko04011),鞘脂信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04071),吞噬體(路徑:ko04145),氧化磷酸化(路徑:ko00190)等9 個(gè)KEGG 通路的lncRNA較多,而其余的KEGG 通路的lncRNA分布較少。 通過lncRNA-mRNA相互作用網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個(gè)共表達(dá)基因:MYO1G、TIMM29、CARM1、ADGRB1、SEPT4、DESI2。【結(jié)論】探究了對于腹瀉產(chǎn)生非腹瀉和腹瀉型羔羊脾臟中l(wèi)ncRNA的表達(dá)譜,發(fā)現(xiàn)了非腹瀉和腹瀉羔羊脾臟中差異表達(dá)的lncRNA,有助于找出羔羊如何抵抗腹瀉的發(fā)生機(jī)制,為羔羊抵抗腹瀉提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。
大腸桿菌F17;lncRNA;湖羊羔羊
【研究意義】羊大腸桿菌病是規(guī)?;驁鲎顬槌R姼甙l(fā)的細(xì)菌性疾病之一,傳統(tǒng)沿用的抗生素治療方案存在諸多缺陷。檢測影響綿羊大腸桿菌非腹瀉型相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)情況是分析綿羊抗病分子機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ),從而可以發(fā)現(xiàn)與抗大腸桿菌性狀相關(guān)的候選基因?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】1966年,Orskov等[1]首先報(bào)道了豬源大腸桿菌黏附性抗原K88,后證實(shí)黏附性抗原K88是一種依賴于質(zhì)粒表達(dá)的蛋白質(zhì)抗原[2],電子顯微鏡下觀察到其形態(tài)為暴露在菌體表面的絲狀物。目前已經(jīng)鑒定出多種動(dòng)物源產(chǎn)腸毒素大腸桿菌(ETEC)菌毛,包括K88、K99、987P、F17和F41等都是動(dòng)物源ETEC重要的黏附性毒力因子。lncRNA(Long non-coding RNA)是長度大于200個(gè)核苷酸的非編碼RNA。大量的研究表明,lncRNA 與人類各種腫瘤、心血管疾病和代謝疾病的發(fā)生具有密切的聯(lián)系和調(diào)控作用。值得注意的是,近年來越來越多的研究表明,lncRNA在抗病毒等天然免疫反應(yīng)中也具有重要的調(diào)控作用[3-7],相比于人的lncRNA,羊的lncRNA功能研究較滯后,而且大多集中在分析lncRNA對羊肌肉生長發(fā)育、睪丸發(fā)育、毛囊發(fā)育等性狀的調(diào)控作用[8-10]?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】目前,關(guān)于綿羊抗病方面研究還不多,少量的研究主要集中在疾病防治方面[11-12],而綿羊抗病的分子遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究鮮有報(bào)道。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題】利用RNA-seq,對大腸桿菌F17菌毛非腹瀉型與腹瀉型綿羊個(gè)體脾臟中差異表達(dá)lncRNA進(jìn)行篩選,并基于順式(cis)機(jī)制進(jìn)行靶基因預(yù)測以及功能注釋分析,篩選出關(guān)鍵lncRNA。在此基礎(chǔ)上利用qPCR進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。本研究從lncRNA層面上,加深了對綿羊非腹瀉組大腸桿菌F17菌毛的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)有望確定綿羊非腹瀉型大腸桿菌F17菌毛的功能基因,解決中國地方羊品種對大腸桿菌病的抗病育種關(guān)鍵問題,為今后制訂抗大腸桿菌病遺傳選育策略奠定基礎(chǔ)和提供理論依據(jù)。
試驗(yàn)用綿羊于2016年12月購自泰州市西來原生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)有限公司。隨機(jī)選擇生長發(fā)育良好、日齡體重相近的18只3日齡羔羊,并將羔羊全部隔離飼養(yǎng)。先用10%羔羊奶粉(表1)飼喂,以確保在試驗(yàn)前適應(yīng)飲食需要。5日齡時(shí)飼喂12.5%羔羊奶粉和大腸桿菌F17菌液(4.6×108CFU/mL),同時(shí)保證自由飲水。每天記錄羔羊糞便形態(tài)(表2),在有一些羔羊持續(xù)腹瀉2 d后,將羔羊分為非腹瀉組和腹瀉組,并對羊進(jìn)行安樂死。用4%多聚甲醛收集腸道組織。用RNAlater收集每只羔羊的肝臟、脾臟、十二指腸、空腸和回腸,并立即在液氮中冷凍以進(jìn)行RNA提取。
表1 奶粉成分(每100克奶粉)
表2 糞便形式量[20]
用0.9%鹽水洗滌空腸組織,并在室溫下用4%多聚甲醛固定48 h,然后進(jìn)行組織學(xué)分析。接下來,用蘇木精-伊紅染色7 μm切片,并在顯微鏡下觀察空腸上皮形態(tài)。
從每組中的3只綿羊脾臟提取總RNA,并使用NanoDrop 2000超微量分光光度計(jì)和Agilent 2100生物分析儀進(jìn)行質(zhì)控。用Ribo-Zero TM試劑盒(Epicenter, Madison, WI, USA)除去核糖體RNA。將RNA片段化(平均長度約為200 bp),然后通過逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成和純化cDNA。使用Qubit?dsDNA HS測定試劑盒進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增和純化后,選擇使用NEBNext?Ultra?RNA文庫制備試劑盒進(jìn)行文庫構(gòu)建。在上海歐易生物醫(yī)學(xué)科技有限公司使用Illumina HiSeq 2500平臺(tái),對文庫進(jìn)行末端配對測序(測序讀長為150 bp)。
過濾原始數(shù)據(jù)以消除低質(zhì)量讀長,使用映射到參照基因組(Ovis aries v4.0)的干凈讀長進(jìn)行組裝。用CPC[13]、CNCI[14]、Pfam[15]、PLEK[16]四種編碼潛能分析方法,將來自未知轉(zhuǎn)錄物中推定的編碼RNA和非編碼RNA候選物進(jìn)行分類。將最小長度和外顯子數(shù)設(shè)置為閾值,濾出推定的編碼RNA,長度超過200 nt的兩個(gè)外顯子的轉(zhuǎn)錄物被選為lncRNA候選物。使用cuffcompare歸類不同類型的lncRNA,主要包括intergenic lncRNA(字符為u),intronic lncRNA(字符為i), anti-sense lncRNA(字符為x),sense- overlapping lncRNA(字符為o)。
由于FPKM法[17]同時(shí)考慮了測序深度和轉(zhuǎn)錄本長度對fragments計(jì)數(shù)的影響,因此使用FPKM值(fragments Per kb per Million reads,是每百萬fragments中來自某一基因每千堿基長度的fragments數(shù)目)估計(jì)lncRNA和mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄物的表達(dá)水平。使用DESeq[18]軟件檢測兩組之間DE基因的數(shù)量和FPKM值。在利用RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)比較分析兩個(gè)樣品中同一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本是否存在差異表達(dá)的時(shí)候,選取兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):一是FoldChange,就是兩樣品中同一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本表達(dá)水平的變化倍數(shù);二是p-value或FDR(padjust),F(xiàn)DR值的計(jì)算方法先要對每個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄本計(jì)算p-value,再用FDR錯(cuò)誤控制法對p-value作多重假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)校正。默認(rèn)篩選差異的條件為<0.05且| log2(倍數(shù)變化)|>1。
得到差異表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)錄本之后,對差異表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)錄本進(jìn)行GO富集分析,對其功能進(jìn)行描述(結(jié)合GO注釋結(jié)果)。統(tǒng)計(jì)每個(gè)GO條目中所包括的差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本個(gè)數(shù),并用Fisher's exact test計(jì)算每個(gè)GO條目中差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本富集的顯著性(默認(rèn)篩選差異的條件為<0.05)。KEGG[19]是有關(guān)通路的主要公共數(shù)據(jù)庫,利用KEGG數(shù)據(jù)庫對差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本進(jìn)行通路分析(結(jié)合KEGG注釋結(jié)果),并用Fisher's exact test計(jì)算每個(gè)通路條目中差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本富集的顯著性(默認(rèn)篩選差異的條件為<0.05),通路分析對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果有提示作用,通過差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本的通路分析,可以找到富集差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本的通路條目,尋找不同樣品的差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本可能和哪些細(xì)胞通路的改變有關(guān)。
通過計(jì)算多個(gè)基因之間的Pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)和值預(yù)測DE lncRNA的靶基因。使用|corelation|≥0.7并且≤0.05來過濾轉(zhuǎn)錄物,選擇與黏附功能相關(guān)通路的DE lncRNA,并通過順式和反式作用預(yù)測所有DE lncRNA的靶基因。
為驗(yàn)證篩選的DE lncRNA在非腹瀉組過程中發(fā)揮作用,用q-PCR檢測了非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊脾臟組織中一共12種DE lncRNA和DE mRNA的表達(dá)水平,使用2-ΔΔCt方法將每個(gè)RNA的相對定量歸一化為GAPDH,lncRNA的引物見表3。
使用SPSS軟件(版本20.0)分析所有數(shù)據(jù),使用單因素方差分析(ANOVA)分析差異轉(zhuǎn)錄本的相對表達(dá)量,并使用Tukey檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行多重比較。<0.05被認(rèn)為具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。每組包含3個(gè)樣品,每個(gè)試驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
根據(jù)糞便形態(tài)[20],將試驗(yàn)個(gè)體分為非腹瀉組(12、13、14p)與腹瀉組(15、16、17p)。在腹瀉組中,細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)在4.7×108至1.9×109之間,但在非腹瀉組中細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)下降到了5.1×106至9.0×107。與非腹瀉組相比,腹瀉組羔羊腸道細(xì)菌數(shù)量明顯較高(<0.05,表4,圖1),腹瀉組羔羊空腸黏膜組織出現(xiàn)不同程度的損傷,色澤暗沉,細(xì)胞死亡、裂解,黏膜下層留下較大間隙,腸絨毛部分脫落,腸道黏膜中豐富的毛細(xì)血管都被極大的破壞,難以在切片中找到相應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)(圖2)。
表3 GAPDH,DE lncRNA和mRNA的引物
表4 非腹瀉組與腹瀉羔羊腸道細(xì)菌數(shù)量對比
圖1 非腹瀉組與腹瀉羔羊腸道細(xì)菌數(shù)量對比
圖2 非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊空腸組織學(xué)形態(tài)觀察
構(gòu)建非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊脾臟的cDNA文庫,使用Illumina HiSeq 2500平臺(tái)進(jìn)行測序,分別產(chǎn)生了354 943 820和370 616 990個(gè)原始讀長。文庫的GC含量分別為48.33%和49.67%。將清潔讀長中的有效讀長映射到ovis aries v4.0參考基因組,超過73.5%的讀長被映射到基因組。映射到參考序列多個(gè)位置的序列數(shù)目低于4.5%,超過70%的讀長被唯一映射到參考序列。大約35%的讀長映射到基因組的正、負(fù)鏈。此外,通過注釋分析映射到外顯子區(qū)域(約60%)的讀長數(shù)量高于基因間和內(nèi)含子區(qū)域。這些結(jié)果表明,匹配效率很高,大多數(shù)讀長映射到外顯子區(qū)域。
在繪制參考序列后,我們從42 460個(gè)匯編的轉(zhuǎn)錄物中鑒定出已知的1 988個(gè)lncRNA和38 843個(gè)mRNA。lncRNA長度主要分布于200—5 000 bp,平均長度為2 124 bp。此外,lncRNA主要為intergenic lncRNA(字符為u),intronic lncRNA(字符為i),包含2—3個(gè)外顯子(圖3)。
利用FPKM值估計(jì)lncRNA和mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄物的表達(dá)水平,其中l(wèi)ncRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄本表達(dá)水平相對較低(圖4)。
在<0.05和| log2(倍數(shù)變化)|>1的條件下,篩選出14個(gè)上調(diào)和20個(gè)下調(diào)的DE lncRNA,370個(gè)上調(diào)和333個(gè)下調(diào)的DE mRNA(圖5)。
為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證RNA-seq的可靠性,隨機(jī)選擇一共12個(gè)DE lncRNA和DE mRNA,用q-PCR驗(yàn)證它們在非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊體內(nèi)的相對表達(dá)水平,發(fā)現(xiàn)與RNA-seq結(jié)果一致(圖6),表明RNA-seq數(shù)據(jù)是可靠的。這些分析還表明,高通量測序具有檢測低表達(dá)水平(0<FPKM<1)基因的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
圖3 lncRNA長度、類型、預(yù)測lncRNA的外顯子數(shù)目統(tǒng)計(jì)
圖4 lncRNA(左)和mRNA(右)轉(zhuǎn)錄本表達(dá)水平箱線圖
圖5 非腹瀉組和腹瀉組型羔羊之間差異表達(dá)的lncRNAs(左)和mRNAs(右)
圖6 DE lncRNA和mRNA在非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊體內(nèi)的相對表達(dá)水平
在“l(fā)ncRNA名稱--功能預(yù)測Term”之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系中(附件),分別選取預(yù)測可信度(按p-value排序)最高的Top 500個(gè)預(yù)測關(guān)系,對其中各個(gè)功能預(yù)測Term進(jìn)行頻次計(jì)數(shù),統(tǒng)計(jì)功能注釋較多的GO(或通路)term,反映該試驗(yàn)中得到的差異lncRNAs功能分布的整體情況(圖7)。
DE lncRNA與GO 數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行比對的結(jié)果表明,一共有34條lncRNA被注釋和分類到302個(gè)功能亞類中。圖7顯示了DE lncRNA數(shù)量排名前30 位的功能亞類。結(jié)果顯示,綿羊蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)合(GO:0005515)、細(xì)胞核(GO:0005634)、poly(A)RNA結(jié)合(GO:0044822)、細(xì)胞質(zhì)(GO:0005737)、組織重塑(GO:0048771)、內(nèi)肽酶活性的調(diào)節(jié)(GO:0052548))、6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-雙磷酸酶復(fù)合物(GO:0043540)、磷脂酰肌醇磷酸化(GO:0046854)、果糖-2,6-二磷酸2-磷酸酶活性(GO:0004331)、鈣依賴性磷脂酶C活性(GO:0050429)等10 個(gè)功能亞類的lncRNA較多,而其余的功能亞類的lncRNA分布較少。
DE lncRNA與KEGG 通路數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行比對的結(jié)果表明,一共有34條lncRNA被注釋和歸類到149個(gè)KEGG 通路中。圖7顯示了DE lncRNA數(shù)量排名前30 位的KEGG 通路。結(jié)果顯示,綿羊甲狀腺激素信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04919)、Spliceosome(路徑:ko03040)、白細(xì)胞跨內(nèi)皮遷移(路徑:ko04670)、神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04722)、溶酶體(路徑:ko04142)、MAPK信號(hào)通路-途徑(路徑:ko04011)、鞘脂信號(hào)通路(路徑:ko04071)、吞噬體(路徑:ko04145)、氧化磷酸化(路徑:ko00190)等9 個(gè)KEGG 通路的lncRNA較多,而其余的KEGG 通路的lncRNA分布較少。
對于感興趣的DE lncRNAs,筆者搜索其上下游100 kb范圍內(nèi)的所有編碼基因,并與該lncRNA有顯著共表達(dá)(皮爾森相關(guān)性計(jì)算)的基因取交集。這些在基因組上臨近且表達(dá)模式上存在共表達(dá)的基因很可能被該lncRNA所調(diào)控。因此,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個(gè)基因可能被該相關(guān)lncRNA所調(diào)控(表5)。
表5 差異lncRNAs的cis調(diào)控
由于轉(zhuǎn)錄組分析的快速發(fā)展,lncRNAs在過去幾年作為細(xì)胞發(fā)育中的新型調(diào)節(jié)劑受到廣泛關(guān)注[21]。目前已經(jīng)鑒定的lncRNAs主要與癌癥相關(guān),如前列腺癌[22]、胃癌[23]、肺癌[24]以及乳腺癌[25]等,以及與生殖功能相關(guān)的lncRNA[26-29]。然而,迄今為止,關(guān)于羔羊腹瀉的lncRNA,特別是綿羊的研究報(bào)道很少。湖羊是一種具有高繁殖力和對濕熱氣候適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)的中國特有品種,可以全年在室內(nèi)飼養(yǎng)。在這項(xiàng)研究中,不僅提供了綿羊腹瀉過程中l(wèi)ncRNA的第一個(gè)概況,還研究了lncRNA在抗病過程中的可能作用。
長期以來,羔羊腹瀉對牧場造成了嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。在研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA的表達(dá)水平低于mRNA,與綿羊睪丸組織一致[30],并且lncRNAs和mRNAs的平均長度比豬更長(分別為1 713和1 983 bp[27]。搜索其上下游100 kb范圍內(nèi)的所有編碼基因,并與該lncRNAs有顯著共表達(dá)(皮爾森相關(guān)性計(jì)算)的基因取交集,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個(gè)與lncRNA共表達(dá)的基因:MYO1G(肌球蛋白IG)、TIMM29(線粒體內(nèi)膜的轉(zhuǎn)位酶29)、CARM1(共激活因子相關(guān)的精氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶1)、ADGRB1(黏附G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體B1)、SEPT4(septin 4)、DESI2(脫嘌呤的肽酶2)。
MYO1G在維持B細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞剛度(cell stiffness)方面扮演了很重要的角色,MYO1G的缺失降低細(xì)胞剛度,影響細(xì)胞黏附,擴(kuò)散,吞噬作用和B細(xì)胞淋巴細(xì)胞的內(nèi)吞過程[31]。關(guān)于TIMM29的研究報(bào)道比較少,最近研究報(bào)道TIMM29被鑒定為哺乳動(dòng)物TIMM22蛋白復(fù)合物第一個(gè)特異性組分,同時(shí)其在TIMM23蛋白的組裝過程中扮演重要角色[32-33]。CARM1,是蛋白質(zhì)精氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶家族(protein arginine methyltransferase,PRMTs)的成員之一,含 有高度保守結(jié)構(gòu)域的具有甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶活性的酶。CARM1 敲除的小鼠出生時(shí)就死亡[34],這表明CARM1為產(chǎn)后生存所必須。后來研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),CARM1抑制能夠促進(jìn)HIV-1活化[35]。ADGRB1屬于跨膜蛋白家族——黏附G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體(aGPCRs)的成員之一,aGPCR家族的定義特征是保守的GAIN結(jié)構(gòu)域,具有自體蛋白水解活性并且可以切割第一跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域附近的受體,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)通過GAIN結(jié)構(gòu)域切割顯示的新的N末端莖可以直接激活作為束縛激動(dòng)劑的ADGRB1[36]。Septins是一個(gè)具有GTP 酶活性的高度保守的細(xì)胞骨架蛋白家族,腫瘤抑制因子SEPT4是Septins 家族成員之一,其可誘導(dǎo)癌細(xì)胞凋亡[37]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SEPT4 基因突變的小鼠精子環(huán)及其鄰近的皮質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,引起精子活力低下甚至不運(yùn)動(dòng),最終導(dǎo)致不育癥的發(fā)生[38-39]。DESI2 基因是一種促凋亡基因,體外試驗(yàn)表明DESI2基因過表達(dá)可誘導(dǎo)胰腺癌等腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡,能有效抑制部分癌細(xì)胞增殖,其與IP10的組合基因治療能顯著抑制腫瘤生長,并有效延長了患腫瘤小鼠的存活時(shí)間[40-41]。
總共703個(gè)mRNA和34個(gè)已知的lncRNA在非腹瀉組和腹瀉組之間顯著差異表達(dá),其中14個(gè)上調(diào)和20個(gè)下調(diào)DE lncRNA。另外,確定了兩組中共有1 942個(gè)新的lncRNA。搜索lncRNA上下游100 kb范圍內(nèi)的所有編碼基因,并與該lncRNA有顯著共表達(dá)(皮爾森相關(guān)性計(jì)算)的基因取交集,發(fā)現(xiàn)6個(gè)基因可能被該相關(guān)lncRNA所調(diào)控。為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證RNA-Seq結(jié)果,采用q-PCR驗(yàn)證12種已知的lncRNA和mRNA的表達(dá)水平,結(jié)果一致。
GO是一種廣泛用于研究基因功能關(guān)系的生物信息學(xué)工具。對34個(gè)DE lncRNA進(jìn)行GO分析,在Top 500的預(yù)測關(guān)系對中,有16個(gè)DE lncRNA富集到蛋白結(jié)合(GO:0005515)條目。KEGG 通路分析表明,信號(hào)通路如Sphingolipid signaling 通路(path:ko04071)、Axon guidance(path:ko04360)、Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchor biosynthesis(path:ko00563)可能是DE lncRNA共表達(dá)基因的重要KEGG途徑,相關(guān)的lncRNA可能潛在地參與菌毛黏附腸道黏膜的過程。然而,這些通路在抗病過程中的作用很大程度上仍然是未知的。
研究了對于腹瀉產(chǎn)生非腹瀉型和腹瀉型羔羊脾臟中l(wèi)ncRNA的表達(dá)譜,以進(jìn)一步了解其在綿羊抗病發(fā)生過程中的調(diào)控作用。發(fā)現(xiàn)了非腹瀉組和腹瀉組羔羊脾臟組織中差異表達(dá)的lncRNA。有助于找出羔羊如何抵抗腹瀉的發(fā)生機(jī)制。此外,進(jìn)一步研究這些lncRNA可以為羔羊抵抗腹瀉提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。
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Changes of LncRNA Expression Profile in Spleen of Diarrhea and Non-diarrhea Individuals in F17 of Hu Sheep Lamb
HUANG SaiNan1, JIN ChengYan1, BAO JianJun2,WANG Yue1, CHEN WeiHao1, WU TianYi1, WANG LiHong1, Lü XiaoYang1, GAO Wen1, WANG BuZhong3, ZHU GuoQiang4, DAI GuoJun1, SUN Wei1,5
(1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu;2Nanjing New Kyushu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000;3Jiangsu Source Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu;4College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu;5Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu)
【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA on anti-diarrhea in sheep by screening lncRNA differentially expressed inF17 fimbriae non-diarrhea and diarrhea sheep spleen. 【Method】 In this study, individuals with non-diarrhea and diarrhea were obtained by oral administration ofF17 strain to Lake Lamb. The success of the challenge was verified by using intestinal counts and pathological sections of the lambs. A cDNA library of spleen from lambs in non-diarrhea group and diarrhea group was constructed and sequenced by using Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Functional description and cell pathway analysis of differentially expressed transcripts were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis by using FPKM method. The expression levels of lncRNA and mRNA transcripts were screened by high-throughput sequencing technology RNA-seq for differential expression of lncRNA in spleens of non-diarrhea and diarrhea individuals; then, Quantitative PCR was used to detect spleen tissues in non-diarrhea and diarrhea lambs. The expression levels of differentially expressed (DE) lncRNA and DE mRNA were used to verify the role of screened DE lncRNA in the non-diarrhea group. 【Result】 After oral administration ofF17 strain, there were two phenotypes of non-diarrhea and diarrhea. The number of bacteria in the intestine of the diarrhea group was significantly higher than that in the non-diarrhea group (<0.05), and the jejunal mucosa of the diarrhea group appeared different degrees of damage, dull color, part of the small intestine villi off. We used RNA-seq to screen 34 DE lncRNAs and 703 DE mRNAs in non-diarrhea and diarrhea lamb spleens. A total of 12 DE lncRNA and DE mRNA were randomly selected and verified by q-PCR. Relative expression levels in the diarrhea and non-diarrhea lambs were found to be consistent with RNA-seq results. The comparison between DE lncRNA and GO database by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that a total of 34 lncRNAs were annotated and classified into 302 functional subclasses. There were more than one functional subclass of lncRNA, such as sheep protein binding (GO: 0005515), nuclear (GO: 0005634), poly (A) RNA binding (GO: 0044822), cytoplasm (GO: 0005737), tissue remodeling (GO: 0048771), regulation of endopeptidase activity (GO: 0052548) ), 6-phosphate fructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase complex (GO: 0043540), phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation (GO: 0848654), fructose-2, 6.2-phosphite 2-phosphatase activity (GO: 0004331) and calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity (GO: 0050429), while the remaining functional subclasses had less lncRNA distribution. The alignment of DE lncRNA with the KEGG pathway database indicated that a total of 34 lncRNAs were annotated and classified into 149 KEGG pathways, the sheep thyroid hormone signaling pathway (path: ko04919), Spliceosome (path: ko03040), white blood cell cross Endothelial migration (path: ko04670), neurotrophin signaling pathway (path: ko04722), lysosome (path: ko04142), MAPK signaling pathway-pathway (path: ko04011), sphingolipid signaling pathway (path: ko04071), phagocytosis the body (path: ko04145), oxidative phosphorylation (path: ko00190) and other 9 KEGG pathways had more lncRNAs, while the remaining KEGG pathways had less lncRNA distribution. Through lncRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis, we found six co-expressed genes: MYO1G, TIMM29, CARM1, ADGRB1, SEPT4, and DESI2. 【Conclusion】 This study explored the expression profile of lncRNA in the spleen of non-diarrhea and diarrhea lambs for diarrhea. It was found that lncRNA differentially expressed in the spleen of non-diarrhea and diarrhea lambs, which helped to find out how lambs resist diarrhea and provided a scientific basis for lambs to resist diarrhea.
F17; lncRNA; Lake lamb
10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.015
2018-09-18;
2018-12-03
國家自然科學(xué)基金(31872333)、科技部家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物平臺(tái)項(xiàng)目、江蘇省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè))項(xiàng)目(BE2018354)、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)重大新品種創(chuàng)制項(xiàng)目(PZCZ201739)、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(CX(18)2003)、江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目、江蘇省高校自然科學(xué)研究重大項(xiàng)目(17KJA230001)、江蘇省六大高峰人才項(xiàng)目和揚(yáng)州大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(XKYCX17_060、SJCX18_0804)
黃賽男,E-mail:1481258911@qq.com。金澄艷,E-mail:1342315339@qq.com。黃賽男和金澄艷為同等貢獻(xiàn)作者。通信作者孫偉,E-mail:dkxmsunwei@163.com
(責(zé)任編輯 林鑒非)