0.05);兩組手術(shù)時間、IPP比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P關(guān)鍵詞:腎盂內(nèi)壓力;經(jīng)皮腎"/>
劉小良 廖鑫鑫 黃鵬
摘要:目的 ?探討經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石術(shù)(PCNL)術(shù)中腎盂內(nèi)壓對術(shù)后感染的影響。方法 ?回顧性分析2017年12月~2018年2月我院79例行PCNL患者的臨床資料,根據(jù)PCNL術(shù)后感染情況分為術(shù)后感染組(14例)和術(shù)后正常組(65例),比較兩組臨床特點及術(shù)中腎盂內(nèi)壓力變化對術(shù)后感染的影響。結(jié)果 ?兩組年齡、性別、高血壓病史、糖尿病病史、體重指數(shù)、結(jié)石大小及術(shù)中失血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組手術(shù)時間、IPP比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析結(jié)果顯示,手術(shù)時間和IPP是PCNL術(shù)后感染的危險因素。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,IPP最佳截斷值為37.5 mmHg,敏感性為56.92%,特異性為96.89%,曲線下面積為0.865,95%CI:0.704~0.946;手術(shù)時間最佳截斷值為59.92 min,敏感性為52.31%,特異性為92.86%,曲線下面積為0.821,95%CI:0.738~0.984。結(jié)論 ?術(shù)中腎盂內(nèi)壓及手術(shù)時間是PCNL術(shù)后感染的獨立危險因素,因此需監(jiān)控IPP,避免因IPP過高引起術(shù)后感染。
關(guān)鍵詞:腎盂內(nèi)壓力;經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石術(shù);術(shù)后感染
中圖分類號:R69 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標(biāo)識碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.24.021
文章編號:1006-1959(2019)24-0066-03
Effect of Intrapelvic Pressure during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
on Predicting Postoperative Infection
LIU Xiao-liang1,LIAO Xin-xin1,HUANG Peng1,LU Wen-bao1,2,ZHANG Liang1,ZHOU Hai-bin1,CAI Jun1,ZENG Quan1
(1.Department of Urology,Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332000,Jiangxi,China;
2.Department of Urology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,Jiangxi,China)
Abstract:Objective ?To investigate the effect of intrapelvic pressure on postoperative infection during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods ?The clinical data of 79 patients with PCNL in our hospital from December 2017 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into postoperative infection group (14 cases) and normal postoperative group (65 cases) according to PCNL postoperative infection status. The clinical characteristics of the two groups and the effects of intra-pelvic pressure changes on postoperative infections were compared. Results ?There were no significant differences in age, gender, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, body mass index, stone size, and blood loss during the two groups (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in surgical time and IPP between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that operation time and IPP were risk factors for PCNL infection. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of IPP was 37.5 mmHg, the sensitivity was 56.92%, the specificity was 96.89%, the area under the curve was 0.865, and the 95% CI : 0.704~0.94; the optimal cutoff value for operation time was 59.92 min,the sensitivity is 52.31%, the specificity is 92.86%, the area under the curve is 0.821, and the 95% CI :0.738~0.984. Conclusion ?Intraoperative renal pelvis pressure and operation time are independent risk factors for postoperative infection of PCNL. Therefore, IPP should be monitored to avoid postoperative infection due to high IPP.
Key words:Intrapelvic pressure;Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;Postoperative infection
腎結(jié)石(kidney calculi))是一些晶體物質(zhì)(如鈣、草酸、尿酸、胱氨酸等)在腎臟的異常聚積所致,為泌尿系統(tǒng)常見疾病之一。目前,經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石術(shù)(percutaneous nephroscope lithoipsy,PCNL)是治療復(fù)雜性和較大腎結(jié)石常用的微創(chuàng)技術(shù)[1],其通過經(jīng)皮腎通路(順行)進入腎收集系統(tǒng);在手術(shù)過程中平衡腎盂內(nèi)壓力(intrarenal pelvic pressure,IPP)是治療的關(guān)鍵,過高的IPP可能導(dǎo)致PCNL術(shù)后發(fā)熱和敗血癥等并發(fā)癥[2,3],嚴重影響患者的生活及生存質(zhì)量。本文回顧性分析2017年12月~2018年2月我院經(jīng)皮腎鏡碎石的患者79例,探討PCNL術(shù)中腎盂內(nèi)壓對術(shù)后感染的影響,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料 ?回顧性2017年12月~2018年2月九江學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院東院泌尿外科79例因腎結(jié)石行PCNL患者的臨床資料,根據(jù)PCNL術(shù)后感染情況分為術(shù)后感染組(14例)和術(shù)后正常組(65例)。納入標(biāo)準:①單純腎輸尿管上段結(jié)石≥20 mm;②復(fù)雜多發(fā)腎結(jié)石;③鑄型結(jié)石。排除標(biāo)準:①合并輸尿管中下結(jié)石或輸尿管梗阻;②輸尿管導(dǎo)管無法逆行插入腎盂;③年齡≤18歲;④既往有PCNL術(shù)病史。
1.2方法
1.2.1手術(shù)和檢測腎盂內(nèi)壓力方法 ?在全身麻醉下,患者取截石位,并在膀胱鏡引導(dǎo)下將6Fr開放式輸尿管導(dǎo)管置于腎盂中。通過尿動力學(xué)機器分析儀Solar(Turkey)連接6Fr輸尿管導(dǎo)管監(jiān)測IPP大小,并通過同側(cè)脅腹區(qū)域的壓縮觀察正弦壓力描記,術(shù)前IPP均調(diào)整為零[7,8],測壓系統(tǒng)每5 s采集1次數(shù)據(jù),術(shù)中取平均IPP并記錄。留置F16~F18導(dǎo)尿管和輸尿管導(dǎo)管固定,然后將患者改為俯臥位以進行PCNL,在超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)腋后線第12肋下或11肋間選擇最佳穿刺位置,經(jīng)腎盂穹窿部向目標(biāo)腎盞穿刺成功后,留置導(dǎo)絲。采用三步擴張法筋膜擴張器擴張至F24,并通過鈥激光碎石。術(shù)中結(jié)石碎石通過鏡鞘沖出,檢查視野內(nèi)結(jié)石清除干凈及無損傷后退鏡。通過PCNL術(shù)后1 d患者體溫>38℃,且血象提示中性粒細胞百分比及白細胞上升定義為PCNL術(shù)后感染。
1.2.2數(shù)據(jù)收集 ?收集患者臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、體重指數(shù)、高血壓史、糖尿病史及結(jié)石大小、手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中失血量。術(shù)中失血量通過術(shù)前血紅蛋白和術(shù)后復(fù)查血紅蛋白差值估計。
1.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 ?采用SPSS 17.0軟件包進行數(shù)據(jù)處理。計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用?字2檢驗。采用雙變量非條件Logistic多因素分析PCNL術(shù)后感染的影響因素。繪制受試者工作特性曲線(ROC)評估相關(guān)因素預(yù)測PCNL術(shù)后感染的價值。以P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組臨床資料比較 ?兩組年齡、性別、高血壓病史、糖尿病病史、體重指數(shù)、結(jié)石大小及術(shù)中失血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組手術(shù)時間、IPP比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2多因素Logistic分析PCNL術(shù)后感染的影響因素 ?以PCNL術(shù)后感染為因變量,臨床資料為自變量,結(jié)果顯示手術(shù)時間和IPP是PCNL術(shù)后感染的危險因素,見表2。
2.3 ROC曲線分析腎盂內(nèi)壓力和手術(shù)時間預(yù)測PCNL術(shù)后感染的價值 ?ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,IPP最佳截斷值為37.5 mmHg,敏感性為56.92%,特異性為96.89%,曲線下面積為0.8653,95% CI:0.704~0.946;手術(shù)時間最佳截斷值為59.92 min,敏感性為52.31%,特異性為92.86%,曲線下面積為0.821,95% CI:0.738~0.984,見圖1。
3討論
PCNL術(shù)是治療復(fù)雜性腎結(jié)石的標(biāo)準治療方法,其術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率約15%,主要并發(fā)癥包括出血、發(fā)熱、腎盂腎炎、全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(SIRS)和敗血癥[4,5],其中以感染性并發(fā)癥最為嚴重,可能導(dǎo)致住院時間延長、轉(zhuǎn)入重癥監(jiān)護室增多,進而增加醫(yī)療費用[6]。
常規(guī)PCNL術(shù)后死亡率較低,約為0.5%[4],而全身性尿膿毒癥高發(fā)病率和PCNL死亡率相關(guān)[7]。PCNL術(shù)后感染性并發(fā)癥的危險因素包括感染性結(jié)石、尿培養(yǎng)陽性及腎盂內(nèi)沖洗液培養(yǎng)陽性[8-10],但PCNL感染并發(fā)癥的確切機制尚不清楚,目前主要認為是由于細菌或細菌壁組分(如灌注液中的內(nèi)毒素)的全身吸收所致。楊嗣星等[11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在行輸尿管軟鏡鈥激光碎石術(shù)中存在腎盂內(nèi)高壓現(xiàn)象,進而增加患者術(shù)后發(fā)熱風(fēng)險,因此建議術(shù)中監(jiān)控灌注力。張華等[12]研究認為,在行輸尿管軟鏡碎石術(shù)時,使用直徑較大的輸尿管軟鏡通道鞘更有利于出水及降低腎盂內(nèi)壓,減少術(shù)后炎癥感染。謝國海等[13]研究結(jié)果表明,采用鏡鞘比<0.80的鏡鞘組合及適當(dāng)?shù)墓嘧嚎杀3諴CNL術(shù)中安全的腎盂內(nèi)壓。Loftus CJ等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在受感染的腎盂內(nèi)動物模型中,Mini-PCNL與更高的IPP和更高的術(shù)后感染風(fēng)險相關(guān)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組年齡、性別、高血壓病史、糖尿病病史、體重指數(shù)、結(jié)石大小及術(shù)中失血量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);s術(shù)后感染組手術(shù)時間長于術(shù)后正常組、IPP高于術(shù)后正常組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析結(jié)果顯示,手術(shù)時間和IPP是PCNL術(shù)后感染的危險因素。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示,IPP最佳截斷值為37.5 mmHg,敏感性為56.92%,特異性為96.89%,曲線下面積為0.865,95% CI:0.704~0.946;手術(shù)時間最佳截斷值為59.92 min,敏感性為52.31%,特異性為92.86%,曲線下面積為0.821,95% CI:0.738~0.984,與Suzuki T等[15]研究結(jié)果一致,說明IPP>30 mmHg時,可促進腎盂靜脈回流;IPP過高或更長的手術(shù)時間與術(shù)后發(fā)熱相關(guān)。
綜上所述,術(shù)中腎盂內(nèi)壓及手術(shù)時間是PCNL術(shù)后感染的獨立危險因素,因此需監(jiān)控IPP,避免因IPP過高引起術(shù)后感染的風(fēng)險。
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收稿日期:2019-7-18;修回日期:2019-7-28
編輯/杜帆