周國華 田慶新 冷敏瑞 閻鐵生 曹太強
摘 ?要:工作于輸入電感電流斷續(xù)模式的Cuk功率因數(shù)校正(Power Factor Correction, PFC)變換器,具有開關(guān)管零電流開通、控制電路設(shè)計簡單等優(yōu)點;但是在半個工頻周期內(nèi)占空比恒定時,其輸入電流存在諧波畸變,功率因數(shù)(Power Factor, PF)較低。針對此問題,研究了工作于輸入電感電流斷續(xù)模式、輸出電感電流連續(xù)模式的Cuk PFC變換器。通過推導(dǎo)輸入電流和PF值的表達(dá)式,設(shè)計了一種基于變占空比控制的Cuk PFC變換器,可保證在寬輸入電壓范圍內(nèi)使PF值接近于 且減小器件的電流應(yīng)力。通過占空比擬合的方法簡化了控制電路的設(shè)計。充分利用了Cuk變換器輸出電流無脈動、紋波小的特點,實現(xiàn)了低紋波的恒流輸出。最后,通過仿真和實驗對定占空比控制的Cuk PFC變換器與提出的變占空比控制Cuk PFC變換器進(jìn)行了性能對比,驗證了理論分析的正確性。
關(guān)鍵詞:Cuk變換器;功率因數(shù)校正;變占空比控制;低輸出電流紋波
DOI: XXX
中圖分類號:TM46 ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A ? ? ? ? ?文章編號:(編輯填寫)
Abstract: Cuk power factor correction (PFC) converter in discontinuous input inductor current mode features zero-current turn-on for the switch and simple designing for control circuit. However, input current has harmonic distortion and the power factor (PF) is relatively low when the duty ratio is constant within one half of the line cycle. The expressions of the input current and PF of discontinuous input inductor current mode and continuous output inductor current mode of Cuk PFC converter was derived, and based on which a variable duty ratio control of Cuk PFC converter was designed to improve the PF nearly up to one during the whole input voltage range and reduce the current stress of the devices. The designing of control circuit is simplified by fitting the duty ratio Moreover, the low ripple and no pulsation character of output current in Cuk converter were utilized to obtain the constant current output. Finally, the performance of the constant duty cycle control Cuk PFC converter is compared with that of the proposed variable duty cycle control Cuk PFC converter through simulation and experiment, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Keywords: Cuk converter; power factor correction; variable duty ratio control; low output current ripple
0 引 ?言
為了減小電力電子設(shè)備對電網(wǎng)的諧波污染,功率因數(shù)校正(Power Factor Correction, PFC)已經(jīng)成為AC-DC開關(guān)變換器中必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。相比于無源PFC,有源PFC以其功率因數(shù)高、體積小、成本低等優(yōu)點而得到了更加廣泛的應(yīng)用[1-2]。在現(xiàn)有PFC變換器拓?fù)渲?,Boost PFC變換器具有功率因數(shù)(Power Factor, PF)高、電流總諧波失真(Total harmonic distortion, THD)小的優(yōu)點[3]。但因Boost變換器的輸出電壓高于輸入電壓,難以用于需要低壓的應(yīng)用場合[4];且對于單級Boost PFC變換器,其輸出電壓或電流紋波大,需要級聯(lián)兩級DC-DC變換器來減小輸出紋波[5]。Cuk變換器屬于單級變換器,其輸入回路類似于Boost變換器,用于PFC時能夠得到較高的PF和較小的THD,是功率因數(shù)校正的優(yōu)良拓?fù)洹?/p>
另一方面,隨著LED照明[6]、電池充電[7]、消費電子等需要恒流供電的應(yīng)用日益廣泛,恒流輸出開關(guān)變換器的研究成為熱點[8-10]。文獻(xiàn)[8]研究了Buck型恒流開關(guān)變換器,其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,輸出電流紋波小,但實現(xiàn)PFC時控制復(fù)雜。文獻(xiàn)[9]研究了Boost型恒流開關(guān)變換器的負(fù)載和輸入瞬態(tài)性能,但Boost變換器輸出電流紋波較大,在小功率場合性能較差。文獻(xiàn)[10]設(shè)計了基于Buck-Boost變換器的恒流輸出AC-DC變換器,實現(xiàn)了PFC和恒流輸出;但與Boost變換器類似,也存在輸出電流紋波較大的問題。Cuk變換器的輸出回路有電感,其結(jié)構(gòu)類似于Buck變換器,輸出電流無脈動,紋波小,用于恒流輸出場合時具有明顯優(yōu)勢。