李棠
【摘要】 目的:觀察穿心蓮內(nèi)酯抗大鼠心肌肥厚的作用。方法:選取出生1~3 d的Wistar乳鼠32只,體外培養(yǎng)新生Wistar大鼠的心室肌細(xì)胞,于培養(yǎng)的第3天,換成無血清培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,然后隨機(jī)分為正常對照組、PTH組(PTH 10-7 mol/L)、PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組(穿心蓮內(nèi)酯10-5 mol/L)、PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組(MVA 10-4 moL/L),每組8只。穿心蓮內(nèi)酯預(yù)先孵育1 h,PTH及MVA均孵育24 h。分析PTH對心肌細(xì)胞直徑、3H-亮氨酸(Leu)摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、心房利鈉肽(ANP)、B型利鈉肽(BNP)含量的影響;分析穿心蓮內(nèi)酯對肥大心肌的保護(hù)作用;分析MVA對穿心蓮內(nèi)酯的拮抗作用;分析各組對心肌細(xì)胞K-Ras、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白相對表達(dá)量的影響。結(jié)果:PTH組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于正常對照組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯小于PTH組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。設(shè)正常對照組上述指標(biāo)的相對表達(dá)量均為1,PTH組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:10-5 mol/L穿心蓮內(nèi)酯能有效抑制心肌細(xì)胞肥大,同時還能抑制K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表達(dá),使用MVA后能使K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表達(dá)再次增加。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 心肌細(xì)胞 心肌肥厚 穿心蓮內(nèi)酯
[Abstract] Objective: To observe the anti-cardiac hypertrophy effect of Andrographolide. Method: Thirty-two Wistar rats were cultured for 1-3 d. The ventricular myocyte of newborn Wistar rats were cultured in vitro. On the third day of culture, the cells were cultured for 24 h and then randomly divided into four groups, 8 rats in each group: normal control group, PTH group (PTH 10-7 mol/L), PTH + Andrographolide group (Andrographolide?10-5 mol/L), PTH + Andrographolide + MVA group (MVA 10-4 moL/L). Andrographolide was pre-incubated for 1 h, PTH and MVA were incubated for 24 h. The effects of PTH on cardiac myocyte diameter, incorporation of 3H-leucine (Leu), protein content of single cell, ANP and BNP were analyzed, the protective effect of andrographolide on hypertrophic myocardium was analyzed, the antagonistic effect of MVA on Andrographolide was analyzed, the effect of intervention factors on the expression of K-Ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 protein in cardiomyocyte were analyzed.Result: The diameter of myocardial cells in PTH group was significantly larger than that in normal control group, the 3H-Leu incorporation rate, the content of protein in single cell, ANP and BNP in PTH group were higher than those in normal control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the diameter of myocardial cells in PTH + Andrographolide group was significantly smaller than that in PTH group, the 3H-Leu incorporation rate, the content of protein in single cell, ANP and BNP in PTH + Andrographolide group were lower than those in PTH group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the diameter of cardiomyocyte in PTH + Andrographolide + MVA group was significantly larger than that in PTH + Andrographolide group, the 3H-Leu incorporation rate, the content of protein in single cell, ANP and BNP in PTH + Andrographolide + MVA group were all higher than those in PTH + Andrographolide group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of K-ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were all 1, the relative expression of K-ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in PTH group were significantly higher than those in normal control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the relative expression of K-ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in PTH + Andrographolide group was significantly lower than those in PTH group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the relative expression of K-ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in PTH + Andrographolide + MVA group were higher than those in PTH + Andrographolide group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: 10-5 mol/L Andrographolide can effectively inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and can inhibit the expression of K-Ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins. The expression of K-Ras, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 protein were increased again after MVA.
[Key words] Cardiomyocyte Myocardial hypertrophy Andrographolide
First-authors address: The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou 341000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.36.006
甲狀旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)是一種重要的中分子尿毒癥毒素,其在體內(nèi)蓄積可對心血管系統(tǒng)造成多種損害,可引起血壓升高、心血管鈣化、心律失常、心肌肥厚甚至猝死等改變,是尿毒癥心血管病變的主要因素之一[1]。因此,積極探索其防治措施具有重要的臨床意義[2]。大量研究表明穿心蓮內(nèi)酯除具有降血脂作用外,還具有抑制心肌肥厚和心臟保護(hù)的功能,但其機(jī)制尚不十分清楚。本研究以新生大鼠原代培養(yǎng)的心室肌細(xì)胞為研究對象,以大鼠PTH1-34作為肥大誘導(dǎo)劑建立心肌細(xì)胞肥大模型,觀察穿心蓮內(nèi)酯對肥大心肌細(xì)胞的影響,探討穿心蓮內(nèi)酯可能的保護(hù)機(jī)制?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 主要試劑 大鼠甲狀旁腺1-34(rat parathyroid hormone 1-34,rPTH1-34,美國Sigma公司)、左旋甲羥戊酸內(nèi)酯(MVA,美國Sigma公司);穿心蓮內(nèi)酯(大連輝瑞制藥有限公司);3H-亮氨酸(3H-Leu,北京原子能研究所);小鳥苷酸三磷酸結(jié)合蛋白(small GTP-binding protein,Ras)K亞基(K-Ras)、細(xì)胞外信號調(diào)節(jié)激酶12(extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2,ERK1/2)、磷酸化(p)ERK1/2一抗(美國SantaCruz公司);大鼠心房利鈉肽(ANP)及B型利鈉肽(BNP)ELISA檢測試劑盒(美國SantaCruz公司,批號20081125)[3]。
1.2 心肌細(xì)胞的原代培養(yǎng) 取出生1~3 d的Wistar乳鼠(32只)心尖部分,冷PBS緩沖液(pH值7.4)沖洗2次,剪碎至1 mm3,0.25%胰酶37 ℃水浴消化5 min,反復(fù)消化5~6次。將收集的細(xì)胞懸液過濾后,1 000 r/min離心10 min,取沉淀以10%血清DMEM重新懸浮,進(jìn)行Percoll非連續(xù)密度梯度離心,最后加入10-4 mol/L的5-溴脫氧尿核苷抑制成纖維細(xì)胞的生長。倒置顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)和搏動,待融合成單層細(xì)胞時開始實驗[4]。
1.3 分組 于培養(yǎng)的第3天,換成無血清培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,然后隨機(jī)分為四組:正常對照組、PTH組(PTH 10-7 mol/L)、PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組(穿心蓮內(nèi)酯10-5 mol/L)、PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組(MVA 10-4 moL/L),各8只。穿心蓮內(nèi)酯預(yù)先孵育1 h,PTH與MVA均孵育24 h。
1.4 單個心肌細(xì)胞直徑的測定 細(xì)胞經(jīng)不同處理后,進(jìn)行蘇木素-伊紅(HE)染色,Motic Images Advanced 3.0軟件(Micro Optic Industrial Group CO.,LTD)測量經(jīng)過細(xì)胞核的最小直徑為心肌細(xì)胞直徑,每組隨機(jī)選取5個視野,每個視野計數(shù)20個細(xì)胞[5]。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo) (1)分析PTH對心肌細(xì)胞直徑、3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP、BNP含量的影響,其中3H-Leu摻入率檢測心肌細(xì)胞蛋白合成速率,BCA法測定單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量,ELISA法檢測ANP、BNP濃度的變化;(2)分析穿心蓮內(nèi)酯對肥大心肌的保護(hù)作用;(3)分析MVA對穿心蓮內(nèi)酯的拮抗作用;(4)分析各組干預(yù)因素對心肌細(xì)胞K-Ras、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)水平的影響,均采用Western Blot方法測定。
1.6 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 使用SPSS 18.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用SNK-q檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 各組心肌細(xì)胞直徑、3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量比較 各組心肌細(xì)胞直徑、3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于正常對照組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯小于PTH組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1和圖1。
2.2 各組心肌細(xì)胞K-Ras、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量比較 設(shè)正常對照組上述指標(biāo)的相對表達(dá)量均為1,PTH組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
3 討論
PTH是由甲狀旁腺主細(xì)胞和嗜酸細(xì)胞分泌的含有84個氨基酸的直鏈多肽,在調(diào)節(jié)鈣平衡中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。各種原因?qū)е碌募谞钆韵俟δ芸哼M(jìn)均可引起血中PTH水平的升高。研究表明,心肌細(xì)胞上存在PTH1型受體,提示心臟是PTH的靶器官之一[6]。進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高水平的盯H與心肌肥厚有關(guān),胛H能在體外誘導(dǎo)大鼠心室肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生肥大反應(yīng)[7]。因此本實驗使用PTH作為肥大誘導(dǎo)劑建立了心肌細(xì)胞肥大模型,旨在探索PTH致心肌肥厚的防治。心肌細(xì)胞屬于終末分化細(xì)胞,不具備增殖能力,當(dāng)細(xì)胞發(fā)生肥大反應(yīng)時,表現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞體積增大、蛋白含量增加和間質(zhì)增生[8]。心肌肥大時ANP和BNP代償性增加,是公認(rèn)的特征性變化指標(biāo)。因此筆者在實驗中以細(xì)胞直徑、3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP和BNP含量作為衡量心肌細(xì)胞肥大的指標(biāo)[9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PTH組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于正常對照組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示心肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生了肥大反應(yīng),模型建立成功[10]。穿心蓮內(nèi)酯分子量最小、活性最強(qiáng)、不良反應(yīng)最輕,因此,本實驗中選用穿心蓮內(nèi)酯作為心肌肥厚的保護(hù)劑[11]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯小于PTH組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明穿心蓮內(nèi)酯能有效地抑制肥大反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,對肥大心肌具有保護(hù)作用。有關(guān)穿心蓮內(nèi)酯抑制心肌肥厚的具體機(jī)制還不十分清楚。一部分研究認(rèn)為可能與其上調(diào)PPARα、γ、下調(diào)AT1和TLR4 mRNA、抑制ERK1/2的活化等有關(guān),大多數(shù)研究則認(rèn)為與其阻斷甲羥戊酸通路和小GTP蛋白活性有關(guān),最近的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)穿心蓮內(nèi)酯通過抑制Ras-ERK途徑抑制心肌肥厚[12-13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PTH組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯高于正常對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均明顯低于PTH組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)果提示心肌肥厚時Ras和ERK1/2蛋白活化,使用穿心蓮內(nèi)酯后Ras和ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)減少,結(jié)合既往研究的結(jié)果:ERK1/2的活化參與了PTHH致心肌肥厚的發(fā)生,提示穿心蓮內(nèi)酯可能通過抑制ERK1/2的活性從而抑制心肌肥厚的發(fā)生。ERK1/2是多種信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑的連接點,受多種信號的調(diào)控[14-15]。為了進(jìn)一步證實Ras蛋白在穿心蓮內(nèi)酯抑制心肌肥厚中的作用及其與ERK1/2的調(diào)控關(guān)系,使用MVA進(jìn)行干預(yù)。羥甲基戊二酸單酰輔酶A還原酶是MVA合成的限速酶,MVA通路在細(xì)胞生長過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用[16-17]。Samala等[18]證實,隨著心肌肥厚的發(fā)展,膜結(jié)合的Ras含量逐漸增加,磷酸化MAPK亦增加。穿心蓮內(nèi)酯能減少Ras活性及膜結(jié)合含量,減少磷酸化MAPK含量,進(jìn)而減少p-MHCQ403轉(zhuǎn)基因家兔心肌肥厚的進(jìn)程[19-20]。本實驗結(jié)果顯示,PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組心肌細(xì)胞直徑明顯大于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,3H-Leu摻入率、單個細(xì)胞蛋白含量、ANP含量、BNP含量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯+MVA組K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的相對表達(dá)量均高于PTH+穿心蓮內(nèi)酯組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明抑制Ras能有效抑制ERK1/2蛋白的表達(dá)和心肌肥厚的發(fā)生,即穿心蓮內(nèi)酯可能通過抑制Ras-ERK1/2途徑從而抑制了心肌肥厚反應(yīng)。此外,使用MVA后沒有完全對抗穿心蓮內(nèi)酯的抗肥大作用,提示穿心蓮內(nèi)酯可能還通過其他途徑發(fā)揮抗肥大作用,還有待于進(jìn)一步的研究。
綜上所述,10-5 mol/L穿心蓮內(nèi)酯能有效抑制心肌細(xì)胞肥大,同時還能抑制K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表達(dá),使用MVA后能使K-Ras、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表達(dá)再次增加。
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(收稿日期:2019-10-31) (本文編輯:程旭然)