竇榮漢 周國明 張彬 葉柳青
[摘要]目的 應用Logistic回歸和受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析糖類抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖類抗原50(CA50)和糖類抗原242(CA242)在Ⅰ~Ⅲ期可手術胰腺癌中的臨床診斷價值。方法 回顧性分析2016年1月~2018年12月在浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院住院并接受過規(guī)范手術治療的246例胰腺癌患者的臨床資料作為胰腺癌組,另選取同期接受手術的128例胰腺良性腫瘤患者作為對照組。采用化學發(fā)光免疫分析(CLIA)法檢測患者血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平;比較兩組患者血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平;比較胰腺癌組中不同腫瘤(TNM)分期患者血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平;采用Logistic回歸和ROC曲線計算并比較各指標單項檢測及聯(lián)合檢測時的ROC-曲線下面積(AUC)、靈敏度、特異性及準確率。結(jié)果 胰腺癌組血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。在246例可切除胰腺癌中,隨著胰腺癌腫瘤(TNM)分期的增加,血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平逐漸升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。Logistic回歸模型為Logit(P)=-0.877+0.031Y CA19-9+0.007Y CA50-0.034Y CA242。三項聯(lián)合檢測的AUC、靈敏度、準確率高于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,特異性低于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242聯(lián)合檢測有助于可切除胰腺癌的臨床診斷和病情評估,值得臨床推廣應用。
[關鍵詞]胰腺癌;腫瘤標志物;受試者工作特征曲線;Logistic回歸分析
[中圖分類號] R735.9? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2019)11(b)-0012-05
Clinical diagnostic value of combined detection of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 50 and carbohydrate antigen 242 in operative pancreatic cancer
DOU Rong-han1,2,3? ?ZHOU Guo-ming1,2,3? ?ZHANG Bin1,2,3? ?YE Liu-qing1,2,3
1. Institute of Oncology and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou? ?310022, China; 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou? ?310022, China; 3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Tumor Hospital, Hangzhou? ?310022, China
[Abstract] Objective To use the Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to analyze saccharide antigens 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50) and carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ operable pancreatic cancer clinical diagnostic value. Methods The clinical data of 246 patients with pancreatic cancer who were hospitalized in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 and received standard surgical treatment were analyzed retrospectively as the pancreatic cancer group, and 128 patients with pancreatic benign tumor who received surgery at the same time were selected as the control group. The levels of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 in serum of patients were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). The expression levels of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 in serum of the two groups were compared. The serum CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 levels of patients with different TNM stages in pancreatic cancer group were compared. The area under curve (AUC) of ROC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated by Logistic regression and ROC curve. Results The levels of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 in serum of pancreatic cancer group were higher than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 246 cases of resectable pancreatic cancer, the levels of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 increased with the increase of TNM stage, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The regression model was Logit(P)=-0.877+0.031Y CA19-9+0.007Y CA50-0.034Y CA242. The AUC, sensitivity and accuracy of the three combined tests were higher than those of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242, and the specificity was lower than that of CA19-9, CA50 and CA242, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined detection of serum CA19-9, CA50 and CA242 is helpful to the clinical diagnosis and condition evaluation of resectable pancreatic cancer, which is worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Pancreatic cancer; Tumor markers; Receiver operating characteristic curves; Logistic regression analysis
胰腺癌是常見的消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病機制尚未明確,發(fā)病原因與吸煙、飲酒、高脂高蛋白飲食等有關[1-3]。胰腺癌惡性程度高、病情進展快,早期治療能改善預后并提高總體生存率,但由于其早期臨床特征無顯著特異性,漏診率極高,大部分患者就診時已進展為中晚期,預后極差,因此對胰腺癌的早期診斷尤為重要[4-7]。血清腫瘤標志物檢測的異常早于影像學檢查的異常,其標本易獲取,可重復檢測,且與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有一定相關性,因此,選擇適當?shù)哪[瘤標志物聯(lián)合檢測可提升檢測的靈敏度與特異性[8-9]。本研究應用Logistic回歸和受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析糖類抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖類抗原50(CA50)和糖類抗原242(CA242)在Ⅰ~Ⅲ期可手術胰腺癌中的臨床診斷價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
回顧性分析2016年1月~2018年12月在浙江省腫瘤醫(yī)院住院并接受過規(guī)范手術治療的246例胰腺癌患者的臨床資料作為胰腺癌組,另選取同期接受手術的128例胰腺良性腫瘤患者作為對照組。胰腺癌組中,男148例,女98例;年齡43~84歲,平均(63.37±8.33)歲。對照組中,男71例,女57例;年齡12~79歲,平均(54.32±12.75)歲。兩組患者的一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。納入標準:①術前未行化療等其他治療者;②術后常規(guī)病理證實為胰腺良、惡性腫瘤者;③具有完整的臨床、病理資料者。排除標準:①術前已行其他治療者;②手術不能切除病灶者;③合并胰腺外其他器官惡性腫瘤史者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會審核批準。
1.2檢測方法
1.2.1樣本采集? 全部患者均于入院次日(術前)采集空腹靜脈血5 ml,室溫靜置30 min后以3000 r/min離心10 min,取上層血清待檢。所有標本均無黃疸、溶血、脂濁等情況。
1.2.2血清標志物檢測? 血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242含量均采用化學發(fā)光免疫分析(CLIA)法檢測,CA19-9[西門子醫(yī)學診斷產(chǎn)品(上海)有限公司,批號:23388437]、CA50(深圳市新產(chǎn)業(yè)生物醫(yī)學工程股份有限公司,批號:0371800102)、CA242(深圳市新產(chǎn)業(yè)生物醫(yī)學工程股份有限公司,批號:0611800103),嚴格按照各廠家提供的試劑盒說明書進行操作。
1.3觀察指標及評價標準
比較兩組患者血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平;比較胰腺癌組中不同腫瘤(TNM)分期患者血清中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平;進一步聯(lián)合Logistic回歸和ROC曲線計算并比較各指標單項檢測及聯(lián)合檢測時的ROC-曲線下面積(AUC)、靈敏度、特異性及準確率。①以CA19-9>37.00 U/ml,CA50>25.00 U/ml,CA242>20.00 U/ml為胰腺癌診斷的cut-off值。②靈敏度=真陽性例數(shù)/(真陽性+假陰性)例數(shù)×100%;特異性=真陰性例數(shù)/(真陰性+假陽性)例數(shù)×100%;準確率=(真陽性+真陰性)例數(shù)/(真陽性+假陰性+真陰性+假陽性)例數(shù)×100%。
1.4統(tǒng)計學方法
采用統(tǒng)計學軟件SPSS 22.0分析數(shù)據(jù),符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗;不符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料以M(P25,P75)表示,采用Mann-Whitney非參數(shù)檢驗;多組間比較采用單因素方差分析;采用Logistic回歸模型及ROC曲線評估各指標的診斷價值,預測ΔCI≥15%的效能,并確定各參數(shù)最佳臨界值,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者血清中CA19-9、CA50和CA242表達水平的比較
胰腺癌組患者的血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2胰腺癌組患者不同TNM分期血清中CA19-9、CA50和CA242表達水平的比較
胰腺癌組患者中隨著TNM分期的增加,血清中CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平逐漸升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3 Logistic回歸模型及ROC曲線評估CA19-9、CA50、CA242及聯(lián)合檢測的診斷價值
2.3.1 Logistic回歸模型評估CA19-9、CA50、CA242及聯(lián)合檢測診斷價值? 以病理結(jié)果為應變量,CA19-9、CA50和CA242檢測結(jié)果為自變量,強制選入作二項分類非條件Logistic回歸分析,建立Logistic回歸模,Logit(P)=-0.877+0.031Y CA19-9+0.007Y CA50-0.034Y CA242(表3)。
2.3.2 ROC曲線評估CA19-9、CA50、CA242及聯(lián)合檢測的診斷價值? 三項聯(lián)合檢測的AUC值高于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表4、圖1)。
2.4 CA19-9、CA50、CA242檢測及聯(lián)合檢測對可切除胰腺癌的診斷效能
三項聯(lián)合檢測的靈敏度和準確率高于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,特異性低于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)(表5)。
3討論
CA19-9、CA50和CA242均為常見的腫瘤標志物,在消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤患者的血清中均有不同程度的升高,尤其是胰腺癌患者的血清中其濃度升高更為明顯[10-11]。李靜等[12]研究顯示,胰腺癌組血清中的CA19-9水平明顯高于良性胰腺疾病組與正常對照組(P<0.01)。Lei等[13]通過分析112例Ⅰa-Ⅱb期胰腺導管腺癌患者、100例良性胰腺病變患者和90例健康健康體檢者血清中CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平,惡性組血清中的CA19-9,CA242和CA50表達水平和陽性率均顯著高于良性組和健康對照組。本研究結(jié)果顯示,胰腺癌組患者的血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示檢測外周血中的CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平,有助于提高胰腺癌的檢出率。本研究結(jié)果顯示,胰腺癌組患者中隨著TNM分期的增加,血清中CA19-9、CA50和CA242的表達水平逐漸升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),提示血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242水平隨著病程的進展而明顯升高。
Cao等[14]檢測了119例可切除胰腺癌患者術前CA19-9的表達水平,結(jié)果顯示,術前血清CA19-9的陽性檢出率為81.51%,高于其他指標。曾萬里等[15]對比了77例胰腺癌患者和77例健康體檢人群后發(fā)現(xiàn)胰腺癌組血清中的CA19-9陽性率顯著高于對照組。林文科等[16]研究顯示,血清CA19-9、CA242和CA50在胰腺癌中的陽性率分別達82.2%、67.1%、39.7%。Zhang等[17]的一項包含21項研究共3497個病例的Meta分析顯示,血清CA19-9和CA242對胰腺癌的診斷靈敏度分別為75.40%、67.80%,特異度為77.60%,83.00%,其中CA19-9和CA242聯(lián)合檢測能提高診斷靈敏度至89.95%,特異度為75.95%。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在對胰腺可切除腫物的良惡性判定中,單項檢測時血清CA19-9的AUC值最高(0.860);診斷靈敏度同樣是血清CA19-9最高(74.80%);診斷特異性方面,血清CA19-9、CA50、CA242檢測均>90.00%。三項聯(lián)合檢測的AUC(0.886)值高于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),三項聯(lián)合檢測的靈敏度和準確率高于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,特異性低于CA19-9、CA50和CA242單項檢測,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。研究結(jié)果顯示[18],膽汁淤積者血清中的CA19-9水平有不同程度的升高,良性胰腺疾病患者均有不同程度的黃疸,但不如胰腺癌患者升高明顯,CA242與膽汁淤積程度無關,因此CA19-9對胰腺癌診斷的特異性較CA242低。綜合運用胰腺腫瘤的血清標志物可提高胰腺癌的臨床診斷能力,為更多的胰腺癌患者提供手術機會。
綜上所述,血清標志物的檢測是臨床診斷胰腺癌的重要手段[19-21],綜合運用胰腺腫瘤的血清標志物可提高胰腺癌的臨床診斷能力,血清CA19-9、CA50和CA242聯(lián)合檢測有助于可切除胰腺癌的臨床診斷和病情評估,為更多的胰腺癌患者提供手術機會,值得臨床推廣應用。
[參考文獻]
[1]鄭旭,邱雄,邵澤勇,等.胰腺癌患者血清CEMIP、CA19-9和CA242水平變化及其臨床意義[J].實用肝臟病雜志,2019,22(2):280-284.
[2]Jiang YX,Spurny M,Schübel R,et al.Changes in pancreatic fat content following diet-induced weight loss[J].Nutrients,2019,11(4): E912.
[3]Hao S,Huo S,Du Z,et al.MicroRNA-related transcription factor regulatory networks in human colorectal cancer[J].Med(Baltimore),2019,98(15):e15158.
[4]Zhou B,Xu JW,Cheng YG,et al.Early detection of pancreatic cancer:where are we now and where are we going?[J].Int J Cancer,2017,141(2):231-241.
[5]Okano K,Suzuki Y.Strategies for early detection of resectable pancreatic cancer[J].World J Gastroenterol. 2014,20(32):11 230-11 240.
[6]Kikuyama M,Kamisawa T,Kuruma S,et al.Early diagnosis to improve the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer[J].Cancers(Basel),2018,10(2):E48.
[7]Gao HL,Liu L,Qi ZH,et al.The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer:a meta-analysis[J].Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int,2018,17(2):95-100
[8]梁巍,胡雨薇,應媛媛.聯(lián)合檢測D-二聚體、糖類抗原-199、癌胚抗原在結(jié)直腸癌患者中的臨床價值[J].中國實驗診斷學,2019,23(1):83-85.
[9]Liu X,Zheng W,Wang W,et al.A new panel of pancreatic cancer biomarkers discovered using a mass spectrometry-based pipeline[J].Br J Cancer,2017,117(12):1846-1854.
[10]任勇亞,杜麗堅,任鴻.血清CA50、CA199、CA242、CA724在胃癌診斷及預后評估中的應用[J].臨床醫(yī)學研究與實踐,2018,3(36):119-120.
[11]朱劍峰,李志輝,朱紅靜,等.CEA、CA199、CA724、CA242、 CA125、CA50對消化道腫瘤的診斷價值[J].實用癌癥雜志,2014,29(5):501-502.
[12]李靜,梁曉芳,翟桂蘭.血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA聯(lián)合檢測在胰腺癌診斷中的應用[J].吉林大學學報(醫(yī)學版),2014,40(6):1252-1255.
[13]Lei XF,Jia SZ,Ye J,et al.Application values of detection of serum CA19-9,CA242 and CA50 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer[J].J Biol Regul Homeost Agents,2017,31(2):383-388.
[14]Cao J,F(xiàn)u Z,Gao L,et al.Evaluation of serum D-dimer,fibrinogen,and CA19-9 for postoperative monitoring and survival prediction in resectable pancreatic carcinoma[J].World J Surg Oncol,2017,15(1):48.
[15]曾萬里,葉廷云.CEA、CA19-9、CA125聯(lián)合檢測在胰腺癌診治中的應用[J].中華腫瘤防治雜志,2016,23(S2):182,201.
[16]林文科,吳吉芳,鄭志昂.多種腫瘤標志物在胰腺癌中的診斷價值及相關性研究[J].中國免疫學志,2017,33(1):120-125.
[17]Zhang Y,Yang J,Li H,et al.Tumor markers CA19-9,CA242 and CEA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer:a meta-analysis[J].Int J Clin Exp Med,2015,8(7):11 683-11 691.
[18]徐笑紅,束新華,盧加蓀,等.血清CA242、CA19-9在胰腺癌診斷和治療中的應用評估[J].標記免疫分析與臨床,2001,8(3):185-187.
[19]Gu YL,Lan C,Pei H,et al.Applicative value of serum CA19-9,CEA,CA125 and CA242 in diagnosis and prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer treated by concurrent chemoradiotherapy[J].Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,2015,16(15):6569-6573.
[20]邢瑞青,彭道榮.血清CA19-9、PIVKA-Ⅱ、VEGF聯(lián)合檢測對胰腺癌的診斷價值研究[J].國際檢驗醫(yī)學雜志,2019, 40(5):554-557.
[21]Gallego J,López C,Pazo-Cid R,et al.Biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma[J].Clin Transl Oncol,2017, 19(12):1430-1437.
(收稿日期:2019-04-09? 本文編輯:劉克明)