易曉明 曾芬
[摘要]目的 探討持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣聯(lián)合曲唑酮治療阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者的效果。方法 選取2017年10月~2019年1月我院收治的80例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組(40例)與對(duì)照組(40例)。對(duì)照組患者采用持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣方法治療,觀察組患者在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加用曲唑酮治療。比較兩組患者入院時(shí)及療程結(jié)束時(shí)的血壓[收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)]、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)、最高血氧飽和度(SpO2)、最低SpO2及匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)、睡眠呼吸暫停生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)(SAQLI)評(píng)分。結(jié)果 兩組患者入院時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR均低于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者入院時(shí)的AHI及最高、最低SpO2水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的AHI均明顯低于入院時(shí),最高、最低SpO2水平均高于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的AHI明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的最高、最低SpO2水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者入院時(shí)的PSQI、SDS、SAQLI評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的PSQI、SDS評(píng)分均低于入院時(shí),SAQLI評(píng)分均高于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的PSQI、SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,SAQLI評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 在持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣基礎(chǔ)上配合使用曲唑酮,能夠改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者的AHI及PSQI、SDS、SAQLI評(píng)分。
[關(guān)鍵詞]阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征;持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣;曲唑酮
[中圖分類號(hào)] R766? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)11(b)-0008-04
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation combined with Trazodone in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
YI Xiao-ming1? ?ZENG Fen2
1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second People′s Hospital of Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, Yichun? ? 336000, China; 2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second People′s Hospital of Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, Yichun? ?336000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation combined with Trazodone in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods A total of 80 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into observation group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, and the observation group was treated with Trazodone on the basis of the control group. The blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP]), heart rate (HR), sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), highest oxygen saturation (SpO2), lowest SpO2, and scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and sleep apnea quality of life index (SAQLI) were compared between the two groups at admission and end of treatment. Results There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP and HR between the two groups at admission (P>0.05). The SBP, DBP and HR of the two groups at the end of treatment were lower than those at admission, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP and HR between the two groups at the end of treatment (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in AHI and the highest and lowest SpO2 levels between the two groups at admission (P>0.05). The AHI of the two groups at the end of treatment was significantly lower than that at admission, the highest and lowest SpO2 levels were higher than those at admission, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The AHI in the observation group at the end of treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the highest and lowest SpO2 levels between the two groups at the end of treatment (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in PSQI, SDS, and SAQLI scores between the two groups at admission (P>0.05). The scores of PSQI and SDS at the end of treatment were lower than those at admission, and the SAQLI scores were higher than those at admission, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The PSQI and SDS scores of the observation group at the end of treatment were lower than those of the control group, the SAQLI score was higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Trazodone combined with continuous positive airway pressure ventilation can improve AHI, and scores of PSQI, SDS, SAQLI in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
[Key words] Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation; Trazodone
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征是一種睡眠時(shí)出現(xiàn)呼吸道部分或完全梗阻引起呼吸暫停的綜合癥狀,持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣是目前臨床治療阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征的常用手段,可有效擴(kuò)張氣道,改善呼吸受限情況[1-2]。但有研究指出,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣治療可能造成患者情緒狀態(tài)變化,易出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀,影響治療依從性和生活質(zhì)量,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至加劇病情進(jìn)展[3-4]。國(guó)外相關(guān)研究認(rèn)為,對(duì)于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者,需要改善其各方面指征,尤其是情緒方面,以避免發(fā)生抑郁情況[5-6]。因此,輔助進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的治療干預(yù)改善患者抑郁癥狀有利于提升整體預(yù)后。我院在臨床上配合使用曲唑酮進(jìn)行治療,獲得了令人滿意的效果?,F(xiàn)將持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣聯(lián)合曲唑酮治療阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征的臨床優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2017年10月~2019年1月我院收治的80例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為觀察組(40例)與對(duì)照組(40例)。觀察組中,男22例,女18例;年齡25~68歲,平均(48.62±6.53)歲。對(duì)照組中,男23例,女17例;年齡26~69歲,平均(78.73±6.65)歲。兩組患者的性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已獲得我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),而且所有患者均已簽署知情同意書(shū),可以配合完成本研究。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸病學(xué)分會(huì)睡眠呼吸疾病學(xué)組制定的“阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征診治指南(草案)”中關(guān)于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并肝腎功能障礙者;②妊娠期女性;③哺乳期女性;④入選前3個(gè)月有鎮(zhèn)痛、鎮(zhèn)靜或抗心律失常等影響心功能和呼吸的藥物用藥史者;⑤合并其他呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病者;⑥有意識(shí)障礙或交流障礙者。
1.2方法
兩組患者入院后即接受常規(guī)對(duì)癥治療,包括糾正水電解質(zhì)失衡、抗炎抗感染、治療預(yù)防發(fā)病、調(diào)整睡眠體位、合理控制飲食和作息、健康運(yùn)動(dòng)指導(dǎo)等。注意睡前禁用鎮(zhèn)靜或安眠藥物,防止呼吸中樞抑制。
對(duì)照組患者接受持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣治療,使用無(wú)創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī)(BiPAP Synchrony)(美國(guó)偉康,型號(hào):Respironics,lnc)連接口鼻面罩進(jìn)行持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣,呼吸頻率為10~20次/min,壓力為8~20 cmH2O,通氣量為7~10 L/min,血氧飽和度(SpO2)維持在88%~92%。自睡前通氣至清醒共持續(xù)時(shí)間8 h。治療6周。
觀察組患者在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加用曲唑酮(美時(shí)化學(xué)制藥股份有限公司南投廠,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):HC20160001)治療,50 mg/次,1次/d,睡前2 h口服,共治療6周。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
比較兩組患者入院時(shí)及療程結(jié)束時(shí)的血壓[收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)]、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣指數(shù)(AHI)、最高SpO2、最低SpO2及匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)、睡眠呼吸暫停生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)(SAQLI)評(píng)分變化情況。
PSQI[7]包括19個(gè)自我評(píng)定題目和5個(gè)由睡眠同伴評(píng)定的問(wèn)題,總分為0~21分,評(píng)分越高表示睡眠質(zhì)量越差。
SDS[8]包括20個(gè)題目,按照4分法計(jì)分,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分=20項(xiàng)總分×1.25,以53分為分界值,評(píng)分越高表示抑郁狀態(tài)越嚴(yán)重。
SAQLI[9]包括日?;顒?dòng)、社會(huì)交往、情感功能、癥狀4個(gè)維度共35個(gè)條目,每個(gè)維度1~7分,總評(píng)分為4~28分,評(píng)分越高表示生活質(zhì)量越好。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者入院時(shí)及療程結(jié)束時(shí)血壓、心率的比較
兩組患者入院時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR均低于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的SBP、DBP、HR比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2兩組患者入院時(shí)及療程結(jié)束時(shí)AHI及最高、最低SpO2水平的比較
兩組患者入院時(shí)的AHI及最高、最低SpO2水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的AHI均明顯低于入院時(shí),最高、最低SpO2水平均高于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的AHI明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的最高、最低SpO2水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表2)。
2.3兩組患者入院時(shí)及療程結(jié)束時(shí)PSQI、SDS、SAQLI評(píng)分的比較
兩組患者入院時(shí)的PSQI、SDS、SAQLI評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);兩組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的PSQI、SDS評(píng)分均低于入院時(shí),SAQLI評(píng)分均高于入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的PSQI、SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,SAQLI評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(表3)。
3討論
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征是一種綜合性的多系統(tǒng)疾病,發(fā)病以男性患者為主,中老年人群發(fā)病率較高。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者常出現(xiàn)打鼾、呼吸暫停、憋醒、性格變化等癥狀,日間的精神力不集中,生活質(zhì)量明顯下降,長(zhǎng)期得不到控制容易引起呼吸道反復(fù)感染、心室擴(kuò)大、神經(jīng)行為改變等不良情況[10-11]。臨床研究表明,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者由于睡眠中SpO2水平降低,血管中樞在低氧狀態(tài)下受到損傷,易引發(fā)神經(jīng)功能紊亂和腦部5-羥色胺(5-HT)水平異常[12-13]。加之長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣治療所致的不適感和緊張感,導(dǎo)致患者容易伴發(fā)抑郁癥狀,進(jìn)而影響治療和病情進(jìn)展[14]。因此,采取必要的治療干預(yù)改善患者的心理狀態(tài)有利于確保預(yù)后良好。
持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣是治療該病的常用手段,能夠確?;颊咚咂陂g呼吸順暢,但對(duì)腦部異常生理改變并無(wú)明顯的改善作用[15]。曲唑酮為四環(huán)類非典型抗抑郁藥,可選擇性拮抗5-HT的再攝取且不會(huì)對(duì)腦部其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生明顯影響[16]。藥理學(xué)研究還顯示,曲唑酮能夠通過(guò)抑制負(fù)反饋調(diào)節(jié),增加5-HT的釋放,達(dá)到抗抑郁的作用[17]。另外,曲唑酮還有一定中樞鎮(zhèn)靜作用和輕微的肌肉松弛作用,且不會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗痙攣和中樞興奮作用,可改善睡眠,顯著縮短抑郁癥患者入睡潛伏期,延長(zhǎng)整體睡眠時(shí)間,提高睡眠質(zhì)量[18]。本研究結(jié)果也顯示,觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的PSQI、SDS評(píng)分及AHI均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),分析原因主要為:在持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣基礎(chǔ)上使用曲唑酮能夠提高患者的睡眠質(zhì)量,消除日間乏力感,緩解腦部5-HT分泌異常的情況,減輕病情和抑郁癥狀。另外,觀察組患者療程結(jié)束時(shí)的SAQLI評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),進(jìn)一步提示了曲唑酮在改善患者預(yù)后,提升其生活質(zhì)量中的臨床優(yōu)勢(shì)。羊德旺等[18]觀察了中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療痰瘀互結(jié)型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征的效果,結(jié)果表明,中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療能夠顯著改善患者的臨床癥狀和生活質(zhì)量,這也和本研究結(jié)果一致。
綜上所述,在持續(xù)性氣道正壓通氣基礎(chǔ)上配合使用曲唑酮,能夠改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征患者的抑郁癥狀,進(jìn)而提升治療效果和生活質(zhì)量。
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(收稿日期:2019-08-15? 本文編輯:任秀蘭)