毛里林
2018年2月12日,筆者去爬岳麓山,結(jié)識(shí)了幾位湖南大學(xué)的非洲留學(xué)生。筆者倒是想與他們用英語交流,可他們卻堅(jiān)持用漢語與我交流,偶爾還飚出長沙方言。更令人意外的是,其中一位甚至問我“三個(gè)女人一臺(tái)戲(Something is bound to happen when several women get together)”是什么意思,我當(dāng)時(shí)不知所措,一時(shí)半會(huì)兒還真回答不上來。
的確,隨著中國倡導(dǎo)的“一帶一路”不斷向世界各地“延伸”,中國對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響力越來越大,越來越多的海外朋友渴望學(xué)習(xí)漢語,了解中國的語言文化,其中包括漢語的格言、警句和俗語等。中國俗語源遠(yuǎn)流長,其中不乏經(jīng)典之語。然而,有些經(jīng)典之句居然被誤傳了千百年,并且成為了俗語里名副其實(shí)的精髓,人們亦稱其為諺語(proverb)。這些俗語恐怕連國人都不一定知道其來歷,就更別說外國朋友了。基于此,筆者在此談?wù)勂邨l被誤傳但是卻耐人尋味的中國俗語的英譯。
原本是“嫁乞隨乞,嫁叟隨叟”,源自明代小說家馮夢龍纂輯的小說集《醒世恒言》里的《賣油郎獨(dú)占花魁》,意思是“不論丈夫性格如何,都要溫順”,其實(shí)就是“一個(gè)女人即使嫁給乞丐或者是年齡大的人,也要隨其生活一輩子”。因此,此句的翻譯是:A woman follows her husband no matter what his lot is. / A woman follows her husband no matter what he is.
例如:Now that youve got married, you should mould your lifestyle after that of your husband. 既然你已結(jié)婚,那就嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗吧。
As a proverb goes, a woman follows her husband no matter what he is. 有句諺語說,嫁雞隨雞,嫁狗隨狗。
起初是“三個(gè)臭裨將,頂個(gè)諸葛亮”,“皮匠”即“裨將”的諧音,裨將在古代就是“副將”。這句話的意思是“三個(gè)副將的智慧合起來能頂一個(gè)足智多謀的諸葛亮”,比喻“人多智多,有事經(jīng)大家商量就能想出好辦法”。因此,此語的翻譯是:Four eyes see more than two. / The intelligence of the masses certainly exceeds that of the wisest individual. / Two people would do better than one. / Two wits are better than one.
例如:Two groups working together can make more achievements in that four eyes see more than two. 三個(gè)臭皮匠,頂個(gè)諸葛亮;兩個(gè)組一起工作能取得更多的成績。
Now you have to accept the view that the intelligence of the masses certainly exceeds that of the wisest individual. 你現(xiàn)在必須得接受“三個(gè)臭皮匠,頂個(gè)諸葛亮”的觀點(diǎn)。
原為“不見親棺不落淚”,其產(chǎn)生與明代蘭陵笑笑生所著的奇書《金瓶梅詞話》第九十八回的語句有關(guān),意思是“一個(gè)人只有見了親人的棺材才落淚”,并不是見了任何棺材都會(huì)落淚,比喻“不到徹底失敗的時(shí)候不肯罷休”。因此,本句的翻譯是:Be unconvinced until faced with grim reality. / Refuse to be convinced until one is faced with grim reality. / Say “die” only at the sight of the gallows(絞刑架). / Until all is over, ones ambition never dies.
例如:Jackson is a man who says “die” only at the sight of the gallows. 杰克遜是一個(gè)不見棺材不落淚的人。
It is just her personality to refuse to be convinced until she is faced with grim reality. 不見棺材不落淚正好是她的個(gè)性寫照。
藍(lán)本是“不到烏江心不死”,出自明代學(xué)者凌初的《初刻拍案驚奇》第十五卷,書中寫道:“你不到烏江心不死,今已到了烏江,這心原也該死了?!贝怂渍Z比喻“不達(dá)目的,誓不罷休”,或者“不到實(shí)在無路可走的境地不肯死心”。因此,該俗語的翻譯是:Ambition never dies until there is no way out. / Never come back until there is a dead end. / Never give up until you reach your goal.
例如:I made it at last because I never gave up until I reached my goal. 因?yàn)槲铱偸菆?jiān)持不到黃河心不死,最終就把事兒辦成了。
Tom has the precept that ambition never dies until there is no way out. 湯姆的箴言是:不到黃河心不死。
原本是“舍不得鞋子套不住狼”,在川渝一帶的方言里,“鞋”的發(fā)音是“hai”,故誤傳。這句俗語的意思是“真要打到狼,就不要怕跑很多路,要跑很多路就不要怕費(fèi)鞋”。該俗語的翻譯是:One can hardly expect to accomplish a major task if he is not willing to take risks. / People cant make an omelette without breaking eggs.
例如:One can hardly expect to accomplish a major task if he is not willing to take risks,which is known to us all. 我們大家都明白“舍不得孩子套不住狼”的道理。
She persuaded me to accept the view that people cant make an omelette without breaking eggs. 她說服我接受了“舍不得孩子套不住狼”的觀點(diǎn)。
起初是“量小非君子,無度不丈夫”,出自南宋以后儒家學(xué)者們纂輯而成的幼兒開蒙讀物《名賢集》,該讀物分為四言集、五言集、六言集和七言集?!傲啃》蔷?,無度不丈夫”源自其中的五言集,意思是“一個(gè)男人應(yīng)該有包容他人、不拘小節(jié)、寬宏大量的品質(zhì),才能稱為君子”。后來誤傳成“無毒不丈夫”,指“要成就大事業(yè)必須手段毒辣或技高一籌”。因此,該語句的翻譯是:He who cannot resort to violent treachery when it is necessary is not a true man. / Ruthlessness is the mark of a truly great man. / To be somebody requires ruthlessness. / A real man lacks not in venom(惡毒).
例如:Young as he is, he knows the real meaning of the proverb: Ruthlessness is the mark of a truly great man.雖然他年輕,但卻懂得諺語“無毒不丈夫”的真正含義。
As an informer, he firmly believes that he who cannot resort to violent treachery when it is necessary is not a true man. 作為一名密探,他堅(jiān)信無毒不丈夫。
原語是“無尖不成商”,據(jù)說源自于上古時(shí)期,“尖”是古代用來度量的斗。古代米商做生意時(shí),不僅要將斗裝滿,且要讓斗里的米冒著尖兒,盡量讓利。不過,如今的意思似乎恰好相反:“不奸詐就不能當(dāng)商人”。因此,其翻譯是:Every businessman is a profiteer.
例如:Every businessman is a profiteer. There is no exception to you, I am afraid. 無奸不成商,恐怕你也不例外吧。